Antiarrhythmic drug action. Blockade of the inward sodium current.

A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve

1952 • 21,965 citations

Local anesthetics: hydrophilic and hydrophobic pathways for the drug-receptor reaction.

1977 • 1,746 citations

Reconstruction of the action potential of ventricular myocardial fibres

1977 • 1,418 citations

Time- and voltage-dependent interactions of antiarrhythmic drugs with cardiac sodium channels

1977 • 899 citations

The effect of the cardiac membrane potential on the rapid availability of the sodium‐carrying system

1955 • 763 citations

The Inhibition of Sodium Currents in Myelinated Nerve by Quaternary Derivatives of Lidocaine

1973 • 660 citations

Reconstruction of the electrical activity of cardiac Purkinje fibres.

1975 • 562 citations

The kinetics and rectifier properties of the slow potassium current in cardiac Purkinje fibres

1968 • 488 citations

Outward membrane currents activated in the plateau range of potentials in cardiac Purkinje fibres

1969 • 462 citations

Mechanism of frequency-dependent inhibition of sodium currents in frog myelinated nerve by the lidocaine derivative GEA.

1975 • 387 citations

Mechanisms of use-dependent block of sodium channels in excitable membranes by local anesthetics

1984 • 333 citations

Slow recovery from inactivation of inward currents in mammalian myocardial fibres

1974 • 325 citations

Sodium current in single rat heart muscle cells.

1981 • 324 citations

Kinetics of onset of rate-dependent effects of Class I antiarrhythmic drugs are important in determining their effects on refractoriness in guinea-pig ventricle, and provide a theoretical basis for their subclassification

1983 • 279 citations

Heart: Excitation and Contraction

1971 • 277 citations

Calcium currents of isolated bovine ventricular myocytes are fast and of large amplitude

1982 • 276 citations

The pH-dependent rate of action of local anesthetics on the node of Ranvier.

1977 • 274 citations

Time Course of TEA+-Induced Anomalous Rectification in Squid Giant Axons

1966 • 272 citations

Local anesthetics. Effect of pH on use-dependent block of sodium channels in frog muscle

1977 • 256 citations

Fast sodium current in cardiac muscle. A quantitative description

1980 • 253 citations

Local anesthetic block of sodium channels in normal and pronase-treated squid giant axons

1978 • 204 citations

Inhibition of sodium currents in frog ranvier node treated with local anesthetics Role of slow sodium inactivation

1976 • 200 citations

Interactions between quaternary lidocaine, the sodium channel gates, and tetrodotoxin

1979 • 197 citations

Sodium channels in cultured cardiac cells.

1983 • 173 citations

Analytical models of propagation in excitable cells

1976 • 166 citations

Voltage clamp measurements of sodium channel properties in rabbit cardiac Purkinje fibres.

1980 • 154 citations

The differential effect of quinidine and pyrilamine on the myocardial action potential at various rates of stimulation.

1957 • 150 citations

Kinetic analysis of pancuronium interaction with sodium channels in squid axon membranes.

1977 • 144 citations

Interval-dependent effects of small antiarrhythmic drugs on excitability of guinea-pig myocardium

1980 • 138 citations

Sodium current depression by lidocaine and quinidine in isolated ventricular cells

1981 • 124 citations

The initial inward current in spherical clusters of chick embryonic heart cells.

1980 • 123 citations

Amiodarone blocks inactivated cardiac sodium channels

1983 • 120 citations

Voltage- and time-dependent depression of maximum rate of depolarisation of guinea-pig ventricular action potentials by two new antiarrhythmic drugs, flecainide and lorcainide

1983 • 117 citations

Mechanism of action of antifibrillatory drugs

1971 • 116 citations

Voltage clamp and internal perfusion of single rat heart muscle cells.

1981 • 113 citations

The effect of bretylium tosylate on the electrophysiologic properties of ventricular muscle and purkinje fibers

1971 • 112 citations

Resting and Rate-Dependent Depression of Maximum Rate of Depolarisation (Vmax) in Guinea Pig Ventricular Action Potentials by Mexiletine, Disopyramide, and Encainide

1983 • 99 citations

Kinetics of Na inactivation in frog atria

1971 • 93 citations

Importance of physico‐chemical properties in determining the kinetics of the effects of Class I antiarrhythmic drugs on maximum rate of depolarization in guinea‐pig ventricle

1983 • 86 citations

Detection of K+ and Cl− channels from calf cardiac sarcolemma in planar lipid bilayer membranes

1982 • 82 citations

The relation of Vmax to INa, GNa, and h infinity in a model of the cardiac Purkinje fiber

1979 • 81 citations

The voltage clamp of multicellular preparations

1978 • 81 citations

Electrophysiologic effects of bretylium tosylate on single fibers of the canine specialized conducting system and ventricle.

1970 • 81 citations

Lidocaine-induced heart block in patients with bundle branch block

1974 • 78 citations

Inhibiton of $$\dot V_{\max } $$ of the action potential by propafenone and its voltage-, time- and pH-dependence in mammalian ventricular myocardium

1980 • 77 citations

Some fundamental actions of antiarrhythmic drugs on the excitability and the contractility of single myocardial fibers

1971 • 77 citations

On the voltage-dependent action of tetrodotoxin

1977 • 75 citations

The Influence of External Potassium on the Inactivation of Sodium Currents in the Giant Axon of the Squid, Loligo pealei

1969 • 74 citations

Voltage clamping of multicellular myocardial preparations: Capabilities and limitations of existing methods

1979 • 73 citations

Sodium inactivation and drug-induced immobilization of the gating charge in nerve membrane

1981 • 67 citations

Effects of tocainide and lidocaine on the transmembrane action potentials as related to external potassium and calcium concentrations in guinea-pig papillary muscles

1980 • 66 citations

Tonic and phasicI Na blockade by antiarrhythmics

1983 • 63 citations

Antiarrhythmic drug action: Selective depression of hypoxic cardiac cells

1974 • 61 citations

Characterization of the fast sodium current in isolated rat myocardial cells: simulation of the clamped membrane potential.

1982 • 59 citations

Electrophysiological Actions of Diphenylhydantoin on Rabbit Atria

1970 • 55 citations

The dependence of the maximum rate of rise of the action potential upstroke on membrane properties

1981 • 51 citations

Electrical properties associated with wide intercellular clefts in rabbit Purkinje fibres.

1979 • 45 citations

LOCAL ANESTHETIC ACTION ON INACTIVATION OF THE Na CHANNEL IN NERVE AND SKELETAL MUSCLE: POSSIBLE MECHANISMS FOR ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENTS

1978 • 43 citations

Slow recovery of the maximal rate of rise ( $$\dot V_{max} $$ ) of the action potential in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibers

1982 • 43 citations

Effects of therapeutic concentrations of diphenylhydantoin on transmembrane potentials of normal and depressed Purkinje fibers.

1976 • 42 citations

Effect of procainamide on transmembrane action potentials in guinea-pig papillary muscles as affected by external potassium concentration

1979 • 41 citations

Effects of Mexiletine on Steady-State Characteristics an Recovery Kinetics of &OV0312;max and Conduction Velocity in Guinea Pig Myocardium

1982 • 35 citations

A quantitative analysis of the Na+-dependence of $$\dot V_{max} $$ of the fast action potential in mammalian ventricular myocardium

1982 • 34 citations

Quantifying antiarrhythmic drug blocking during action potentials in guinea-pig papillary muscle

1983 • 34 citations

Effects of various structurally related beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents on maximum upstroke velocity of action potential in guinea-pig papillary muscles

1981 • 34 citations

Experimental study of the conducted action potential in cardiac Purkinje strands

1983 • 33 citations

Fast frequency-dependent block of action potential upstroke in rabbit atrium by small local anesthetics

1979 • 32 citations

An Analysis of the Striated Muscle Fiber Action Current

1964 • 31 citations

Effects of lidocaine, phenytoin and quinidine on the ischemic canine myocardium

1976 • 28 citations

A pharmacological approach to the structure of the Na channel in squid axon.

1982 • 25 citations

A Note on the Reactivation of the Fast Sodium Current in Spherical Clusters of Embryonic Chick Heart Cells

1983 • 24 citations

Effects of disopyramide on transmembrane action potentials in guinea-pig papillary muscles

1981 • 18 citations

Time-independent effects on cardiac action potential upstroke velocity (resting block) and lipid solubility of beta adrenergic blockers

1981 • 18 citations

Effect of phenytoin on the sodium current in isolated rat ventricular cells

1983 • 17 citations

Effects of droperidol on depolarization-induced automaticity, maximum upstroke velocity (Vmax) and the kinetics of recovery of Vmax in guinea-pig ventricular myocardium.

1978 • 13 citations

Effect of lidocaine on fast and slow inactivation of sodium current in rat ventricular cells.

1982 • 10 citations

Sodium Current in Single Internally Perfused Myocardial Cells

1982 • 7 citations

Selective depression of 2,4-dinitrophenol depolarized canine Purkinje fibers by lidocaine

1980 • 4 citations

Interaction of lidocaine and calcium on the electrical characteristics of rabbit atria.

1979 • 4 citations