Exercise: a behavioral intervention to enhance brain health and plasticity

The Principles of Psychology

1890 • 14,029 citations

Running increases cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the adult mouse dentate gyrus

1999 • 3,805 citations

Running enhances neurogenesis, learning, and long-term potentiation in mice

1999 • 2,829 citations

Neural consequences of enviromental enrichment

2000 • 2,376 citations

Regulation of BDNF and trkB mRNA in rat brain by chronic electroconvulsive seizure and antidepressant drug treatments

1995 • 2,090 citations

Hippocampal electrical activity and voluntary movement in the rat

1969 • 1,915 citations

Physical Activity and Risk of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Elderly Persons

2001 • 1,518 citations

NEUROTROPHINS AND SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY

1999 • 1,343 citations

Why Stress Is Bad for Your Brain

1996 • 1,302 citations

Stress induces atrophy of apical dendrites of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons

1992 • 1,215 citations

Learning causes synaptogenesis, whereas motor activity causes angiogenesis, in cerebellar cortex of adult rats.

1990 • 1,142 citations

Exposure to excess glucocorticoids alters dendritic morphology of adult hippocampal pyramidal neurons

1990 • 1,013 citations

Adult neurogenesis is regulated by adrenal steroids in the dentate gyrus

1994 • 986 citations

Estrogen Stimulates a Transient Increase in the Number of New Neurons in the Dentate Gyrus of the Adult Female Rat

1999 • 958 citations

Physical activity increases mRNA for brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor in rat brain

1996 • 943 citations

Neuroprotection by estradiol

2001 • 922 citations

Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Activates a Latent Neurogenic Program in Neural Stem Cells from Diverse Regions of the Adult CNS

1999 • 916 citations

Peripheral Infusion of IGF-I Selectively Induces Neurogenesis in the Adult Rat Hippocampus

2000 • 838 citations

Regulation of adult neurogenesis by excitatory input and NMDA receptor activation in the dentate gyrus

1995 • 738 citations

Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Mediates Effects of Exercise on the Brain

2000 • 734 citations

Environmental enrichment inhibits spontaneous apoptosis, prevents seizures and is neuroprotective

1999 • 733 citations

The neurotrophin hypothesis for synaptic plasticity

2000 • 729 citations

Adrenal hormones suppress cell division in the adult rat dentate gyrus

1992 • 638 citations

Enriched Rehabilitative Training Promotes Improved Forelimb Motor Function and Enhanced Dendritic Growth after Focal Ischemic Injury

2001 • 605 citations

Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Mediates the Protective Effects of Physical Exercise against Brain Insults of Different Etiology and Anatomy

2001 • 593 citations

Neurotrophins and brain insults

1994 • 564 citations

High, usual and impaired functioning in community-dwelling older men and women: Findings from the MacArthur Foundation Research Network on successful aging

1993 • 509 citations

The effect of exercise on depression, anxiety and other mood states: A review

1993 • 509 citations

Hippocampal theta activity following selective lesion of the septal cholinergic systeM

1994 • 505 citations

FGF-2 regulation of neurogenesis in adult hippocampus after brain injury

2001 • 451 citations

Patients with Alzheimer's disease have reduced activities in midlife compared with healthy control-group members

2001 • 431 citations

The effect of ovariectomy and estradiol replacement on brain-derived neurotrophic factor messenger ribonucleic acid expression in cortical and hippocampal brain regions of female Sprague-Dawley rats.

1995 • 422 citations

Exercise, Antidepressant Medications, and Enhanced Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression

1999 • 405 citations

Exercise and the Brain: Angiogenesis in the Adult Rat Cerebellum after Vigorous Physical Activity and Motor Skill Learning

1992 • 395 citations

After Reaching Retirement Age Physical Activity Sustains Cerebral Perfusion and Cognition

1990 • 369 citations

Activity-Dependent Transfer of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor to Postsynaptic Neurons

2001 • 366 citations

Insulin-like growth factors cross the blood-brain barrier.

1994 • 364 citations

Differential regulation by exercise of BDNF and NT‐3 in rat spinal cord and skeletal muscle

2001 • 357 citations

Forced Limb-Use Effects on the Behavioral and Neurochemical Effects of 6-Hydroxydopamine

2001 • 355 citations

Physical activity–antidepressant treatment combination: impact on brain-derived neurotrophic factor and behavior in an animal model

2001 • 343 citations

Short-term glucocorticoid manipulations affect neuronal morphology and survival in the adult dentate gyrus

1990 • 336 citations

Effects of Exercise on Gene-Expression Profile in the Rat Hippocampus

2001 • 329 citations

Estrogen and exercise interact to regulate brain‐derived neurotrophic factor mRNA and protein expression in the hippocampus

2001 • 324 citations

Neurotrophin trafficking by anterograde transport

1998 • 317 citations

Positive Feedback between Acetylcholine and the Neurotrophins Nerve Growth Factor and Brain‐derived Neurotrophic Factor in the Rat Hippocampus

1994 • 301 citations

Neurotrophins: a family of proteins supporting the survival of neurons.

1994 • 290 citations

Physical exercise induces FGF-2 and its mRNA in the hippocampus

1997 • 286 citations

Insulin-like growth factor-1 ameliorates age-related behavioral deficits

1998 • 271 citations

Acute effect of brief low- and high-intensity exercise on circulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I, II, and IGF-binding protein-3 and its proteolysis in young healthy men.

1996 • 264 citations

Corticosterone Effects on BDNF Expression in the Hippocampus Implications for Memory Formation

2000 • 263 citations

Structural Synaptic Modifications Associated with Hippocampal LTP and Behavioral Learning

2000 • 261 citations

Neurotrophins and hippocampal synaptic transmission and plasticity

1999 • 253 citations

Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Is a Differentiation Factor for Postmitotic CNS Stem Cell-Derived Neuronal Precursors: Distinct Actions from Those of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor

1998 • 245 citations

Estrogens: Trophic and Protective Factors in the Adult Brain

2001 • 232 citations

Learning upregulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor messenger ribonucleic acid: A mechanism to facilitate encoding and circuit maintenance?

1998 • 228 citations

The Impact of Long-term Exercise Training on Psychological Function in Older Adults

1993 • 212 citations

Reduced mortality and brain damage after locomotor activity in gerbil forebrain ischemia.

1994 • 206 citations

Trophic regulation of synaptic plasticity

1999 • 187 citations

The Role of the Septohippocampal Pathway in the Regulation of Hippocampal Field Activity and Behavior: Analysis by the Intraseptal Microinfusion of Carbachol, Atropine, and Procaine

1993 • 145 citations

BDNF upregulation during declarative memory formation in monkey inferior temporal cortex

2000 • 130 citations

Administration of a cAMP Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor Enhances Antidepressant-Induction of BDNF mRNA in Rat Hippocampus

2000 • 109 citations

Environmental enrichment and postnatal handling prevent spatial learning deficits in aged hypoemotional (Roman high-avoidance) and hyperemotional (Roman low-avoidance) rats.

1995 • 100 citations

Depth profiles of hippocampal rhythmic slow activity (‘theta rhythm’) depend on behaviour

1985 • 88 citations

Cholinergic regulation of hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA expression: Evidence from lesion and chronic cholinergic drug treatment studies

1993 • 83 citations

Genetic analysis of learning behavior-induced structural plasticity

2000 • 77 citations

Effects of Physical Conditioning on Information-Processing Efficiency

1987 • 58 citations

Effects of cholinergic denervation on seizure development and neurotrophin messenger RNA regulation in rapid hippocampal kindling

1997 • 55 citations