The role of spreading depression, spreading depolarization and spreading ischemia in neurological disease

SPREADING DEPRESSION OF ACTIVITY IN THE CEREBRAL CORTEX

1944 • 2,580 citations

Cellular energy utilization and molecular origin of standard metabolic rate in mammals

1997 • 1,855 citations

Mechanisms of migraine aura revealed by functional MRI in human visual cortex

2001 • 1,425 citations

Viability thresholds and the penumbra of focal ischemia

1994 • 1,358 citations

Subarachnoid haemorrhage: diagnosis, causes and management

2001 • 1,308 citations

Pathophysiology of the migraine aura

1994 • 1,120 citations

Glutamate release in severe brain ischaemia is mainly by reversed uptake

2000 • 1,105 citations

Neuroprotection in Ischemia

2004 • 996 citations

Haploinsufficiency of ATP1A2 encoding the Na+/K+ pump α2 subunit associated with familial hemiplegic migraine type 2

2003 • 937 citations

The neural basis of functional brain imaging signals

2002 • 927 citations

FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE SPREADING DEPRESSION OF ACTIVITY IN THE CEREBRAL CORTEX

1947 • 906 citations

Calcium transients in astrocyte endfeet cause cerebrovascular constrictions

2004 • 857 citations

Central nervous system injury-induced immune deficiency syndrome

2005 • 856 citations

Focal hyperemia followed by spreading oligemia and impaired activation of rcbf in classic migraine

1981 • 851 citations

A Cacna1a Knockin Migraine Mouse Model with Increased Susceptibility to Cortical Spreading Depression

2004 • 670 citations

Bilateral Spreading Cerebral Hypoperfusion during Spontaneous Migraine Headache

1994 • 598 citations

A new penumbra: transitioning from injury into repair after stroke

2008 • 579 citations

The International Classification of Headache Disorders (2nd ed.)

2004 • 568 citations

Ischemia Opens Neuronal Gap Junction Hemichannels

2006 • 558 citations

Delayed ischaemic neurological deficits after subarachnoid haemorrhage are associated with clusters of spreading depolarizations

2006 • 549 citations

Cortical spreading ischaemia is a novel process involved in ischaemic damage in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage

2009 • 516 citations

Cortical spreading depression causes and coincides with tissue hypoxia

2007 • 444 citations

Astrocytes and the regulation of cerebral blood flow

2009 • 431 citations

Spreading and Synchronous Depressions of Cortical Activity in Acutely Injured Human Brain

2002 • 423 citations

Cortical spreading depression and peri-infarct depolarization in acutely injured human cerebral cortex

2005 • 418 citations

Spreading depolarizations occur in human ischemic stroke with high incidence

2008 • 408 citations

Energy-Efficient Action Potentials in Hippocampal Mossy Fibers

2009 • 403 citations

Correlation between periinfarct DC shifts and ischaemic neuronal damage in rat

1993 • 400 citations

Extracellular ionic variations during spreading depression

1978 • 387 citations

Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: the emerging revolution

2007 • 378 citations

Spreading depression is not associated with neuronal injury in the normal brain

1988 • 365 citations

Ceiling of stimulus induced rises in extracellular potassium concentration in the cerebral cortex of cat

1977 • 361 citations

Apoptosis and Necrosis after Reversible Focal Ischemia: An in Situ DNA Fragmentation Analysis

1996 • 339 citations

Cardiac Troponin Elevation, Cardiovascular Morbidity, and Outcome After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

2005 • 337 citations

Vasoconstrictive Neurovascular Coupling during Focal Ischemic Depolarizations

2005 • 305 citations

Microemboli may link spreading depression, migraine aura, and patent foramen ovale

2009 • 300 citations

Extracellular pH Changes during Spreading Depression and Cerebral Ischemia: Mechanisms of Brain pH Regulation

1984 • 299 citations

PROPAGATION OF SPREADING CORTICAL DEPRESSION

1945 • 287 citations

Nitric Oxide Scavenging by Hemoglobin or Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition by N-Nitro-L-Arginine Induces Cortical Spreading Ischemia When K⁺ Is Increased in the Subarachnoid Space

1998 • 284 citations

Cortical spreading depression recorded from the human brain using a multiparametric monitoring system

1996 • 277 citations

Products of hemolysis in the subarachnoid space inducing spreading ischemia in the cortex and focal necrosis in rats: a model for delayed ischemic neurological deficits after subarachnoid hemorrhage?

2000 • 256 citations

The role of spreading depression in focal ischemia evaluated bv dffusion mapping

1996 • 242 citations

Perspectives on spreading depression

2000 • 242 citations

The effect of depressing glial function in rat brain in situ on ion homeostasis, synaptic transmission, and neuron survival

1996 • 230 citations

Persistent Increase in Oxygen Consumption and Impaired Neurovascular Coupling after Spreading Depression in Rat Neocortex

2009 • 217 citations

Association of seizures with cortical spreading depression and peri-infarct depolarisations in the acutely injured human brain

2008 • 213 citations

Epileptiform activity induced by low extracellular magnesium in the human cortex maintained in vitro

1991 • 211 citations

Delayed Secondary Phase of Peri-Infarct Depolarizations after Focal Cerebral Ischemia: Relation to Infarct Growth and Neuroprotection

2003 • 207 citations

Ions in the Brain

2004 • 207 citations

Peri-infarct depolarizations lead to loss of perfusion in ischaemic gyrencephalic cerebral cortex

2006 • 206 citations

Spreading Depolarizations and Late Secondary Insults after Traumatic Brain Injury

2009 • 191 citations

Cortical Spreading Depression Protects against Subsequent Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats

1996 • 169 citations

Conditions for the Triggering of Spreading Depression Studied With Computer Simulations

2002 • 167 citations

Correlation between tissue depolarizations and damage in focal ischemic rat brain1Published on the World Wide Web on 12 July 1999.1

1999 • 157 citations

Dynamic Changes in Brain Glucose and Lactate in Pericontusional Areas of the Human Cerebral Cortex, Monitored with Rapid Sampling On-Line Microdialysis: Relationship with Depolarisation-Like Events

2005 • 152 citations

Ion changes in spreading ischaemia induce rat middle cerebral artery constriction in the absence of NO

2005 • 120 citations

Preliminary Evidence That Ketamine Inhibits Spreading Depolarizations in Acute Human Brain Injury

2009 • 117 citations

Enhanced Spontaneous Transmitter Release Is the Earliest Consequence of Neocortical Hypoxia That Can Explain the Disruption of Normal Circuit Function

2001 • 114 citations

Cortical Spreading Depression is Associated with Arachidonic Acid Accumulation and Preservation of Energy Charge

1990 • 108 citations

Similar Propagation of SD and Hypoxic SD-Like Depolarization in Rat Hippocampus Recorded Optically and Electrically

1998 • 105 citations

Membrane currents in CA1 pyramidal cells during spreading depression (SD) and SD-like hypoxic depolarization

1993 • 104 citations

Reduction of Infarct Volume by Halothane: Effect on Cerebral Blood Flow or Perifocal Spreading Depression-Like Depolarizations

1997 • 103 citations

Experimental and Preliminary Clinical Evidence of an Ischemic Zone with Prolonged Negative DC Shifts Surrounded by a Normally Perfused Tissue Belt with Persistent Electrocorticographic Depression

2010 • 103 citations

Ischemia Triggered by Red Blood Cell Products in the Subarachnoid Space Is Inhibited by Nimodipine Administration or Moderate Volume Expansion/Hemodilution in Rats

2002 • 101 citations

Zn²⁺Influx Is Critical for Some Forms of Spreading Depression in Brain Slices

2008 • 99 citations

Potassium Conductance Causing Hyperpolarization of CA1 Hippocampal Neurons During Hypoxia

1998 • 93 citations

Longitudinal Depolarization Gradients Along the Somatodendritic Axis of CA1 Pyramidal Cells: A Novel Feature of Spreading Depression

2005 • 91 citations

Hypoxia and Hypotension Transform the Blood Flow Response to Cortical Spreading Depression from Hyperemia into Hypoperfusion in the Rat

2008 • 84 citations

NMDA antagonists: Lack of protective effect against hypoxic damage in CA1 region of hippocampal slices

1988 • 77 citations

Stroke and migraine in the oxfordshire community stroke project

1986 • 76 citations

Interstitial volume changes during spreading depression (SD) and SD-like hypoxic depolarization in hippocampal tissue slices

1994 • 75 citations

Functional Ablation by Spreading Depression: Possible Use in Human Stereotactic Neurosurgery

1977 • 74 citations

Ischemia Triggered by Red Blood Cell Products in the Subarachnoid Space Is Inhibited by Nimodipine Administration or Moderate Volume Expansion/Hemodilution in Rats

2002 • 72 citations

Induced Spreading Depression Activates Persistent Neurogenesis in the Subventricular Zone, Generating Cells With Markers for Divided and Early Committed Neurons in the Caudate Putamen and Cortex

2005 • 66 citations

SIN-1 reverses attenuation of hypercapnic cerebrovasodilation by nitric oxide synthase inhibitors

1994 • 62 citations

Multi-modal imaging of anoxic depolarization and hemodynamic changes induced by cardiac arrest in the rat cerebral cortex

2010 • 60 citations

Effect of ouabain and phenobarbital on oxidative metabolic activity associated with spreading cortical depression in cats

1975 • 51 citations

Spreading Depression in the Brainstem of the Adult Rat: Electrophysiological Parameters and Influences on Regional Brainstem Blood Flow

2007 • 49 citations

Recurrent Stroke Due to a Novel Voltage Sensor Mutation in Ca _v 2.1 Responds to Verapamil

2010 • 42 citations

Calcium, magnesium, and long-term recovery from hypoxia in hippocampal tissue slices

1991 • 16 citations

Nitric oxide in the potassium-induced response of the rat middle cerebral artery: a possible permissive role

2001 • 16 citations

Dynamic changes in cortical NADH fluorescence in rat focal ischemia: Evaluation of the effects of hypothermia on propagation of peri-infarct depolarization by temporal and spatial analysis

2008 • 11 citations