Toxins of Bacillus anthracis

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase: Conservation of a Three-Kinase Module From Yeast to Human

1999 • 2,692 citations

Proteolytic Inactivation of MAP-Kinase-Kinase by Anthrax Lethal Factor

1998 • 1,003 citations

Anthrax toxin edema factor: a bacterial adenylate cyclase that increases cyclic AMP concentrations of eukaryotic cells.

1982 • 929 citations

Crystal structure of the anthrax toxin protective antigen

1997 • 755 citations

Macrophages are sensitive to anthrax lethal toxin through an acid-dependent process.

1986 • 586 citations

Demonstration of a capsule plasmid in Bacillus anthracis

1985 • 487 citations

Anthrax Lethal Factor Cleaves the N-Terminus of MAPKKs and Induces Tyrosine/Threonine Phosphorylation of MAPKs in Cultured Macrophages

1998 • 402 citations

Anthrax protective antigen forms oligomers during intoxication of mammalian cells.

1994 • 399 citations

Contribution of individual toxin components to virulence of Bacillus anthracis

1991 • 363 citations

Susceptibility of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase family members to proteolysis by anthrax lethal factor

2000 • 342 citations

Bacterial Protein Toxins: An Overview

2003 • 335 citations

Anthrax vaccines: past, present and future

1991 • 334 citations

Anthrax toxin lethal factor contains a zinc metalloprotease consensus sequence which is required for lethal toxin activity

1994 • 310 citations

On the role of macrophages in anthrax.

1993 • 305 citations

Anthrax lethal factor cleaves MKK3 in macrophages and inhibits the LPS/IFNγ‐induced release of NO and TNFα

1999 • 296 citations

Regulation of the Bacillus anthracis protective antigen gene: CO2 and a trans-acting element activate transcription from one of two promoters

1994 • 230 citations

Effects of anthrax toxin components on human neutrophils

1985 • 224 citations

Characterization of Membrane Translocation by Anthrax Protective Antigen

1998 • 209 citations

Purification of Factor I and Recognition of a Third Factor of the Anthrax Toxin

1961 • 202 citations

RAPID LETHAL EFFECT IN RATS OF A THIRD COMPONENT FOUND UPON FRACTIONATING THE TOXIN OF BACILLUS ANTHRACIS

1962 • 199 citations

Development of antibodies to protective antigen and lethal factor components of anthrax toxin in humans and guinea pigs and their relevance to protective immunity

1986 • 193 citations

Bacterial toxins and virulence factors in disease

1995 • 189 citations

Residues 1-254 of anthrax toxin lethal factor are sufficient to cause cellular uptake of fused polypeptides.

1993 • 172 citations

The atxA gene product activates transcription of the anthrax toxin genes and is essential for virulence

1995 • 166 citations

Sequence and analysis of the DNA encoding protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis

1988 • 161 citations

The pathology of experimental anthrax in rabbits exposed by inhalation and subcutaneous inoculation.

1998 • 158 citations

Cloning and characterization of a gene whose product is a trans-activator of anthrax toxin synthesis

1993 • 155 citations

pH‐dependent permeabilization of the plasma membrane of mammalian cells by anthrax protective antigen

1993 • 146 citations

Cloning of the protective antigen gene of Bacillus anthracis

1983 • 144 citations

Macrophage-Derived Cell Lines Do Not Express Proinflammatory Cytokines after Exposure to Bacillus anthracis Lethal Toxin

2001 • 144 citations

Anthrax: the disease in relation to vaccines

1984 • 141 citations

The three Bacillus anthracis toxin genes are coordinately regulated by bicarbonate and temperature

1994 • 139 citations

Attenuated Nontoxinogenic and Nonencapsulated Recombinant Bacillus anthracis Spore Vaccines Protect against Anthrax

2000 • 139 citations

Immunization against anthrax with Bacillus anthracis protective antigen combined with adjuvants

1992 • 135 citations

Anthrax edema toxin differentially regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced monocyte production of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 by increasing intracellular cyclic AMP

1994 • 134 citations

Cloning and expression of the Bacillus anthracis protective antigen gene in Bacillus subtilis

1986 • 133 citations

Nucleotide sequence and analysis of the lethal factor gene (lef) from Bacillus anthracis

1989 • 125 citations

Characterization of lethal factor binding and cell receptor binding domains of protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis using monoclonal anti bodies

1996 • 125 citations

Proteasome Activity Is Required for Anthrax Lethal Toxin To Kill Macrophages

1999 • 120 citations

Comparative safety and efficacy against Bacillus anthracis of protective antigen and live vaccines in mice

1988 • 119 citations

Construction and characterization of a protective antigen‐deficient Bacillus anthracis strain

1990 • 114 citations

Role of Toxin Functional Domains in Anthrax Pathogenesis

2000 • 114 citations

A Quantitative Study of the Interactions of Bacillus anthracis Edema Factor and Lethal Factor with Activated Protective Antigen

2000 • 111 citations

Anthrax protective antigen interacts with a specific receptor on the surface of CHO-K1 cells

1991 • 111 citations

The chemical basis of the virulence of Bacillus anthracis. V. The specific toxin produced by B. Anthracis in vivo.

1955 • 107 citations

Transcriptional regulation of the protective antigen gene of Bacillus anthracis

1989 • 106 citations

Experimental anthrax vaccines: efficacy of adjuvants combined with protective antigen against an aerosol Bacillus anthracis spore challenge in guinea pigs

1995 • 106 citations

Cross‐talk to the genes for Bacillus anthracis capsule synthesis by atxA, the gene encoding the frans‐activator of anthrax toxin synthesis

1997 • 104 citations

Proteolytic activation of receptor-bound anthrax protective antigen on macrophages promotes its internalization

2000 • 103 citations

Serum protease cleavage of Bacillus anthracis protective antigen

1992 • 100 citations

Identification of a Receptor-Binding Region within Domain 4 of the Protective Antigen Component of Anthrax Toxin

1999 • 97 citations

Molecular cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of the lethal factor gene of Bacillus anthracis

1986 • 96 citations

Structural homology between virulence-associated bacterial adenylate cyclases

1988 • 96 citations

Point Mutations in Anthrax Protective Antigen That Block Translocation

2001 • 96 citations

Current status of immunization against anthrax: old vaccines may be here to stay for a while

2000 • 86 citations

The anthrax toxin activator gene atxA is associated with CO2-enhanced non-toxin gene expression in Bacillus anthracis

1997 • 86 citations

Functional mapping of anthrax toxin lethal factor by in-frame insertion mutagenesis.

1991 • 83 citations

Cloning and expression of the calmodulin-sensitive Bacillus anthracis adenylate cyclase in Escherichia coli

1988 • 83 citations

Susceptibility of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase family members to proteolysis by anthrax lethal factor

2000 • 82 citations

Ltx1, a mouse locus that influences the susceptibility of macrophages to cytolysis caused by intoxication with Bacillus anthracis lethal factor, maps to chromosome 11

1998 • 81 citations

AtxA activates the transcription of genes harbored by both Bacillus anthracis virulence plasmids

2006 • 81 citations

Immunity to anthrax: protective antigen present in cell-free culture filtrates.

1946 • 80 citations

Catabolite repression of the Bacillus subtilis gnt operon exerted by two catabolite‐responsive elements

1997 • 79 citations

Avirulent anthrax vaccine.

1946 • 72 citations

Construction of Bacillus anthracis mutant strains producing a single toxin component

1993 • 70 citations

Translocation of Bacillus anthracis lethal and oedema factors across endosome membranes

2000 • 67 citations

Autogenous Regulation of the Bacillus anthracis pag Operon

1999 • 65 citations

The channel formed in planar lipid bilayers by the protective antigen component of anthrax toxin

1994 • 58 citations

Production and purification of recombinant protective antigen and protective efficacy against Bacillus anthracis

1998 • 52 citations

Zinc content of theBacillus anthracislethal factor

1994 • 52 citations

Functional Analysis of the Carboxy-Terminal Domain of Bacillus anthracis Protective Antigen

1999 • 44 citations

Characterization of ATP and calmodulin-binding properties of a truncated form of Bacillus anthracis adenylate cyclase

1990 • 44 citations

Control of virulence gene expression in Bacillus anthracis

1999 • 42 citations

A-type ATP binding consensus sequences are critical for the catalytic activity of the calmodulin-sensitive adenylyl cyclase from Bacillus anthracis.

1990 • 41 citations

Anthrax Toxin Components Stimulate Chemotaxis of Human Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils

1985 • 39 citations

Intracytoplasmic delivery of listeriolysin O by a vaccinal strain of Bacillus anthracis induces CD8-mediated protection against Listeria monocytogenes.

1997 • 37 citations

Structure-Function Analysis of Bacillus anthracis Edema Factor by Using Monoclonal Antibodies

1994 • 34 citations

Structural and ligand-binding properties of a truncated form of Bacillus anthracis adenylate cyclase and of a catalytically inactive variant in which glutamine substitutes for lysine-346

1991 • 34 citations

Involvement of Residues 147VYYEIGK153 in Binding of Lethal Factor to Protective Antigen of Bacillus anthracis

2001 • 31 citations

The role of histidine 63 in the catalytic mechanism of Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase.

1992 • 30 citations

Structure and Interaction of PA63 and EF (Edema Toxin) of Bacillus anthracis with Lipid Membrane

1997 • 29 citations

Secondary Structure of Anthrax Lethal Toxin Proteins and Their Interaction with Large Unilamellar Vesicles: A Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Approach

1996 • 24 citations

Protective Antigen-Mediated Antibody Response against a Heterologous Protein Produced In Vivo byBacillus anthracis

2000 • 22 citations

A recombinant Bacillus anthracis strain producing the Clostridium perfringens Ib component induces protection against iota toxins

1997 • 18 citations

Trp 346 and Leu 352 Residues in Protective Antigen Are Required for the Expression of Anthrax Lethal Toxin Activity

2001 • 13 citations