Immunological consequences of ischemic stroke: Immunosuppression and autoimmunity

Activated Human T Cells, B Cells, and Monocytes Produce Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor In Vitro and in Inflammatory Brain Lesions: A Neuroprotective Role of Inflammation?

1999 • 1,011 citations

Regulatory T cells are key cerebroprotective immunomodulators in acute experimental stroke

2009 • 1,003 citations

Stroke-induced Immunodeficiency Promotes Spontaneous Bacterial Infections and Is Mediated by Sympathetic Activation Reversal by Poststroke T Helper Cell Type 1–like Immunostimulation

2003 • 838 citations

A functional and structural basis for TCR cross-reactivity in multiple sclerosis

2002 • 560 citations

The effect of pneumonia on mortality among patients hospitalized for acute stroke

2003 • 530 citations

Use of anti-ICAM-1 therapy in ischemic stroke

2001 • 500 citations

Expression of costimulatory molecules B7-1 (CD80), B7-2 (CD86), and interleukin 12 cytokine in multiple sclerosis lesions.

1995 • 473 citations

CD39+Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells Suppress Pathogenic Th17 Cells and Are Impaired in Multiple Sclerosis

2009 • 454 citations

Acute Stroke Therapy by Inhibition of Neutrophils (ASTIN)

2003 • 413 citations

Splenic Atrophy in Experimental Stroke Is Accompanied by Increased Regulatory T Cells and Circulating Macrophages

2006 • 382 citations

Interferon β‐1b decreases the migration of T lymphocytes in vitro: Effects on matrix metalloproteinase‐9

1996 • 363 citations

Identification of High Potency Microbial and Self Ligands for a Human Autoreactive Class II–restricted T Cell Clone

1997 • 320 citations

Multiple sclerosis

2004 • 305 citations

CD25+/Foxp3+ T Cells Regulate Gastric Inflammation and Helicobacter pylori Colonization In Vivo

2006 • 262 citations

Stroke-induced immunodepression and post-stroke infections: Lessons from the preventive antibacterial therapy in stroke trial

2008 • 249 citations

The risk of relapses in multiple sclerosis during systemic infections

2006 • 248 citations

Preventive Antibacterial Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2008 • 234 citations

Activation of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor-1 by FTY720 Is Neuroprotective After Ischemic Stroke in Rats

2009 • 229 citations

Stroke-Associated Infection Is an Independent Risk Factor for Poor Outcome after Acute Ischemic Stroke: Data from the Netherlands Stroke Survey

2009 • 218 citations

Cellular Immunodepression Preceding Infectious Complications after Acute Ischemic Stroke in Humans

2007 • 212 citations

Natalizumab effects on immune cell responses in multiple sclerosis

2006 • 206 citations

Harms and benefits of lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with acute stroke

2008 • 195 citations

The Early Systemic Prophylaxis of Infection After Stroke Study

2005 • 191 citations

Catecholamines, infection, and death in acute ischemic stroke

2006 • 186 citations

Differential response of murine CD4⁺CD25⁺ and CD4⁺CD25^– T cells to dexamethasone‐induced cell death

2004 • 186 citations

Stroke Propagates Bacterial Aspiration to Pneumonia in a Model of Cerebral Ischemia

2006 • 182 citations

Monocytes Are Major Players in the Prognosis and Risk of Infection After Acute Stroke

2009 • 182 citations

Effect of experimental stroke on peripheral immunity: CNS ischemia induces profound immunosuppression

2008 • 181 citations

Examination of Several Potential Mechanisms for the Negative Outcome in a Clinical Stroke Trial of Enlimomab, a Murine Anti-Human Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Antibody: A Bedside-to-Bench Study

2001 • 167 citations

Preventive Antibacterial Treatment Improves the General Medical and Neurological Outcome in a Mouse Model of Stroke

2003 • 150 citations

Human cerebral infarct: a proposed histopathologic classification based on 137 cases

2004 • 142 citations

The immunomodulatory sphingosine 1-phosphate analog FTY720 reduces lesion size and improves neurological outcome in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia

2009 • 141 citations

Clinical Consequences of Infection in Patients With Acute Stroke

2005 • 134 citations

Swallowing Disturbance Pattern Relates to Brain Lesion Location in Acute Stroke Patients

2009 • 124 citations

Urinary tract infection after stroke

2009 • 109 citations

Effects of Prophylactic Antibiotic Therapy With Mezlocillin Plus Sulbactam on the Incidence and Height of Fever After Severe Acute Ischemic Stroke

2008 • 106 citations

IFN-γ Regulated Chemokine Production Determines the Outcome of Staphylococcus aureus Infection

2008 • 102 citations

Immune activation in the peripheral blood of patients with acute ischemic stroke

2008 • 102 citations

Preventive Antibiotics for Infections in Acute Stroke

2009 • 91 citations

Functional Status of Peripheral Blood T-Cells in Ischemic Stroke Patients

2010 • 85 citations

Recombinant T Cell Receptor Ligand Treats Experimental Stroke

2009 • 77 citations

Immunological observations on patients with acute cerebral vascular disease

1979 • 74 citations

Increasing CNS Noradrenaline Reduces EAE Severity

2009 • 64 citations

Acute Ischemic Stroke and Infections

2010 • 63 citations

Sensitization and tolerization to brain antigens in stroke

2008 • 51 citations

Lateralization of T-Lymphocyte Responses in Patients With Stroke

1995 • 51 citations

Glutamate Antagonists in Therapy of Stroke

1998 • 50 citations

Increased cytokine release by leucocytes in survivors of stroke at young age

2001 • 47 citations

C-Reactive-Protein Levels Associated with Infection Predict Short- and Long-Term Outcome after Supratentorial Intracerebral Hemorrhage

2009 • 42 citations

Matrix metalloproteinase and cytokine profiles in monocytes over the course of stroke.

2001 • 37 citations

Flexibility in MHC and TCR Recognition: Degenerate Specificity at the T Cell Level in the Recognition of Promiscuous Th Epitopes Exhibiting No Primary Sequence Homology

2001 • 35 citations

Impaired Function of Innate T Lymphocytes and NK Cells in the Acute Phase of Ischemic Stroke

2009 • 34 citations

Suppressed neutrophil respiratory burst in patients with haemorrhagic stroke

2009 • 23 citations

Enhancement of antigen-specific T-cell reactivity on the affected side in stroke patients

1991 • 22 citations

Immune consequences of stroke and cerebral palsy in adults

1998 • 20 citations

Migration of T-cell subsets in multiple sclerosis and the effect of interferon-?1a

2007 • 19 citations

Increased systemic T-lymphocyte reactivity in patients with established stroke.

1991 • 16 citations

Deficient leucocyte antisedimentation is related to post-stroke infections and outcome

2008 • 11 citations

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