The Immune-Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis*

Characterization of a 41-Residue Ovine Hypothalamic Peptide that Stimulates Secretion of Corticotropin and β-Endorphin

1982 • 3,896 citations

Physiological Functions of Glucocorticoids in Stress and Their Relation to Pharmacological Actions*

1984 • 3,073 citations

Secretory products of macrophages.

1987 • 2,670 citations

Nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNA for bovine corticotropin-β-lipotropin precursor

1979 • 1,758 citations

Interferon beta 2/B-cell stimulatory factor type 2 shares identity with monocyte-derived hepatocyte-stimulating factor and regulates the major acute phase protein response in liver cells.

1987 • 1,667 citations

Transforming growth factor-beta in human platelets. Identification of a major storage site, purification, and characterization.

1983 • 1,613 citations

Cloning, sequence and expression of two distinct human interleukin-1 complementary DNAs

1985 • 1,594 citations

Immunoregulatory Feedback Between Interleukin-1 and Glucocorticoid Hormones

1986 • 1,521 citations

Interleukin-1 Stimulates the Secretion of Hypothalamic Corticotropin-Releasing Factor

1987 • 1,512 citations

Defensins. Natural peptide antibiotics of human neutrophils.

1985 • 1,411 citations

Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1: cytokines with multiple overlapping biological activities.

1987 • 1,345 citations

Corticosteroid Inhibition of ACTH Secretion*

1984 • 1,212 citations

Corticotropin-Releasing Factor-Producing Neurons in the Rat Activated by Interleukin-1

1987 • 1,152 citations

Interleukin-1 and the Pathogenesis of the Acute-Phase Response

1984 • 1,136 citations

Type beta transforming growth factor: a bifunctional regulator of cellular growth.

1985 • 1,107 citations

Corticosteroids and Lymphoid Cells

1972 • 1,030 citations

Isolation of the bovine and human genes for müllerian inhibiting substance and expression of the human gene in animal cells

1986 • 997 citations

New class of transforming growth factors potentiated by epidermal growth factor: isolation from non-neoplastic tissues.

1981 • 925 citations

The Transforming Growth Factor-βs

1991 • 882 citations

Hypothalamic Control of Adrenocorticotropin Secretion: Advances since the Discovery of 41-Residue Corticotropin-Releasing Factor

1986 • 874 citations

Interleukin 1 of the central nervous system is produced by ameboid microglia.

1986 • 858 citations

Interleukin-1 Stimulation of Astroglial Proliferation After Brain Injury

1985 • 855 citations

Cloning and expression of murine interleukin-1 cDNA in Escherichia coli

1984 • 820 citations

Growth Inhibitor from BSC-1 Cells Closely Related to Platelet Type β Transforming Growth Factor

1984 • 779 citations

Interleukin-1 Immunoreactive Innervation of the Human Hypothalamus

1988 • 771 citations

Production of prostaglandin E and an interleukin-1 like factor by cultured astrocytes and C6 glioma cells.

1982 • 754 citations

Complementary DNA sequences of ovarian follicular fluid inhibin show precursor structure and homology with transforming growth factor-β

1985 • 722 citations

Release of Multiple Hormones by a Direct Action of Interleukin-1 on Pituitary Cells

1987 • 670 citations

Corticosteroids inhibit murine macrophage Ia expression and interleukin 1 production.

1982 • 665 citations

The functional relationship of the interleukins.

1980 • 660 citations

The Macrophage as an Effector Cell

1980 • 628 citations

Interleukin l and T Cell Activation

1982 • 622 citations

Interleukin-1β as a potent hyperalgesic agent antagonized by a tripeptide analogue

1988 • 618 citations

The Effect of In Vivo Hydrocortisone on Subpopulations of Human Lymphocytes

1974 • 607 citations

Suggestive Evidence for Receptors for Morphine and Methionine-Enkephalin on Normal Human Blood T Lymphocytes

1979 • 574 citations

Glucocorticoid-induced inhibition of T cell growth factor production. I. The effect on mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation.

1979 • 567 citations

Type beta transforming growth factor in human platelets: release during platelet degranulation and action on vascular smooth muscle cells.

1986 • 542 citations

Cytotoxicity of Human p I 7 Interleukin-1 for Pancreatic Islets of Langerhans

1986 • 525 citations

Corticotropin-Releasing Activity of Monokines

1985 • 500 citations

Enhancement of natural cytotoxicity by beta-endorphin.

1983 • 457 citations

Sleep-promoting effects of endogenous pyrogen (interleukin-1)

1984 • 450 citations

Mediation by Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF) of Adenohypophysial Hormone Secretion

1986 • 443 citations

Interleukin-6 stimulates the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone in conscious, freely-moving rats

1988 • 428 citations

The cell surface receptors for interleukin-1α and interleukin-1β are identical

1986 • 422 citations

Regulation of the in vitro antibody response by neuroendocrine hormones

1982 • 405 citations

beta-Endorphin enhances lymphocyte proliferative responses.

1982 • 393 citations

Cellular transformation by coordinated action of three peptide growth factors from human platelets

1984 • 383 citations

In vivo administration of purified human interleukin 2. I. Half-life and immunologic effects of the Jurkat cell line-derived interleukin 2.

1985 • 368 citations

Corticotropin releasing factor induction of leukocyte-derived immunoreactive ACTH and endorphins

1986 • 361 citations

Short Papers

1977 • 360 citations

Human lymphocyte production of corticotropin and endorphin-like substances: association with leukocyte interferon.

1981 • 358 citations

Mechanisms of corticosteroid action on lymphocyte subpopulations. I. Redistribution of circulating T and b lymphocytes to the bone marrow.

1975 • 345 citations

Changes in Blood Hormone Levels during the Immune Response

1975 • 342 citations

INTERLEUKIN-1 STIMULATES ACTH RELEASE BY AN INDIRECT ACTION WHICH REQUIRES ENDOGENOUS CORTICOTROPIN RELEASING FACTOR

1987 • 340 citations

Effects of Corticosteroids on Immunity in Man I. DECREASED SERUM IgG CONCENTRATION CAUSED BY 3 OR 5 DAYS OF HIGH DOSES OF METHYLPREDNISOLONE

1973 • 331 citations

Comparison of agents producing a neutrophilic leukocytosis in man. Hydrocortisone, prednisone, endotoxin, and etiocholanolone.

1975 • 310 citations

Systematic interleukin-1 administration stimulates hypothalamic norepinephrine metabolism parallelling the increased plasma corticosterone

1988 • 300 citations

Beta-endorphin and met-enkephalin stimulate human peripheral blood mononuclear cell chemotaxis.

1984 • 292 citations

Synthesis of interleukin 1/endogenous pyrogen in the brain of endotoxin-treated mice: a step in fever induction?

1984 • 279 citations

Human leukocyte interferon: structural and biological relatedness to adrenocorticotropic hormone and endorphins.

1980 • 275 citations

Activation of Mouse T-Helper Cells Induces Abundant Preproenkephalin mRNA Synthesis

1986 • 269 citations

Biochemical actions of glucocorticoids on macrophages in culture. Specific inhibition of elastase, collagenase, and plasminogen activator secretion and effects on other metabolic functions.

1978 • 267 citations

Virus-Induced Corticosterone in Hypophysectomized Mice: A Possible Lymphoid Adrenal Axis

1982 • 266 citations

Endorphins are stored in biologically active and inactive forms: isolation of α-N-acetyl peptides

1979 • 265 citations

The mononuclear phagocyte system of the mouse defined by immunohistochemical localization of antigen F4/80: macrophages of endocrine organs.

1984 • 263 citations

Glucocorticoid-induced inhibition of T cell growth factor production. II. The effect on the in vitro generation of cytolytic T cells.

1979 • 244 citations

Extracellular release of antimicrobial defensins by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes

1987 • 238 citations

B-endorphin modulates human immune activity via non-opiate receptor mechanisms

1982 • 234 citations

Alteration of T and null lymphocyte frequencies in the peripheral blood of human opiate addicts: in vivo evidence for opiate receptor sites on T lymphocytes.

1980 • 234 citations

Properties of a specific interleukin 1 (IL 1) receptor on human Epstein Barr virus-transformed B lymphocytes: identity of the receptor for IL 1-alpha and IL 1-beta.

1986 • 225 citations

Stereoselective muscarinic acetylcholine and opiate receptors in human phagocytic leukocytes

1980 • 223 citations

Pro-opiomelanocortin messenger ribonucleic acid and posttranslational processing of beta endorphin in spleen macrophages.

1986 • 221 citations

Adrenocorticotropin Release Induced by Intracerebroventricular Injection of Recombinant Human Interleukin-1 in Rats: Possible Involvement of Prostaglandin*

1988 • 221 citations

Identification of a common class of high affinity receptors for both types of porcine interleukin-1 on connective tissue cells

1986 • 219 citations

Rapidin VivoEffects of Glucocorticoids on the Integrity of Rat Lymphocyte Genomic Deoxyribonucleic Acid*

1986 • 218 citations

beta-Endorphin augments the cytolytic activity and interferon production of natural killer cells.

1986 • 213 citations

Detection and quantitation of pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA in pituitary and brain tissues from different species.

1982 • 206 citations

Therapeutic concentrations of glucocorticoids suppress the antimicrobial activity of human macrophages without impairing their responsiveness to gamma interferon.

1985 • 206 citations

Primary structures of MCP-1 and MCP-2, natural peptide antibiotics of rabbit lung macrophages.

1983 • 202 citations

Interaction of glucocorticoids with macrophages. Identification of glucocorticoid receptors in monocytes and macrophages.

1978 • 202 citations

ARGININE-RICH PROTEINS OF POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTE LYSOSOMES

1968 • 195 citations

Neuropeptides and the Blood-Brain Barrier

1983 • 192 citations

Identification of a specific interleukin 1 inhibitor in the urine of febrile patients.

1984 • 187 citations

Structural organization of human genomic DNA encoding the pro-opiomelanocortin peptide.

1980 • 181 citations

Effects of Purified Hypothalamic Corticotropin-Releasing Factor and Other Substances on the Secretion of Adrenocorticotropin and β-Endorphin-Like Immunoactivities inVitro*

1978 • 179 citations

Occurrence of interleukin-1 in cerebrospinal fluid of the conscious cat

1988 • 178 citations

Influence of in Vivo Hydrocortisone on Some Human Blood Lymphocyte Subpopulations

1981 • 175 citations

Immunoreactive beta-endorphin in a subpopulation of mouse spleen macrophages.

1984 • 172 citations

Macrophages in Corpora Lutea of Mice: Characterization and Effects on Steroid Secretion

1981 • 170 citations

Glucocorticoid receptors and glucocorticoid sensitivity of mitogen stimulated and unstimulated human lymphocytes

1977 • 166 citations

Expression and Regulation of Proopiomelanocortin-Like Gene in the Ovary and Placenta: Comparison with the Testis*

1986 • 162 citations

Newcastle disease virus-infected splenocytes express the proopiomelanocortin gene.

1986 • 160 citations

Regulation of lymphokine (gamma-interferon) production by corticotropin.

1984 • 158 citations

Evidence for the involvement of the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis in the febrile response of rabbits and rats.

1985 • 157 citations

Comparison of the Effector Cells in Human Spontaneous Cellular Cytotoxicity and Antibody‐Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity: Differential Sensitivity of Effector Cells to in Vivo and in Vitro Corticosteroids

1978 • 153 citations

Glucocorticoid inhibition of lymphokine secretion by alloreactive T lymphocyte clones.

1984 • 150 citations

Mechanisms of corticosteroid action on lymphocyte subpopulations. II. Differential effects of in vivo hydrocortisone, prednisone and dexamethasone on in vitro expression of lymphocyte function.

1976 • 149 citations

Endotoxin-Stimulated Opioid Peptide Secretion: Two Secretory Pools and Feedback Control in Vivo

1982 • 149 citations

Characterization of proopiomelanocortin transcripts in human nonpituitary tissues.

1987 • 145 citations

Similarity between the interleukin 1 receptors on a murine T-lymphoma cell line and on a murine fibroblast cell line.

1986 • 144 citations

Neuroimmunomodulation with enkephalins: Enhancement of human natural killer (NK) cell activity in vitro

1984 • 136 citations

CORTICOTROPIN-LIKE PEPTIDES IN CENTRAL NERVES AND IN ENDOCRINE CELLS OF GUT AND PANCREAS

1977 • 135 citations

Ability of Human Leukocytic Pyrogen to Stimulate Brain Prostaglandin Synthesis In Vitro

1982 • 135 citations

The transforming growth factors

1985 • 134 citations

Evidence that thymosins and other biologic response modifiers can function as neuroactive immunotransmitters

1985 • 132 citations

The Regulation of ACTH Secretion by IL-1

1987 • 132 citations

Demonstration of a circulating suppressor factor of thymocyte proliferation during endotoxin fever in humans.

1981 • 132 citations

Hypothermic and antipyretic effects of centrally administered ACTH (1–24) and α-melanotropin

1981 • 130 citations

Inhibition by cortisol of human natural killer (NK) cell activity

1987 • 130 citations

Peritoneal Macrophages Modulate Human Granulosa-Luteal Cell Progesterone Production*

1985 • 125 citations

Opiate receptor-mediated chemotaxis of human monocytes

1985 • 124 citations

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide induction of leukocyte-derived corticotropin and endorphins

1985 • 123 citations

Direct suppression of natural killer activity in human peripheral blood leukocyte cultures by glucocorticoids and its modulation by interferon.

1983 • 121 citations

Effects of Interleukin-1 on Hormone Release from Normal Rat Pituitary Cells in Primary Culture

1987 • 118 citations

The Thymus-Adrenal Connection: Thymosin Has Corticotropin-Releasing Activity in Primates

1983 • 118 citations

Direct stimulation of the adrenal cortex by interleukin-1.

1987 • 117 citations

Activation of human B lymphocytes. IV. Regulatory effects of corticosteroids on the triggering signal in the plaque-forming cell response of human peripheral blood B lymphocytes to polyclonal activation.

1977 • 117 citations

Stimulation of ACTH release by human interleukin-1β, but not by interleukin-1α, in conscious, freely-moving rats

1987 • 115 citations

The Effect of Corticosteroids on Human IgG Synthesis

1976 • 112 citations

Central administration of peptides alters thermoregulation in the rabbit

1980 • 112 citations

Opioid peptides modulate production of interferon γ by human mononuclear cells

1986 • 112 citations

Clearance rates and systemic effects of intravenously administered interleukin 2 (IL-2) containing preparations in human subjects

1983 • 109 citations

Neuropeptide regulation of inflammatory and immunologic responses. The capacity of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone to inhibit tumor necrosis factor and IL-1-inducible biologic responses.

1988 • 103 citations

Differential effects of transforming growth factor type beta on the growth and function of adrenocortical cells in vitro.

1986 • 103 citations

Selective effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and corticosteroid on in vitro lymphocyte maturation.

1988 • 101 citations

A potential role for adrenocorticotropin in regulating human B lymphocyte functions.

1985 • 100 citations

Immunoreactive β-endorphin in sheep ovary

1983 • 98 citations

Inhibition of in Vitro Lymphokine Synthesis by Glucocorticosteroids

1975 • 97 citations

Suppression of T lymphocyte chemotactic factor production by the opioid peptides beta-endorphin and met-enkephalin.

1985 • 97 citations

EFFECTS OF BACTERIAL ENDOTOXIN ON METABOLISM

1959 • 93 citations

Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone exhibits target cell selectivity in its capacity to affect interleukin 1-inducible responses in vivo and in vitro.

1987 • 92 citations

β-Endorphin is Present in the Male Reproductive Tract of Five Species1

1982 • 92 citations

Reduction of Serum Interleukin-1-Like Activity After Treatment With Dexamethasone

1985 • 92 citations

Presence of corticotropin in limbic system of normal and hypophysectomized rats

1977 • 92 citations

Structure of a novel human granulocyte peptide with anti-ACTH activity

1988 • 90 citations

The Effects of Prostaglandins on ACTH Secretion*

1972 • 81 citations

Isolation and structure of corticostatin peptides from rabbit fetal and adult lung.

1988 • 80 citations

Multiple control of fever production in the central nervous system of rabbits.

1988 • 80 citations

Enhancement of the generation of cytotoxic T cells by endogenous opiates

1986 • 72 citations

Demonstration of Immunoreactiveβ-Endorphin- and γ₃Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone-Related Peptides in the Ovaries of Neonatal, Cyclic, and Pregnant Mice*

1984 • 72 citations

Ectopic Adrenocorticotropin Production: Disappearance after Removal of Inflammatory Tissue*

1984 • 70 citations

Modulation of Interleukin 1 production by activated macrophages: In Vitro action of hydrocortisone, colchicine, and cytochalasin B

1982 • 70 citations

Enkephalins—Enhancement of active T-cell rosettes from lymphoma patients

1983 • 69 citations

Central administration of alpha-MSH antiserum augments fever in the rabbit

1986 • 68 citations

Human neutrophil migration is enhanced by beta-endorphin

1984 • 68 citations

Type beta transforming growth factor affects adrenocortical cell-differentiated functions.

1987 • 68 citations

Effect of Prednisone Treatment on the Human Immune Response to Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin

1972 • 67 citations

Macrophage Infiltration Into Experimental Brain Metastases: Occurrence Through an Intact Blood-Brain Barrier

1988 • 66 citations

Interleukin‐1 and Glucocorticoid Hormones Integrate an Immunoregulatory Feedback Circuit^a

1987 • 66 citations

Interleukin 1 reduces opioid binding in guinea pig brain

1985 • 65 citations

Preproenkephalin mRNA in T‐Cells, macrophages, and mast cells

1987 • 64 citations

Stress-Induced Changes in Plasma, Pituitary and Hypothalamic Immunoreactive β-Endorphin: Effects of Diurnal Variation, Adrenalectomy, Corticosteroids, and Opiate Agonists and Antagonists

1983 • 63 citations

Type β transforming growth factor is a potent modulator of differentiated adrenocortical cell functions

1986 • 62 citations

Effects of corticosteroids on natural killer cell activity in systemic lupus erythematosus.

1980 • 62 citations

Interferon and adrenocorticotropic hormone induction of steroidogenesis, melanogenesis and antiviral activity

1981 • 61 citations

Enkephalins—Enhancement of active T-cell rosettes from normal volunteers

1984 • 57 citations

Bovine adrenocortical cells exhibit high affinity transforming growth factor-beta receptors which are regulated by adrenocorticotropin.

1988 • 55 citations

The corticostatic (anti-ACTH) and cytotoxic activity of peptides isolated from fetal, adult and tumor-bearing lung

1987 • 55 citations

The effect of β-endorphin on natural cytotoxicity and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity

1984 • 54 citations

Β-Endorphin Modulates Immune Functions

1984 • 53 citations

Corticosteroids and immunoglobulin synthesis.

1975 • 52 citations

Thymosin fraction 5 causes increased serum corticosterone in rodents in vivo.

1985 • 48 citations

Glucocorticosteroid enhancement of immunoglobulin synthesis by pokeweed mitogen-stimulated human lymphocytes.

1981 • 46 citations

Glucocorticoids inhibit endorphin synthesis by pituitary cells

1979 • 46 citations

Evidence That the Hypothalamus Mediates Endotoxin Stimulation of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Secretion*

1978 • 46 citations

Hypothermic and antipyretic effects of acth (1–24) and α-melanotropin in guinea-pigs

1984 • 44 citations

AFFERENT PATHWAYS OF STRESSFUL STIMULI: CORTICOTROPHIN RELEASE AFTER HYPOTHALAMIC DEAFFERENTATION

1970 • 44 citations

Isolation and Biological Activity of Corticostatic Peptides (Anti-Acth)

1989 • 42 citations

Virus-Induced Increases in Plasma Corticosterone

1987 • 41 citations

Thymosin peptides and lymphokines do not directly stimulate adrenal corticosteroid production in vitro.

1983 • 40 citations

Ectopic ACTH Production with Autoantibody Formation in a Patient with Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia

1981 • 39 citations

In vivo effects of catecholamines and glucocorticoids on mouse thymic cAMP content and thymolysis

1986 • 38 citations

Suppression of ACTH-induced steroidogenesis by supernatants from LPS-treated peritoneal exudate macrophages.

1983 • 35 citations

Effects of septic shock plasma on adrenocortical cell function

1981 • 34 citations

INFLUENCE OF IN VIVO IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE DRUGS ON PRODUCTION OF LYMPHOKINES

1985 • 32 citations

Effects of dexamethasone on selected parameters of the bovine immune system

1987 • 32 citations

Interleukin 1 prevents loss of corticotropic responsiveness to beta-adrenergic stimulation in vitro.

1988 • 31 citations

Glucocorticoids suppress calcium mobilization and phospholipid hydrolysis in anti-Ig antibody-stimulated B cells.

1987 • 31 citations

The effect of thymosin on glucocorticoid receptors in lymphoid cells

1981 • 30 citations

Interaction of human beta-endorphin with nonopiate binding sites on the terminal SC5b-9 complex of human complement. Significance of COOH-terminal beta H-endorphin fragments.

1983 • 30 citations

Modulation of Lymphocyte Function by Endorphins

1987 • 29 citations

A myeloid-related sequence that localizes to human chromosome 8q21.1-22

1988 • 29 citations

The effects of corticosteroids on the antigen presenting properties of human monocytes and endothelial cells

1982 • 29 citations

β-Endorphin: Demonstration of binding sites in three human neuroblastoma cell lines specific for the COOH-terminal segment of the human hormone

1984 • 29 citations

Biology and Chemistry of Thymosin Peptides. Modulators of Immunity and Neuroendocrine Circuits

1987 • 28 citations

The Effect of Glucocorticoids on Mitogen-Stimulated B-Lymphocytes: Thymidine Incorporation and Antibody Secretion*

1982 • 28 citations

Human B cell-inducing factor(s) for production of IgM, IgG and IgA: independence from IL 2.

1984 • 25 citations

Effects of Hypothalamic Lesions on Lymphocyte Subsets in Mice

1987 • 24 citations

C-reactive protein, leukocytes, and fever after central IL 1 and alpha-MSH in aged rabbits

1988 • 21 citations

?-Endorphin-like immunoreactivity in plasma cells of the canine colonic mucosa

1980 • 18 citations

Glucocorticosteroid enhancement of immunoglobulin synthesis by pokeweed mitogen-stimulated human lymphocytes. III. Common variable immunodeficiency.

1981 • 17 citations

Differentiation stage-specific expression of a gene during granulopoiesis.

1989 • 17 citations

A Neurophysiological Correlate of an Immune Response^a

1987 • 17 citations

Thymosins and anti-thymosins: Properties and clinical applications

1986 • 16 citations

β-Endorphin: Evidence for the existence of opioid and non-opioid binding components for the tritiated human hormone in NG108-15 cells

1984 • 16 citations

The Hyperglycemic Effect of Thymosin F₅, a Thymic Hormone

1982 • 15 citations

Dexamethasone inhibits antitumor potential of activated macrophages by a receptor mediated action

1986 • 14 citations

Cortisol and immune interferon can interact in the modulation of human natural killer cell activity

1986 • 14 citations

Corticosterone-releasing activity of immune mediators

1987 • 13 citations

Cyclic Hormonogenesis in Gray Collie Dogs: Interactions of Hematopoietic and Endocrine Systems*

1987 • 12 citations

Properties and requirements for production of a macrophage product which suppresses steroid production by adrenocortical cells

1984 • 10 citations

Endotoxin-induced formation of specific β-endorphin binding sites in human serum

1983 • 7 citations

Rat plasma and hypothalamic (β‐endorphin levels fluctuate concomitantly with plasma corticosteroids during the day

1982 • 6 citations

Thymosin-induced recovery of murine T-cell functions following treatment with hydrocortisone acetate.

1977 • 6 citations

Independent regulation of B-cell inducing factor and IL-2 production by T lymphocytes, and direct and indirect promotion of immunoglobulin secretion by glucocorticosteroid

1986 • 2 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations