The cognitive functions of language

Thought and language

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Metaphors We Live By

1980 • 17,049 citations

The Selfish Gene

1976 • 10,856 citations

Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes.

1977 • 10,326 citations

The Minimalist Program

1992 • 8,438 citations

The Logic of Scientific Discovery

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Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal about the Mind

1988 • 7,419 citations

Relevance: Communication and Cognition

1986 • 6,606 citations

Perceptual symbol systems

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Speaking: from intention to articulation

1989 • 5,181 citations

Memory and the hippocampus: A synthesis from findings with rats, monkeys, and humans.

1992 • 5,156 citations

Tractatus logico-philosophicus

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The way we think: conceptual blending and the mind's hidden complexities

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Why there are complementary learning systems in the hippocampus and neocortex: Insights from the successes and failures of connectionist models of learning and memory.

1995 • 4,952 citations

Mental Models

1983 • 4,943 citations

The Modularity of Mind.

1985 • 4,919 citations

The Cognitive neurosciences

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Simple Heuristics That Make Us Smart

2000 • 4,276 citations

The Language of Thought

1975 • 4,269 citations

From Neuropsychology to Mental Structure

1988 • 4,037 citations

Individual differences in reasoning: Implications for the rationality debate?

2000 • 3,910 citations

How the Mind Works

1999 • 3,874 citations

Conceptual Change in Childhood

1985 • 3,870 citations

The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition

1999 • 3,741 citations

The Psychological Foundations of Culture

1992 • 3,380 citations

Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the understanding and imitation of action

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THE MAJOR TRANSITIONS OF EVOLUTION

1995 • 3,220 citations

The Language Instinct

1994 • 3,054 citations

Language, Thought, and Reality.

1956 • 2,923 citations

The Poetics of Mind: Figurative Thought, Language, and Understanding

1994 • 2,880 citations

Schema induction and analogical transfer

1983 • 2,853 citations

Integration of Visual and Linguistic Information in Spoken Language Comprehension

1995 • 2,805 citations

Beyond modularity: a developmental perspective on cognitive science

1993 • 2,693 citations

Society of Mind

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The organization of learning

1990 • 2,556 citations

Models of Working Memory: Mechanisms of Active Maintenance and Executive Control

1999 • 2,436 citations

Understanding the Representational Mind

1993 • 2,409 citations

Origins of the modern mind: three stages in the evolution of culture and cognition

1992 • 2,392 citations

Cognitive Adaptations for Social Exchange

1992 • 2,366 citations

Semantics and Cognition.

1985 • 2,318 citations

The varieties of reference

1982 • 2,096 citations

Studies in cognitive growth

1966 • 2,017 citations

Implicit Learning and Tacit Knowledge

2003 • 2,017 citations

The Architecture of the Language Faculty

1998 • 1,947 citations

Reflections on Language

1975 • 1,899 citations

Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes

1998 • 1,898 citations

How Children Learn the Meanings of Words

2000 • 1,883 citations

Image and Mind

1982 • 1,873 citations

Image And Brain

1994 • 1,852 citations

The Child's Theory of Mind

1990 • 1,817 citations

Explaining Culture: A Naturalistic Approach.

1998 • 1,691 citations

Mind and World

1994 • 1,646 citations

Toward a theory of episodic memory: The frontal lobes and autonoetic consciousness.

1997 • 1,616 citations

Philosophy in the flesh

1999 • 1,583 citations

Language and communication

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The essential child: origins of essentialism in everyday thought

2003 • 1,397 citations

What the Mind’s Eye Tells the Mind’s Brain: A Critique of Mental Imagery

1973 • 1,375 citations

Mapping the Mind: Domain Specificity In Cognition And Culture

1994 • 1,369 citations

Preverbal and verbal counting and computation

1992 • 1,344 citations

Working Memory: The Multiple-Component Model

1999 • 1,308 citations

Folk Psychology as Simulation

1986 • 1,274 citations

Children's understanding of counting

1990 • 1,188 citations

Pragmatics, Modularity and Mind‐reading

2002 • 1,185 citations

Words, thoughts, and theories

1997 • 1,177 citations

A purely geometric module in the rat's spatial representation

1986 • 1,162 citations

Interactive memory systems in the human brain

2001 • 1,124 citations

The Analogical Mind

2001 • 1,107 citations

Rationality and reasoning

1997 • 1,102 citations

Who Is Rational?: Studies of individual Differences in Reasoning

1999 • 1,069 citations

Time, rate, and conditioning.

2000 • 1,066 citations

A triple dissociation of memory systems: Hippocampus, amygdala, and dorsal striatum.

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ToMM, ToBY, and Agency: Core architecture and domain specificity

1994 • 1,058 citations

Good-Enough Representations in Language Comprehension

2002 • 1,053 citations

Language Acquisition and Conceptual Development

2001 • 1,044 citations

New Horizons in the Study of Language and Mind

2001 • 1,033 citations

Language and Species

1990 • 980 citations

Human reasoning: the psychology of deduction

1994 • 975 citations

Language and Problems of Knowledge

1987 • 973 citations

Concepts: Where Cognitive Science Went Wrong

2000 • 963 citations

Visuo-spatial Working Memory

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Strangers to Ourselves.

1992 • 939 citations

From “thought and language” to “thinking for speaking”

1996 • 934 citations

Event knowledge : structure and function in development

1986 • 923 citations

The Adapted Mind

1992 • 920 citations

Learning to express motion events in English and Korean: The influence of language-specific lexicalization patterns

1991 • 894 citations

The world on paper: the conceptual and cognitive implications of writing and reading

1995 • 881 citations

Language Comprehension As Structure Building

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How we know our minds: The illusion of first-person knowledge of intentionality

1993 • 876 citations

Genie: A Psycholinguistic Study of a Modern-Day "Wild Child"

1977 • 873 citations

Essentials of Human Memory

1999 • 828 citations

Initial knowledge: six suggestions

1994 • 827 citations

Memory and Working-with-Memory: A Component Process Model Based on Modules and Central Systems

1992 • 819 citations

Language in Cognitive Development: The Emergence of the Mediated Mind

1998 • 814 citations

THE COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE OF CONSTRUCTIVE MEMORY

1998 • 812 citations

The mind doesn't work that way: the scope and limits of computational psychology

2001 • 808 citations

Conditionals: A theory of meaning, pragmatics, and inference.

2002 • 789 citations

Roots of language

1981 • 770 citations

A study in language and cognition.

1954 • 768 citations

Theory of mind in nonhuman primates

1998 • 759 citations

Implicit understanding of belief

1994 • 740 citations

A Mind So Rare: The Evolution of Human Consciousness

2001 • 738 citations

Frames of Reference and Molyneux's Question: Crosslinguistic Evidence

1996 • 727 citations

Origins of the Modern Mind

1992 • 708 citations

First Verbs: A Case Study of Early Grammatical Development

1994 • 705 citations

Folk biology and the anthropology of science: Cognitive universals and cultural particulars

1998 • 700 citations

The work of the imagination

2000 • 699 citations

A geometric process for spatial reorientation in young children

1994 • 693 citations

An essay on belief and acceptance

1993 • 677 citations

Modularity and development: the case of spatial reorientation

1996 • 677 citations

Introduction to Montague semantics

1981 • 674 citations

Turning the tables: language and spatial reasoning

2002 • 663 citations

Toward an Interactive Model of Reading

2013 • 662 citations

Domain-specific knowledge and conceptual change

1994 • 635 citations

The modularity of thought and the epidemiology of representations

1994 • 627 citations

The interpretation of Frege's philosophy

1981 • 625 citations

Kanzi: The Ape at the Brink of the Human Mind

1994 • 619 citations

A theory of implicit and explicit knowledge

1999 • 616 citations

Complements to cognition: a longitudinal study of the relationship between complex syntax and false-belief-understanding

2002 • 615 citations

The effects of statistical training on thinking about everyday problems

1986 • 605 citations

Mind and language

1975 • 593 citations

Sources of Flexibility in Human Cognition: Dual-Task Studies of Space and Language

1999 • 591 citations

Language and human behavior

1996 • 582 citations

Sensory–perceptual episodic memory and its context: autobiographical memory

2001 • 576 citations

Distinct components of spatial learning revealed by prior training and NMDA receptor blockade

1995 • 560 citations

Autobiographical Memory and the Construction of A Narrative Self

2003 • 505 citations

Thinking for Speaking

1987 • 496 citations

Depth of processing in language comprehension: not noticing the evidence

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Language Diversity and Thought: A Reformulation of the Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis.

1993 • 476 citations

Dual processes in reasoning?

1974 • 475 citations

The influence of language on theory of mind: a training study

2003 • 465 citations

The Prehistory of the Mind

1996 • 464 citations

Sentence Perception as an Interactive Parallel Process

1975 • 453 citations

The New Psychology of Language

2017 • 444 citations

The psychology of folk psychology

1993 • 444 citations

A cognitive theory of pretense

2000 • 440 citations

Cognitive Foundations of Natural History

1990 • 439 citations

Life with Two Languages

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Magic words: how language augments human computation

1998 • 424 citations

Archaeology and cognitive evolution

2002 • 424 citations

Neural systems involved in 'theory of mind'

2002 • 423 citations

Origins of analytical philosophy

1995 • 408 citations

The Roots of Reference

1974 • 406 citations

Modularity and cognition

1999 • 403 citations

Phenomenal Consciousness: A Naturalistic Theory

2000 • 400 citations

Cognitive Foundations of Natural History: Towards an Anthropology of Science.

1992 • 391 citations

The role of language in acquiring object kind concepts in infancy

2002 • 381 citations

Early acquisition of verbs in Korean: a cross-linguistic study

1995 • 370 citations

Shake, rattle, ‘n’ roll: the representation of motion in language and cognition

2002 • 368 citations

Representation is representation of similarities

1998 • 355 citations

The Whorfian hypothesis: A cognitive psychology perspective.

1991 • 353 citations

Neural Model of Adaptive Hand-Eye Coordination for Single Postures

1988 • 348 citations

Autobiographical knowledge and autobiographical memories

1996 • 348 citations

Language and number: a bilingual training study

2001 • 347 citations

No interpretation without representation: the role of domain-specific representations and inferences in the Wason selection task

2000 • 346 citations

Signposts to Development: Theory of Mind in Deaf Children

2002 • 346 citations

Language, space, and the development of cognitive flexibility in humans: the case of two spatial memory tasks

2001 • 344 citations

Species of mind: the philosophy and biology of cognitive ethology

1998 • 344 citations

Levels of stimulus control: A functional approach

1990 • 336 citations

The Mind's Past

1998 • 331 citations

Thinking Without Words

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Lexical and conceptual memory in the bilingual: mapping form to meaning in two languages

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Connectionism and Cognitive Architecture

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Language-dependent recall of autobiographical memories.

2000 • 310 citations

The Neuropsychology of Autobiographical Memory

2003 • 301 citations

Dynamic Model of Visual Recognition Predicts Neural Response Properties in the Visual Cortex

1997 • 301 citations

Inner Speech and Thought

1973 • 300 citations

The Search for Simplicity: A Fundamental Cognitive Principle?

1999 • 296 citations

Thought and Talk

2001 • 294 citations

Representing Inner Worlds: Theory of Mind in Autistic, Deaf, and Normal Hearing Children

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Cognition and tool use: the blacksmith at work

1997 • 284 citations

From outer to inner space: linguistic categories and nonlinguistic thinking

1997 • 283 citations

The Poverty of the Stimulus Argument

2001 • 278 citations

Toddlers' Use of Metric Information and Landmarks to Reorient

2001 • 277 citations

The Linguistic Shaping of Thought: A Study in the Impact of Language on Thinking in China and the West

1981 • 266 citations

LANGUAGE AND THOUGHT ONLINE: COGNITIVE CONSEQUENCES OF LINGUISTIC RELATIVITY

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The Art of Tracking. The Origin of Science

1990 • 255 citations

Untitled

2001 • 254 citations

Unique and Redundant Connexin Contributions to Lens Development

2002 • 243 citations

Representations, Targets, and Attitudes

1999 • 242 citations

The Mind of a Savant: Language Learning and Modularity

1997 • 241 citations

Children's Use of Landmarks: Implications for Modularity Theory

2002 • 241 citations

Pigeons' (Columba livia) encoding of geometric and featural properties of a spatial environment.

1998 • 236 citations

Modularity and spatial reorientation in a simple mind: encoding of geometric and nongeometric properties of a spatial environment by fish

2002 • 232 citations

Against Logicist Cognitive Science

1991 • 230 citations

Evolved mechanisms underlying wayfinding

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PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX INFLUENCES ON THE DESCENDING AND ASCENDING SYSTEMS

1997 • 225 citations

Languages of the mind: essays on mental representation

1993 • 219 citations

Private Speech

2014 • 218 citations

Evolution, communication and the proper function of language

2000 • 218 citations

Homing with locale, taxon, and dead reckoning strategies by foraging rats: sensory hierarchy in spatial navigation

1999 • 214 citations

The atoms of language

2002 • 212 citations

The Influence of Shape Similarity and Shared Labels on Infants’ Inductive Inferences about Nonobvious Object Properties

2001 • 211 citations

How language helps us think

1996 • 209 citations

What counts: how every brain is hardwired for math

2000 • 209 citations

In Defense of Massive Modularity

2002 • 208 citations

Folk physics for apes

2000 • 205 citations

The Process of Retrieval from Very Long‐Term Memory

1981 • 202 citations

Figurative Language and Thought

1998 • 200 citations

Quantity-based interference and symbolic representations in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).

1996 • 198 citations

Replication and Functionalism

2003 • 193 citations

Desires, beliefs, and language

1996 • 191 citations

Contemporary philosophy of mind

1982 • 187 citations

Bilingual Autobiographical Memory: Experimental Studies and Clinical Cases

2000 • 187 citations

Language, thought, and consciousness

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Landmark stability is a prerequisite for spatial but not discrimination learning

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Sampling Normal and Schizophrenic Inner Experience

1990 • 177 citations

The philosophy of psychology

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Inductive reasoning: Competence or skill?

1983 • 170 citations

Vygotsky and Cognitive Science

1997 • 167 citations

Bilingual Autobiographical Memory in Older Adult Immigrants: A Test of Cognitive Explanations of the Reminiscence Bump and the Linguistic Encoding of Memories

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Neurological basis of language and sequential cognition: Evidence from simulation, aphasia, and ERP studies

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The thinking ape

1996 • 155 citations

Entering a Community of Minds: An Experiential Approach to ‘Theory of Mind’

2003 • 142 citations

Perseveration, inhibition and the prefrontal cortex: a new look

1999 • 141 citations

Cognitive Psychophysiology: Principles of Covert Behavior

1980 • 139 citations

Thoughtful Foragers: A Study of Prehistoric Decision Making

1992 • 138 citations

Intelligence by design: principles of modularity and coordination for engineering complex adaptive agents

2001 • 136 citations

Cross-linguistic differences in early semantic and cognitive development

1996 • 135 citations

Initial knowledge and conceptual change: space and number

2001 • 134 citations

Is thinking merely the action of language mechanisms?

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Nouns in early lexicons: evidence, explanations and implications

1993 • 133 citations

The Replacement of General-Purpose Learning Models with Adaptively Specialized Learning Modules

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Causal Cognition and Goal-Directed Action

2000 • 127 citations

Internal languages of retrieval: The bilingual encoding of memories for the personal past

2000 • 127 citations

The Emergence of Language From Embodiment

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Lingua ex Machina

2000 • 119 citations

Linguistically Mediated Visual Search

2001 • 119 citations

The neural basis of predicate-argument structure

2003 • 114 citations

Inner speech and bilingual autobiographical memory: A Polish-Danish cross-cultural study

2002 • 111 citations

Cross-paradigm analysis of autonomous agent architecture

2000 • 111 citations

Awareness and self-perception: Verbal reports on internal states.

1981 • 108 citations

Severe Impairment in Grammar Does Not Preclude Theory of Mind

2001 • 108 citations

Plasticity, localization, and language development.

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Instrumental action and causal representation

1996 • 104 citations

The meta-intentional nature of executive functions and theory of mind

1998 • 101 citations

Landmark Stability: Studies Exploring Whether the Perceived Stability of the Environment Influences Spatial Representation

1996 • 99 citations

The Character of Natural Language Semantics

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Without Good Reason

1996 • 94 citations

How can mental models theory account for content effects in conditional reasoning? A developmental perspective

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Rationality In An Uncertain World: Essays In The Cognitive Science Of Human Understanding

1998 • 90 citations

Wolf Children and the Problem of Human Nature.

1973 • 88 citations

Object perception, object-directed action, and physical knowledge in infancy

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A framework for analysing prehistoric stone tool manufacture and a tentative application to some early stone industries

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Conditional genome alteration in mice

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Language-dependent classification: The mental representation of classifiers in cognition, memory, and ad evaluations.

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taskonomy: a practical approach to knowledge structures

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Words without Meaning

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Symmetry and the evolution of the modular linguistic mind

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9. Imagery and Artificial Intelligence

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ERP analysis of cognitive sequencing

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Thinking in language? Evolution and a modularist possibility

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Beginnings of a Theory of Autobiographical Remembering

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Mind and mechanism

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A puzzling element in the notion of thinking

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Conscious Thinking: Language or Elimination?

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A Man Without Words

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The roots of scientific reasoning: infancy, modularity and the art of tracking

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Learning and Recall in Bilinguals

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Theory Theory to the Max

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Confessions of a philosopher

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From universal to language-specific in early grammatical development

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How domain-general processes may create domain-specific biases

2001 • 46 citations

Individual differences in early understanding of mind: genes, non-shared environment and modularity

2000 • 45 citations

Complementing Cognition: The Relationship between Language and Theory of Mind

1997 • 45 citations

Training with cognitive sequences improves syntactic comprehension in agrammatic aphasics

2003 • 44 citations

A processing theory of alexithymia

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Chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes) Recognize Spatial and Object Correspondences Between a Scale Model and Its Referent

2002 • 39 citations

Language for thought: Coming to understand false beliefs

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The Unique Vector Constraint: The Impact of Direction Changes on the Linguistic Segmentation of Motion Events

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A matter of opinion

1998 • 35 citations

Language and the evolution of mind-reading

1996 • 33 citations

Learning and Emotion: A Biological Synthesis

1986 • 31 citations

Connectionism and the problem of systematicity

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Finding a goal on dry land and in the water: differential effects of disorientation on spatial learning

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The function of language classification in behavior

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Auditory hallucinations in polyglots.

1971 • 26 citations

Radical connectionism: thinking with (not in) language

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Recovery of food-taking in cats after lesions of the corticospinal (complete) and rubrospinal (complete and incomplete) tracts

2000 • 25 citations

The Basal Ganglia viewed as an Action Selection Device

1998 • 21 citations

Science without grammar: scientific reasoning in severe agrammatic aphasia

2002 • 21 citations

The Case for Saltational Events in Human Evolution

2004 • 21 citations

Natural language and virtual belief

1998 • 19 citations

From Protolanguage to Language

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The double life of a bilingual

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Some thoughts about the evolution of LADS, with special reference to TOM and SAM

1998 • 14 citations

Anticholinergic psychosis in a bilingual: a case study

1977 • 13 citations

LEARNING AND EMOTION(1)

1958 • 12 citations

The transformation of association cortex into sensory cortex

1999 • 9 citations

Anti-Anti-Cartesianism: Reply to Suart Shanker

2001 • 3 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations