To E or not to E?Can an IL-4-Induced B Cell Choose between IgE and IgG4?

Exaptation—a Missing Term in the Science of Form

1982 • 4,836 citations

IgE production by normal human lymphocytes is induced by interleukin 4 and suppressed by interferons gamma and alpha and prostaglandin E2.

1988 • 939 citations

B cell stimulatory factor-1 enhances the IgE response of lipopolysaccharide-activated B cells.

1986 • 797 citations

Serologic aspects of IgG4 antibodies. I. Prolonged immunization results in an IgG4-restricted response.

1983 • 727 citations

Immunoglobulin class switching

1996 • 446 citations

Structure and expression of germline epsilon transcripts in human B cells induced by interleukin 4 to switch to IgE production.

1990 • 353 citations

Specificity of immunoglobulin heavy chain switch correlates with activity of germline heavy chain genes prior to switching.

1986 • 344 citations

Shutdown of Class Switch Recombination by Deletion of a Switch Region Control Element

1993 • 340 citations

Human B cell clones can be induced to proliferate and to switch to IgE and IgG4 synthesis by interleukin 4 and a signal provided by activated CD4+ T cell clones.

1991 • 333 citations

Interleukin 4 induces synthesis of IgE and IgG4 in human B cells

1989 • 300 citations

Immunoglobulin heavy-chain switching may be directed by prior induction of transcripts from constant-region genes.

1988 • 285 citations

A class switch control region at the 3′ end of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus

1994 • 267 citations

Prominence of IgG4 in the IgG antibody response to human filariasis.

1985 • 263 citations

Switch Transcripts in Immunoglobulin Class Switching

1995 • 248 citations

Control of allergic reactivity in human filariasis. Predominant localization of blocking antibody to the IgG4 subclass.

1992 • 223 citations

The Immunoglobulin Class Switch: Beyond “Accessibility”

1997 • 217 citations

S region transcription per se promotes basal IgE class switch recombination but additional factors regulate the efficiency of the process.

1994 • 214 citations

A selective defect in IgG2b switching as a result of targeted mutation of the I gamma 2b promoter and exon.

1993 • 206 citations

Differential expression of IgE and IgG4 specific antibody responses in asymptomatic and chronic human filariasis.

1993 • 191 citations

Serologic aspects of IgG4 antibodies. II. IgG4 antibodies form small, nonprecipitating immune complexes due to functional monovalency.

1986 • 181 citations

Molecular analysis of the induction of immunoglobulin E synthesis in human B cells by interleukin 4 and engagement of CD40 antigen.

1992 • 143 citations

IL-4 plus CD40 monoclonal antibody induces human B cells gamma subclass-specific isotype switch: switching to gamma 1, gamma 3, and gamma 4, but not gamma 2.

1995 • 137 citations

IgE responses in human filariasis. IV. Parallel antigen recognition by IgE and IgG4 subclass antibodies.

1986 • 129 citations

Regulation of C gamma subclass germ-line transcripts in human peripheral blood B cells.

1993 • 117 citations

Replacement of germ-line epsilon promoter by gene targeting alters control of immunoglobulin heavy chain class switching.

1993 • 114 citations

Sequential switching from mu to epsilon via gamma 4 in human B cells stimulated with IL-4 and hydrocortisone.

1993 • 109 citations

Cooperation of binding sites for STAT6 and NF kappa B/rel in the IL-4-induced up-regulation of the human IgE germline promoter.

1997 • 107 citations

Sequences of human immunoglobulin switch regions: implications for recombination and transcription

1990 • 105 citations

Strong serum inhibition of specific IgE correlated to competing IgG4, revealed by a new methodology in subjects from a S. mansoni endemic area

1992 • 93 citations

IgA class switch in I alpha exon-deficient mice. Role of germline transcription in class switch recombination.

1996 • 90 citations

Switch circles from IL-4-directed epsilon class switching from human B lymphocytes. Evidence for direct, sequential, and multiple step sequential switch from mu to epsilon Ig heavy chain gene.

1994 • 88 citations

Ligation of CD40 induces sterile transcripts of multiple Ig H chain isotypes in human B cells.

1994 • 86 citations

Human Ig S gamma regions and their participation in sequential switching to IgE.

1995 • 78 citations

Induction of germ-line and mature C epsilon transcripts in human B cells stimulated with rIL-4 and EBV.

1990 • 77 citations

Production of sterile transcripts of C_γ genes in an IgM-producing human neoplastic B cell line that switches to IgG-producing cells

1989 • 74 citations

The transcription factor B cell-specific activator protein (BSAP) enhances both IL-4- and CD40-mediated activation of the human epsilon germline promoter.

1997 • 69 citations

Induction of interleukin-4-dependent IgE synthesis and interleukin-5-dependent eosinophil differentiation by supernatants of a human helper T-cell clone

1988 • 62 citations

A bifunctional control element in the human IgE germline promoter involved in repression and IL-4 activation

1994 • 44 citations

Use of monoclonal antibodies to quantify subclasses of human IgG

1986 • 26 citations

IgE regulation : molecular mechanisms

1997 • 24 citations