Multiple Endogenous Opiate and Non‐Opiate Analgesia Systems: Evidence of Their Existence and Clinical Implications^a

Pain Mechanisms: A New Theory

1965 • 10,272 citations

Identification of two related pentapeptides from the brain with potent opiate agonist activity

1975 • 3,780 citations

Opiate Receptor: Demonstration in Nervous Tissue

1973 • 2,364 citations

Opiates and endogenous opioid peptides

1977 • 1,282 citations

Endogenous Opioids: Biology and Function

1984 • 1,223 citations

THE MECHANISM OF PLACEBO ANALGESIA

1978 • 1,060 citations

Isolation of an endogenous compound from the brain with pharmacological properties similar to morphine

1975 • 981 citations

Organization of Endogenous Opiate and Nonopiate Pain Control Systems

1982 • 793 citations

Analgesia from Electrical Stimulation in the Brainstem of the Rat

1971 • 751 citations

Opioid and Nonopioid Mechanisms of Stress Analgesia

1980 • 744 citations

Antagonism of acupuncture analgesia in man by the narcotic antagonist naloxone

1977 • 742 citations

Central nervous system mechanisms of analgesia

1976 • 710 citations

Pain reduction by focal electrical stimulation of the brain: An anatomical and behavioral analysis

1974 • 707 citations

Antagonism of Stimulation-Produced Analgesia by Naloxone, a Narcotic Antagonist

1976 • 664 citations

Effects of substance P on functionally identified units in cat spinal cord

1976 • 655 citations

Stereospecific Interaction Between Narcotic Analgesics and a Synaptic Plasma Membrane Fraction of Rat Cerebral Cortex

1973 • 650 citations

Evidence for the Neuropeptide Cholecystokinin as an Antagonist of Opiate Analgesia

1983 • 582 citations

Prolonged relief of pain by brief, intense transcutaneous somatic stimulation

1975 • 402 citations

The influence of naloxone on analgesia produced by peripheral conditioning stimulation

1979 • 322 citations

Search for an Endogenous Ligand for the Opiate Receptor

1975 • 315 citations

Naloxone dose dependently produces analgesia and hyperalgesia in postoperative pain

1979 • 305 citations

Behavioral evidence for a cholinoceptive pontine inhibitory area: Descending control of spinal motor output and sensory input

1984 • 300 citations

Naloxone alters pain perception and somatosensory evoked potentials in normal subjects

1977 • 287 citations

Morphine Action at Central Nervous System Sites in Rat: Analgesia or Hyperalgesia Depending on Site and Dose

1973 • 279 citations

Serotonergic and peptidergic projections to the spinal cord demonstrated by a combined retrograde HRP histochemical and immunocytochemical staining method

1981 • 266 citations

Stimulation-produced Analgesia: Development of Tolerance and Cross-Tolerance to Morphine

1975 • 250 citations

Proglumide and benzotript: members of a different class of cholecystokinin receptor antagonists.

1981 • 231 citations

Distribution of stereospecific binding of the potent narcotic analgesic etorphine in the human brain: predominance in the limbic system.

1973 • 183 citations

HRP pellets and slow-release gels: two new techniques for greater localization and sensitivity

1979 • 160 citations

Differential effects of spinal cord lesions on narcotic and non-narcotic supression of nociceptive reflexes: Further evidence for the physiologic multiplicity of pain modulation

1978 • 156 citations

Potentiation of morphine analgesia by the cholecystokinin antagonist proglumide

1985 • 156 citations

Inhibition of spinal cord interneurons by narcotic microinjection and focal electrical stimulation in the periaqueductal gray matter

1979 • 154 citations

Proglumide: Selective Antagonism of Excitatory Effects of Cholecystokinin in Central Nervous System

1983 • 154 citations

Opiate vs non-opiate footshock-induced analgesia (FSIA): The body region shocked is a critical factor

1982 • 139 citations

Classical conditioning of front paw and hind paw footshock induced analgesia (FSIA): Naloxone reversibility and descending pathways

1982 • 136 citations

Cholecystokinin antagonists selectively potentiate analgesia induced by endogenous opiates

1985 • 136 citations

The somatotopic organization of the nucleus raphe magnus and surrounding brain stem structures as revealed by HRP slow-release gels

1980 • 134 citations

Localization of opiate receptor binding in synaptic membranes of rat brain

1974 • 131 citations

Lumbar intrathecal naloxone blocks analgesia produced by microstimulation of the ventromedial medulla in the rat

1982 • 130 citations

Naloxone fails to reverse pain thresholds elevated by acupuncture: Acupuncture analgesia reconsidered

1983 • 123 citations

Increase of morphine-induced analgesia by stimulation of the nucleus raphe dorsalis

1971 • 112 citations

Analgesia following transcutaneous electrical stimulation and its partial reversal by a narcotic antagonist

1977 • 106 citations

Localization and opiate receptor binding of enkephalin, CCK and ACTH/β-endorphin in the rat central nervous system

1981 • 105 citations

Drug Interaction in the Field of Analgesic Drugs

1965 • 90 citations

Opiate vs non-opiate eootshock induced analgesia (FSIA): Descending and intraspinal components

1982 • 90 citations

Naloxazone and pain-inhibitory systems: evidence for a collateral inhibition model

1982 • 72 citations

Involvement of spinal opioid systems in footshock-induced analgesia: Antagonism by naloxone is possible only before induction of analgesia

1982 • 62 citations

Footshock induced analgesia in dependent neither on pituitary nor sympathetic activation

1982 • 61 citations

The neural basis of footshock analgesia: The role of specific ventral medullary nuclei

1983 • 61 citations

ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS II

1982 • 58 citations

Muscarinic cholinergic mediation of opiate and non-opiate environmentally induced analgesias

1984 • 56 citations

Failure of spinal cord serotonin depletion to alter analgesia elicited from the periaqueductal gray

1982 • 54 citations

Effect of autoanalgesia on CNS enkephalin receptors

1979 • 54 citations

Fear is not critical to classically conditioned analgesia: The effects of periaqueductal gray lesions and administration of chlordiazepoxide

1984 • 47 citations

The neurochemical basis of footshock analgesia: the role of spinal cord serotonin and norepinephrine

1984 • 45 citations

Differentiation between spinal and supraspinal sites of action of morphine when inhibiting the hindleg flexor reflex in rabbits

1973 • 39 citations

The neural basis of footshock analgesia: The effect of periaqueductal gray lesions and decerebration

1983 • 33 citations

Non-serotonergic origins of the dorsolateral funiculus in the rat ventral medulla

1984 • 32 citations

Experimental and immunohistochemical studies concerning the major origins of the substance p-containing fibers in the lateral lemniscus and lateral parabrachial area of the rat, including the fiber pathways

1983 • 15 citations

Antagonizing the endogenous opiate antagonists: A novel approach to pain control

1984 • 4 citations