H2AX: the histone guardian of the genome

Crystal structure of the nucleosome core particle at 2.8 Å resolution

1997 • 8,906 citations

DNA Double-stranded Breaks Induce Histone H2AX Phosphorylation on Serine 139

1998 • 5,093 citations

DNA damage activates ATM through intermolecular autophosphorylation and dimer dissociation

2003 • 3,385 citations

Class Switch Recombination and Hypermutation Require Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase (AID), a Potential RNA Editing Enzyme

2000 • 3,323 citations

The DNA damage response: putting checkpoints in perspective

2000 • 3,147 citations

A Single Ataxia Telangiectasia Gene with a Product Similar to PI-3 Kinase

1995 • 2,767 citations

A DNA damage checkpoint response in telomere-initiated senescence

2003 • 2,600 citations

ATM and related protein kinases: safeguarding genome integrity

2003 • 2,516 citations

Megabase Chromatin Domains Involved in DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Vivo

1999 • 2,380 citations

DNA double-strand breaks: signaling, repair and the cancer connection

2001 • 2,372 citations

A critical role for histone H2AX in recruitment of repair factors to nuclear foci after DNA damage

2000 • 2,052 citations

ATM Phosphorylates Histone H2AX in Response to DNA Double-strand Breaks

2001 • 1,861 citations

Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase (AID) Deficiency Causes the Autosomal Recessive Form of the Hyper-IgM Syndrome (HIGM2)

2000 • 1,604 citations

Genomic Instability in Mice Lacking Histone H2AX

2002 • 1,343 citations

DNA Damage Foci at Dysfunctional Telomeres

2003 • 1,341 citations

The hMre11/hRad50 Protein Complex and Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome: Linkage of Double-Strand Break Repair to the Cellular DNA Damage Response

1998 • 1,220 citations

Pathways of DNA Double-Strand Break Repair during the Mammalian Cell Cycle

2003 • 1,157 citations

Initial Events in the Cellular Effects of Ionizing Radiations: Clustered Damage in DNA

1994 • 1,142 citations

Histone H2AX Is Phosphorylated in an ATR-dependent Manner in Response to Replicational Stress

2001 • 1,109 citations

The DNA Double-Strand Break Repair Gene hMRE11 Is Mutated in Individuals with an Ataxia-Telangiectasia-like Disorder

1999 • 1,052 citations

Requirement of the MRN complex for ATM activation by DNA damage

2003 • 1,043 citations

Histone H2AX phosphorylation is dispensable for the initial recognition of DNA breaks

2003 • 968 citations

Dynamic Changes of BRCA1 Subnuclear Location and Phosphorylation State Are Initiated by DNA Damage

1997 • 910 citations

The DNA-dependent protein kinase

1999 • 896 citations

The 3′ to 5′ Exonuclease Activity of Mre11 Facilitates Repair of DNA Double-Strand Breaks

1998 • 887 citations

P53 Binding Protein 1 (53bp1) Is an Early Participant in the Cellular Response to DNA Double-Strand Breaks

2000 • 874 citations

MDC1 is a mediator of the mammalian DNA damage checkpoint

2003 • 862 citations

Recombinational DNA double-strand breaks in mice precede synapsis

2001 • 853 citations

Targeted disruption of ATM leads to growth retardation, chromosomal fragmentation during meiosis, immune defects, and thymic lymphoma.

1996 • 851 citations

Histone H2A variants H2AX and H2AZ

2002 • 749 citations

DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit: A relative of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and the ataxia telangiectasia gene product

1995 • 742 citations

Interfaces Between the Detection, Signaling, and Repair of DNA Damage

2002 • 693 citations

Initiation of DNA Fragmentation during Apoptosis Induces Phosphorylation of H2AX Histone at Serine 139

2000 • 682 citations

The Single-End Invasion

2001 • 658 citations

DNA damage-induced G2–M checkpoint activation by histone H2AX and 53BP1

2002 • 653 citations

A role for Saccharomyces cerevisiae histone H2A in DNA repair

2000 • 647 citations

Components of the Ku-dependent non-homologous end-joining pathway are involved in telomeric length maintenance and telomeric silencing

1998 • 636 citations

Association of BRCA1 with the hRad50-hMre11-p95 Complex and the DNA Damage Response

1999 • 621 citations

The RAG Proteins and V(D)J Recombination: Complexes, Ends, and Transposition

2000 • 616 citations

Quantitative Detection of¹²⁵IdU-Induced DNA Double-Strand Breaks with γ-H2AX Antibody

2002 • 598 citations

ATM and ATR: networking cellular responses to DNA damage

2001 • 595 citations

Regulation of RAD53 by the ATM -Like Kinases MEC1 and TEL1 in Yeast Cell Cycle Checkpoint Pathways

1996 • 593 citations

H2AX Is Required for Chromatin Remodeling and Inactivation of Sex Chromosomes in Male Mouse Meiosis

2003 • 582 citations

Connecting Chromosomes, Crisis, and Cancer

2002 • 564 citations

53BP1, a Mediator of the DNA Damage Checkpoint

2002 • 559 citations

Nuclear foci of mammalian Rad51 recombination protein in somatic cells after DNA damage and its localization in synaptonemal complexes.

1995 • 556 citations

H2AX Haploinsufficiency Modifies Genomic Stability and Tumor Susceptibility

2003 • 545 citations

Nbs1 potentiates ATP-driven DNA unwinding and endonuclease cleavage by the Mre11/Rad50 complex

1999 • 533 citations

Absence of p350 Subunit of DNA-Activated Protein Kinase from a Radiosensitive Human Cell Line

1995 • 530 citations

Increased ionizing radiation sensitivity and genomic instability in the absence of histone H2AX

2002 • 529 citations

Inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase related kinases by the radiosensitizing agent wortmannin.

1998 • 526 citations

PIK-Related Kinases: DNA Repair, Recombination, and Cell Cycle Checkpoints

1995 • 509 citations

MDC1 is required for the intra-S-phase DNA damage checkpoint

2003 • 508 citations

hMre11 and hRad50 Nuclear Foci Are Induced During the Normal Cellular Response to DNA Double-Strand Breaks †

1997 • 504 citations

In Situ Visualization of DNA Double-Strand Break Repair in Human Fibroblasts

1998 • 503 citations

AID is required to initiate Nbs1/γ-H2AX focus formation and mutations at sites of class switching

2001 • 496 citations

ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA AND THE NIJMEGEN BREAKAGE SYNDROME: Related Disorders But Genes Apart

1997 • 489 citations

Essential and dispensable roles of ATR in cell cycle arrest and genome maintenance

2003 • 489 citations

Histone H2AX

2003 • 479 citations

A genetic study of X-ray sensitive mutants in yeast

1974 • 478 citations

Tumor Suppressor P53 Binding Protein 1 (53bp1) Is Involved in DNA Damage–Signaling Pathways

2001 • 474 citations

Distinct spatiotemporal dynamics of mammalian checkpoint regulators induced by DNA damage

2003 • 463 citations

Phosphorylation of Histone H2AX and Activation of Mre11, Rad50, and Nbs1 in Response to Replication-dependent DNA Double-strand Breaks Induced by Mammalian DNA Topoisomerase I Cleavage Complexes

2003 • 444 citations

Nuclease Activities in a Complex of Human Recombination and DNA Repair Factors Rad50, Mre11, and p95

1998 • 410 citations

53BP1 functions in an ATM-dependent checkpoint pathway that is constitutively activated in human cancer

2002 • 404 citations

RAD50 and RAD51 Define Two Pathways That Collaborate to Maintain Telomeres in the Absence of Telomerase

1999 • 396 citations

A bouquet makes ends meet

2001 • 387 citations

DNA Ligase IV-Dependent NHEJ of Deprotected Mammalian Telomeres in G1 and G2

2002 • 370 citations

TEL1, an S. cerevisiae homolog of the human gene mutated in ataxia telangiectasia, is functionally related to the yeast checkpoint gene MEC1

1995 • 370 citations

Telomere maintenance is dependent on activities required for end repair of double-strand breaks

1998 • 369 citations

Accumulation of Checkpoint Protein 53BP1 at DNA Breaks Involves Its Binding to Phosphorylated Histone H2AX

2003 • 354 citations

Nuclear foci of mammalian recombination proteins are located at single-stranded DNA regions formed after DNA damage

1999 • 348 citations

MDC1 is coupled to activated CHK2 in mammalian DNA damage response pathways

2003 • 332 citations

The role of DNA double strand breaks in lonizing radiation‐induced killing of eukaryotic cells

1991 • 330 citations

Ku80 is required for immunoglobulin isotype switching

1998 • 330 citations

When is a lipid kinase not a lipid kinase? When it is a protein kinase

1995 • 315 citations

Response to RAG-Mediated V(D)J Cleavage by NBS1 and γ-H2AX

2000 • 315 citations

NBS1 Localizes to γ-H2AX Foci through Interaction with the FHA/BRCT Domain

2002 • 306 citations

RAG1 and RAG2 Form a Stable Postcleavage Synaptic Complex with DNA Containing Signal Ends in V(D)J Recombination

1997 • 297 citations

Ku70 Is Required for Late B Cell Development and Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Class Switching

1998 • 293 citations

The Behavior of the XY Pair in Mammals

1974 • 291 citations

Histone 2A, a heteromorphous family of eight protein species

1980 • 278 citations

H2AX Is Required for Recombination Between Immunoglobulin Switch Regions but Not for Intra-Switch Region Recombination or Somatic Hypermutation

2003 • 277 citations

ATM-related genes: What do they tell us about functions of the human gene?

1995 • 276 citations

Interaction of Mre11 and Rad50: two proteins required for DNA repair and meiosis-specific double-strand break formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

1995 • 269 citations

The Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 Protein Complex Facilitates Homologous Recombination-Based Double-Strand Break Repair in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1999 • 267 citations

Interactions of TLC1 (Which Encodes the RNA Subunit of Telomerase), TEL1, and MEC1 in Regulating Telomere Length in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1999 • 264 citations

Histones and Their Modification

1986 • 260 citations

The initiation of meiotic chromosome pairing: the cytological view

1990 • 257 citations

DNA double-strand breaks and the RAD50-RAD57 genes in Saccharomyces.

1993 • 249 citations

Assembly of a 12/23 Paired Signal Complex: A Critical Control Point in V(D)J Recombination

1998 • 233 citations

Mutations in XRS2 and RAD50 Delay but Do Not Prevent Mating-Type Switching in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1994 • 232 citations

Clusters of DNA Damage Induced by Ionizing Radiation: Formation of Short DNA Fragments. II. Experimental Detection

1996 • 229 citations

Yeast histone 2A serine 129 is essential for the efficient repair of checkpoint‐blind DNA damage

2003 • 224 citations

Mammalian Ku86 mediates chromosomal fusions and apoptosis caused by critically short telomeres

2002 • 219 citations

Radiosensitization of human tumor cells by the phosphatidylinositol3-kinase inhibitors wortmannin and LY294002 correlates with inhibition of DNA-dependent protein kinase and prolonged G2-M delay.

1997 • 215 citations

Focusing on Foci: H2AX and the Recruitment of DNA-Damage Response Factors

2003 • 207 citations

XRS2, a DNA repair gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is needed for meiotic recombination.

1992 • 207 citations

UV-induced replication arrest in the xeroderma pigmentosum variant leads to DNA double-strand breaks, γ-H2AX formation, and Mre11 relocalization

2001 • 204 citations

Characterization of ATM Expression, Localization, and Associated DNA-dependent Protein Kinase Activity

1998 • 185 citations

IgH Class Switch Recombination to IgG1 in DNA-PKcs-Deficient B Cells

2002 • 164 citations

S phase specific formation of the human Rad51 protein nuclear foci in lymphocytes.

1996 • 163 citations

Responses to DNA damage and regulation of cell cycle checkpoints by the ATM protein kinase family

1997 • 160 citations

Database of mouse strains carrying targeted mutations in genes affecting biological responses to DNA damage Version 7

2005 • 157 citations

H2A.X. a histone isoprotein with a conserved C-terminal sequence, is encoded by a novel mRNA with both DNA replication type and polyA 3′ processing signals

1989 • 155 citations

Kinetics of DNA Double-strand Break Repair Throughout the Cell Cycle as Assayed by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis in CHO Cells

1991 • 152 citations

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin sensitizes murine fibroblasts and human tumor cells to radiation and blocks induction of p53 following DNA damage.

1996 • 149 citations

Alteration of telomeric sequences and senescence caused by mutations in RAD50 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1997 • 135 citations

A New Method for Introducing Double-Strand Breaks into Cellular DNA

1993 • 128 citations

NFBD1/MDC1 regulates ionizing radiation‐induced focus formation by DNA checkpoint signaling and repair factors

2003 • 124 citations

Wortmannin is a potent inhibitor of DNA double strand break but not single strand break repair in Chinese hamster ovary cells

1996 • 118 citations

DNA-dependent Protein Kinase Activity Is Not Required for Immunoglobulin Class Switching

2002 • 109 citations

c-Jun is phosphorylated by the DNA-dependent protein kinasein vitro; definition of the minimal kinase recognition motif

1993 • 104 citations

Atm Inactivation Results in Aberrant Telomere Clustering during Meiotic Prophase

1999 • 90 citations

Altered Regulation of Cyclin G in Human Breast Cancer and Its Specific Localization at Replication Foci in Response to DNA Damage in p53+/+ Cells

1999 • 89 citations

ATM Mutations in Sporadic Lymphoid Tumours

2002 • 87 citations

Recovery from Radiation Damage in Mouse Lung: Interpretation in Terms of Two Rates of Repair

1993 • 76 citations

A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin induces radioresistant DNA synthesis and sensitizes cells to bleomycin and ionizing radiation

1998 • 75 citations

Wortmannin Inhibits Repair of DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Irradiated Normal Human Cells

1998 • 74 citations

How do meiotic chromosomes meet their homologous partners?: lessons from fission yeast

2001 • 74 citations

Localization and dynamic relocalization of mammalian Rad52 during the cell cycle and in response to DNA damage

1999 • 71 citations

Lack of correlation between ATM protein expression and tumour cell radiosensitivity

1998 • 71 citations

Characterization of cell cycle checkpoint responses after ionizing radiation in Nijmegen breakage syndrome cells.

1998 • 70 citations

Complementation of the Radiosensitive M059J Cell Line

2000 • 64 citations

Histone 1 is proximal to histone 2A and to A24.

1979 • 63 citations

H2AX regulates meiotic telomere clustering

2003 • 60 citations

Repair of Endonuclease-Induced Double-Strand Breaks in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Essential Role for Genes Associated with Nonhomologous End-Joining

1999 • 57 citations

Photobleaching of GFP-labeled H2AX in chromatin: H2AX has low diffusional mobility in the nucleus

2002 • 57 citations

Extended C-terminal tail of wheat histone H2A interacts with DNA of the “linker” region

1991 • 49 citations

11q Deletions in Hematological Malignancies

2001 • 46 citations

Database of mouse strains carrying targeted mutations in genes affecting biological responses to DNA damage Version 5

2003 • 46 citations

A Component of DNA Double-strand Break Repair Is Dependent on the Spatial Orientation of the Lesions within the Higher-order Structures of Chromatin

1994 • 46 citations

Saturation of a DNA Repair Process in Dividing and Nondividing Mammalian Cells

1987 • 42 citations

Saturated and Unsaturated Repair of DNA Strand Breaks in CHO Cells after X-irradiation with Doses Ranging from 3 to 90 Gy

1993 • 28 citations

Use of an immobilized enzyme and specific antibodies to analyse the accessibility and role of histone tails in chromatin structure

1990 • 18 citations

Absence of constitutional H2AX gene mutations in 101 hereditary breast cancer families

2003 • 13 citations