Substitution Rates in Drosophila Nuclear Genes: Implications for Translational Selection

Simple methods for estimating the numbers of synonymous and nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions.

1986 • 4,940 citations

The ‘effective number of codons’ used in a gene

1990 • 2,068 citations

A codon-based model of nucleotide substitution for protein-coding DNA sequences.

1994 • 2,001 citations

The effect of linkage on limits to artificial selection

1966 • 1,822 citations

Estimating Synonymous and Nonsynonymous Substitution Rates Under Realistic Evolutionary Models

2000 • 1,666 citations

The effect of linkage on limits to artificial selection

2007 • 1,640 citations

Codon usage in yeast: cluster analysis clearly differentiates highly and lowly expressed genes

1986 • 1,148 citations

Preferential codon usage in prokaryotic genes: the optimal codon-anticodon interaction energy and the selective codon usage in efficiently expressed genes

1982 • 850 citations

Expression pattern and, surprisingly, gene length shape codon usage inCaenorhabditis,Drosophila, andArabidopsis

1999 • 782 citations

Synonymous codon usage in Drosophila melanogaster: natural selection and translational accuracy.

1994 • 747 citations

Synonymous and nonsynonymous rate variation in nuclear genes of mammals

1998 • 656 citations

Inferring weak selection from patterns of polymorphism and divergence at "silent" sites in Drosophila DNA.

1995 • 554 citations

"Silent" sites in Drosophila genes are not neutral: evidence of selection among synonymous codons.

1988 • 535 citations

The rate of synonymous substitution in enterobacterial genes is inversely related to codon usage bias.

1987 • 346 citations

Codon Usage Bias and tRNA Abundance in Drosophila

1997 • 320 citations

The FlyBase Database of the Drosophila Genome Projects and community literature

1999 • 316 citations

Evolution of codon usage bias in Drosophila

1997 • 311 citations

On the rate of DNA sequence evolution inDrosophila

1989 • 300 citations

Natural Selection on Synonymous Sites Is Correlated With Gene Length and Recombination in Drosophila

1999 • 272 citations

New methods for estimating the numbers of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions

1995 • 220 citations

A method for estimating the numbers of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions per site

1995 • 218 citations

Translational selection and molecular evolution

1998 • 217 citations

Synonymous substitution rates in Drosophila: Mitochondrial versus nuclear genes

1997 • 184 citations

Codon usage bias and base composition of nuclear genes in Drosophila.

1993 • 151 citations

Synonymous nucleotide substitution rates in mammalian genes: implications for the molecular clock and the relationship of mammalian orders.

1991 • 143 citations

Estimating synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution rates

1996 • 140 citations

Maintenance of pre-mRNA secondary structure by epistatic selection.

1995 • 125 citations

Rates of Nucleotide Substitution and Mammalian Nuclear Gene Evolution: Approximate and Maximum-Likelihood Methods Lead to Different Conclusions

2000 • 116 citations

Rates of synonymous substitution and base composition of nuclear genes in Drosophila.

1992 • 109 citations

The effects of mutation and natural selection on codon bias in the genes of Drosophila.

1994 • 98 citations

Frequencies of synonymous substitutions in mammals are gene-specific and correlated with frequencies of nonsynonymous substitutions

1995 • 88 citations

The Correlation Between Synonymous and Nonsynonymous Substitutions in Drosophila: Mutation, Selection or Relaxed Constraints?

1998 • 62 citations

Switch in Codon Bias and Increased Rates of Amino Acid Substitution in the Drosophila saltans Species Group

1999 • 51 citations

The Evolution of Codon Preferences in Drosophila: A Maximum-Likelihood Approach to Parameter Estimation and Hypothesis Testing

1999 • 35 citations

Synonymous Substitutions in the Xdh Gene of Drosophila: Heterogeneous Distribution Along the Coding Region

1996 • 34 citations

Compositional heterogeneity and patterns of molecular evolution in the Drosophila genome.

1993 • 32 citations

Patterns of Base Composition Within the Genes of Drosophila melanogaster

1998 • 30 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations