Leptin, a Pleiotropic Hormone: Physiology, Pharmacology, and Strategies for Discovery of Leptin Modulators

Serum Immunoreactive-Leptin Concentrations in Normal-Weight and Obese Humans

1996 • 6,254 citations

Weight-Reducing Effects of the Plasma Protein Encoded by the obese Gene

1995 • 4,457 citations

Effects of the obese Gene Product on Body Weight Regulation in ob / ob Mice

1995 • 4,057 citations

Leptin levels in human and rodent: Measurement of plasma leptin and ob RNA in obese and weight-reduced subjects

1995 • 3,730 citations

Identification and expression cloning of a leptin receptor, OB-R

1995 • 3,498 citations

Recombinant Mouse OB Protein: Evidence for a Peripheral Signal Linking Adiposity and Central Neural Networks

1995 • 3,302 citations

Role of leptin in the neuroendocrine response to fasting

1996 • 3,106 citations

Targeted Disruption of the Melanocortin-4 Receptor Results in Obesity in Mice

1997 • 2,992 citations

Congenital leptin deficiency is associated with severe early-onset obesity in humans

1997 • 2,900 citations

Induction of Apoptosis by ASK1, a Mammalian MAPKKK That Activates SAPK/JNK and p38 Signaling Pathways

1997 • 2,284 citations

Isolation and structure of the endogenous agonist of opioid receptor-like ORL1 receptor

1995 • 1,887 citations

A role for glucagon-like peptide-1 in the central regulation of feeding

1996 • 1,880 citations

TRANSCRIPTIONAL RESPONSES TO POLYPEPTIDE LIGANDS: The JAK-STAT Pathway

1995 • 1,826 citations

The Effect of Age on the Association between Body-Mass Index and Mortality

1998 • 1,643 citations

The role of neuropeptide Y in the antiobesity action of the obese gene product

1995 • 1,521 citations

Correction of the sterility defect in homozygous obese female mice by treatment with the human recombinant leptin

1996 • 1,505 citations

Identification of targets of leptin action in rat hypothalamus.

1996 • 1,502 citations

STATs: Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription

1996 • 1,414 citations

Biological Action of Leptin as an Angiogenic Factor

1998 • 1,390 citations

Nonadipose tissue production of leptin: Leptin as a novel placenta-derived hormone in humans

1997 • 1,299 citations

Obese and diabetes: Two mutant genes causing diabetes-obesity syndromes in mice

1978 • 1,274 citations

Adipogenesis and Obesity: Rounding Out the Big Picture

1996 • 1,268 citations

The stomach is a source of leptin

1998 • 1,215 citations

Leptin enters the brain by a saturable system independent of insulin

1996 • 1,210 citations

Transient increase in obese gene expression after food intake or insulin administration

1995 • 1,102 citations

Leptin activation of Stat3 in the hypothalamus of wild–type and ob/ob mice but not db/db mice

1996 • 1,097 citations

Leptin is a metabolic signal to the reproductive system.

1996 • 1,037 citations

Sensitivity to leptin and susceptibility to seizures of mice lacking neuropeptide Y

1996 • 1,020 citations

Consolidation in human motor memory

1996 • 996 citations

Leptin: The Tale of an Obesity Gene

1996 • 987 citations

Absence of blood formation in mice lacking the T-cell leukaemia oncoprotein tal-1/SCL

1995 • 961 citations

Free histidine as a metal chelator in plants that accumulate nickel

1996 • 941 citations

Divergent Signaling Capacities of the Long and Short Isoforms of the Leptin Receptor

1997 • 907 citations

Endotoxin and cytokines induce expression of leptin, the ob gene product, in hamsters.

1996 • 864 citations

Early Onset of Reproductive Function in Normal Female Mice Treated with Leptin

1997 • 844 citations

A nutrient-sensing pathway regulates leptin gene expression in muscle and fat

1998 • 843 citations

Crystal structure at 1.92 Å resolution of the RNA-binding domain of the U1A spliceosomal protein complexed with an RNA hairpin

1994 • 827 citations

Attenuation of the Obesity Syndrome of ob/ob Mice by the Loss of Neuropeptide Y

1996 • 814 citations

The Mental Representation of Hand Movements After Parietal Cortex Damage

1996 • 812 citations

Defective STAT signaling by the leptin receptor in diabetic mice.

1996 • 803 citations

Molecular characterization of the mouse agouti locus

1992 • 791 citations

Leptin accelerates the onset of puberty in normal female mice.

1997 • 768 citations

Leptin can induce proliferation, differentiation, and functional activation of hemopoietic cells

1996 • 751 citations

Acute stimulation of glucose metabolism in mice by leptin treatment

1997 • 717 citations

Overexpression of the obese (ob) gene in adipose tissue of human obese subjects

1995 • 716 citations

Direct antidiabetic effect of leptin through triglyceride depletion of tissues

1997 • 664 citations

Human leptin levels are pulsatile and inversely related to pituitary–ardenal function

1997 • 632 citations

Leptin inhibits hypothalamic neurons by activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels

1997 • 631 citations

Genetic Variation in the β₃-Adrenergic Receptor and an Increased Capacity to Gain Weight in Patients with Morbid Obesity

1995 • 620 citations

Fringe modulates Notch–ligand interactions

1997 • 578 citations

Epsin is an EH-domain-binding protein implicated in clathrin-mediated endocytosis

1998 • 576 citations

Obesity

1997 • 575 citations

Expression of ob mRNA and its encoded protein in rodents. Impact of nutrition and obesity.

1995 • 573 citations

Appetite-Suppressing Effects of Urocortin, a CRF-Related Neuropeptide

1996 • 561 citations

Depot- and Sex-Specific Differences in Human Leptin mRNA Expression: Implications for the Control of Regional Fat Distribution

1997 • 554 citations

Evidence of free and bound leptin in human circulation. Studies in lean and obese subjects and during short-term fasting.

1996 • 552 citations

Increased obese mRNA expression in omental fat cells from massively obese humans

1995 • 527 citations

Corticotropin-releasing hormone deficiency reveals major fetal but not adult glucocorticoid need

1995 • 525 citations

Regulated expression of the obese gene product (leptin) in white adipose tissue and 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

1995 • 522 citations

Leptin and leptin receptor mRNA and protein expression in the murine fetus and placenta

1997 • 518 citations

The OB Protein (Leptin) Pathway - A Link Between Adipose Tissue Mass and Central Neural Networks

1996 • 517 citations

Responses of Leptin to Short-Term Fasting and Refeeding in Humans: A Link With Ketogenesis but Not Ketones Themselves

1996 • 516 citations

Regulation of Expression of ob mRNA and Protein by Glucocorticoids and cAMP

1996 • 497 citations

Relationship Between Insulin Sensitivity and Plasma Leptin Concentration in Lean and Obese Men

1996 • 494 citations

Peroxisome proliterator-activated receptors, orphans with ligands and functions

1997 • 494 citations

Induction of ob Gene Expression by Corticosteroids Is Accompanied by Body Weight Loss and Reduced Food Intake

1995 • 485 citations

Insulin and Cortisol Promote Leptin Production in Cultured Human Fat Cells

1996 • 464 citations

Induction of MHC Class I Genes in Neurons

1995 • 446 citations

A major quantitative trait locus determining serum leptin levels and fat mass is located on human chromosome 2

1997 • 443 citations

Recombinant ob protein reduces feeding and body weight in the ob/ob mouse.

1995 • 436 citations

Leptin Directly Alters Lipid Partitioning in Skeletal Muscle

1997 • 434 citations

Entrainment of the diurnal rhythm of plasma leptin to meal timing.

1997 • 428 citations

Leptin Activates Neurons in Ventrobasal Hypothalamus and Brainstem

1997 • 428 citations

Rat spermatogenesis in mouse testis

1996 • 397 citations

Plasma Leptin and Insulin Relationships in Obese and Nonobese Humans

1996 • 389 citations

Leptin Suppression of Insulin Secretion by the Activation of ATP-Sensitive K+ Channels in Pancreatic β-Cells

1997 • 386 citations

Decreased food intake does not completely account for adiposity reduction after ob protein infusion.

1996 • 380 citations

Human blood-brain barrier leptin receptor. Binding and endocytosis in isolated human brain microvessels.

1997 • 374 citations

Thiazolidinediones repress ob gene expression in rodents via activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma.

1996 • 362 citations

Contribution of androgens to the gender difference in leptin production in obese children and adolescents.

1997 • 359 citations

Leptin selectively decreases visceral adiposity and enhances insulin action.

1997 • 349 citations

Antidiabetic thiazolidinediones inhibit leptin (ob) gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

1996 • 342 citations

Synthesis of Leptin in Human Placenta

1997 • 332 citations

The Adipose Obese Gene Product, Leptin: Evidence of a Direct Inhibitory Role in Ovarian Function*

1997 • 328 citations

Evidence for a Novel Peripheral Action of Leptin as a Metabolic Signal to the Adrenal Gland: Leptin Inhibits Cortisol Release Directly

1997 • 320 citations

Leptin in Human Reproduction: Serum Leptin Levels in Pregnant and Lactating Women

1997 • 319 citations

The Leptin Receptor Activates Janus Kinase 2 and Signals for Proliferation in a Factor-Dependent Cell Line

1997 • 315 citations

Activation of β3 Adrenergic Receptors Suppresses Leptin Expression and Mediates a Leptin-Independent Inhibition of Food Intake in Mice

1996 • 315 citations

Male-to-female sex reversal in M33 mutant mice

1998 • 303 citations

Transcriptional control of adipogenesis

1998 • 301 citations

Acute cold-induced suppression of ob (obese) gene expression in white adipose tissue of mice: mediation by the sympathetic system

1995 • 293 citations

Effects of prolonged hyperinsulinemia on serum leptin in normal human subjects.

1997 • 288 citations

Expression of ob Gene in Adipose Cells

1996 • 287 citations

Effects of Leptin on Insulin Sensitivity in Normal Rats*

1997 • 271 citations

Molecular Cloning of Rat Leptin Receptor Isoform Complementary DNAs—Identification of a Missense Mutation in Zucker Fatty (fa/fa) Rats

1996 • 264 citations

Interactions between leptin and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y neurons in the control of food intake and energy homeostasis in the rat

1997 • 262 citations

Induction of Autoimmune Diabetes by Oral Administration of Autoantigen

1996 • 261 citations

Plasma leptin is partly cleared by the kidney and is elevated in hemodialysis patients

1997 • 260 citations

From Peptide Precursors to Oxazole and Thiazole-Containing Peptide Antibiotics: Microcin B17 Synthase

1996 • 260 citations

Testosterone Substitution Normalizes Elevated Serum Leptin Levels in Hypogonadal Men

1997 • 250 citations

Functional Antagonism between CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein-α and Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-γ on the Leptin Promoter

1997 • 250 citations

Insulin increases plasma leptin concentrations in normal subjects and patients with NIDDM

1996 • 249 citations

The human obese (OB) gene: RNA expression pattern and mapping on the physical, cytogenetic, and genetic maps of chromosome 7.

1995 • 249 citations

Hyperleptinemia of Pregnancy Associated with the Appearance of a Circulating Form of the Leptin Receptor

1997 • 248 citations

Relatively low plasma leptin concentrations precede weight gain in Pima Indians

1997 • 243 citations

Independent and Additive Effects of Central POMC and Leptin Pathways on Murine Obesity

1997 • 242 citations

Difference in Leptin mRNA Levels Between Omental and Subcutaneous Abdominal Adipose Tissue From Obese Humans

1996 • 241 citations

Evidence for Leptin Binding to Proteins in Serum of Rodents and Humans: Modulation With Obesity

1996 • 236 citations

Obesity

1997 • 228 citations

Leptin secretion from adipose tissue in women. Relationship to plasma levels and gene expression.

1997 • 225 citations

RGS8 accelerates G-protein-mediated modulation of K+currents

1997 • 221 citations

Serum leptin concentration, obesity, and insulin resistance in Western Samoans: cross sectional study

1996 • 218 citations

A genetic polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene influences plasma leptin levels in obese humans

1998 • 214 citations

Leptin stimulates glucose transport and glycogen synthesis in C 2 C 12 myotubes: evidence for a PI3-kinase mediated effect

1997 • 207 citations

Leptin activates PI-3 kinase in C2C12 myotubes via janus kinase-2 (JAK-2) and insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2) dependent pathways

1997 • 204 citations

Dexamethasone Regulates Obese Expression in Isolated Rat Adipocytes

1995 • 200 citations

Chronic central leptin infusion enhances insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism and favors the expression of uncoupling proteins.

1998 • 197 citations

The expression of ob gene is not acutely regulated by insulin and fasting in human abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue.

1996 • 184 citations

Ultradian Oscillations of Leptin Secretion in Humans

1996 • 184 citations

Leptin Stimulates the Proliferation of Murine Myelocytic and Primitive Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells

1997 • 183 citations

Dexamethasone Increases Leptin Expression in Humans in Vivo

1997 • 182 citations

Dexamethasone Induces an Acute and Sustained Rise in Circulating Leptin Levels in Normal Human Subjects

1996 • 174 citations

Disruption of a Neuropeptide Gene, flp-1 , Causes Multiple Behavioral Defects in Caenorhabditis elegans

1998 • 174 citations

UKPDS 20: Plasma Leptin, Obesity, and Plasma Insulin in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects

1997 • 172 citations

Structural Organization and Chromosomal Assignment of the Human obese Gene

1995 • 171 citations

Regulation of Leptin Production in Cultured Mature White Adipocytes

1996 • 167 citations

Absence of Mutations in the Human OB Gene in Obese/Diabetic Subjects

1996 • 165 citations

Relationship between Concentration of Serum Leptin and Fetal Growth

1997 • 161 citations

Correction of obesity and diabetes in genetically obese mice by leptin gene therapy

1996 • 160 citations

Pathophysiological Significance of theObeseGene Product, Leptin, in Ventromedial Hypothalamus (VMH)-Lesioned Rats: Evidence for Loss of Its Satiety Effect in VMH-Lesioned Rats¹

1997 • 143 citations

Phenotype-Linked Amino Acid Alteration in Leptin Receptor cDNA from Zucker Fatty(fa/fa)Rat

1996 • 140 citations

The Placenta Is Not the Main Source of Leptin Production in Pregnant Rat: Gestational Profile of Leptin in Plasma and Adipose Tissues

1997 • 138 citations

Csk controls antigen receptor-mediated development and selection of T-lineage cells

1998 • 138 citations

Modulation of obese gene expression in rat brown and white adipose tissues

1995 • 130 citations

Enhanced Expression of Rat Obese (ob) Gene in Adipose Tissues of Ventromedial Hypothalamus-Lesioned Rats

1995 • 129 citations

Recombinant OB-Gene Product Reduces Food-Intake in Fasted Mice

1995 • 117 citations

Troglitazone Reduces Plasma Leptin Concentration but Increases Hunger in NIDDM Patients

1998 • 116 citations

Effect of Troglitazone on Leptin Production: Studies In Vitro and in Human Subjects

1996 • 111 citations

Leptin activates ATP‐sensitive potassium channels in the rat insulin‐secreting cell line, CRI‐G1

1997 • 103 citations

Leptin concentrations and insulin sensitivity in normoglycemic men

1997 • 101 citations

Learning to commit or avoid the base-rate error

1996 • 100 citations

Rapid colour-specific detection of motion in human vision

1996 • 99 citations

Serum Immunoreactive-Leptin Levels are Increased in Patients With Cushing's Syndrome

1996 • 97 citations

Dexamethasone stimulates leptin release from human adipocytes: Unexpected inhibition by insulin

1997 • 92 citations

Role of imager in developing world

1997 • 83 citations

Leptin Concentrations in Women in the San Antonio Heart Study: Effect of Menopausal Status and Postmenopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy

1997 • 83 citations

Voluntary Wheel Running Decreases Adipose Tissue Mass and Expression of Leptin mRNA in Osborne-Mendel Rats

1997 • 77 citations

High Leptin Concentrations in Serum of Very Obese Children are Further Stimulated by Dexamethasone

1996 • 77 citations

Mutation Screening and Identification of a Sequence Variation in the Human OB Gene Coding Region

1996 • 74 citations

Resistance of microorganisms to disinfection in dental and medical devices

1995 • 62 citations

Norepinephrine turnover and energy expenditure in Pima Indian and white men

1993 • 61 citations

Cell mediated immunity after measles in Guinea-Bissau: historical cohort study

1996 • 61 citations

The Effect of Exercise on ob Gene Expression

1996 • 57 citations

Absence of Linkage of Obesity and Energy Metabolism to Markers Flanking Homologues of Rodent Obesity Genes in Pima Indians

1996 • 56 citations

Cystic fibrosis hetero–and homozygosity is associated with inhibition of breast cancer growth

1996 • 54 citations

Glucocorticoids induce the expression of the leptin gene through a non‐classical mechanism of transcriptional activation

1998 • 53 citations

Plasma leptin concentrations and OB gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue are not regulated acutely by physiological hyperinsulinaemia in lean and obese humans

1997 • 52 citations

Human Obese Gene: Molecular Screening in Japanese and Asian Indian NIDDM Patients Associated With Obesity

1996 • 51 citations

The effects of thyroid status on plasma leptin levels in women

1998 • 40 citations

Localization of the Human OB Gene (OBS) to Chromosome 7q32 by Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization

1995 • 33 citations

Regulation of OB Gene Expression in Rodents and Humans

1996 • 33 citations

Response of serum leptin concentrations to 7 d of energy restriction in centrally obese African Americans with impaired or diabetic glucose tolerance

1997 • 24 citations