"If I don't do well tomorrow, there's a reason": Predictors of adolescents' use of academic self-handicapping strategies.

Multiple regression: testing and interpreting interactions

1992 • 37,036 citations

Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences

1958 • 36,277 citations

A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality.

1988 • 8,356 citations

Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans.

1995 • 7,572 citations

Learning to Labor: How Working Class Kids Get Working Class Jobs.

1996 • 5,772 citations

Interaction Effects in Multiple Regression.

1991 • 3,445 citations

Achievement goals in the classroom: Students' learning strategies and motivation processes.

1988 • 3,290 citations

The competitive ethos and democratic education

1989 • 2,837 citations

Applied statistics for the behavioral sciences

1979 • 2,134 citations

Students' goal orientations and cognitive engagement in classroom activities.

1988 • 1,302 citations

Making the grade: a self-worth perspective on motivation and school reform

1993 • 1,096 citations

The Attitude-Achievement Paradox Among Black Adolescents

1990 • 970 citations

Age and sex effects in multiple dimensions of self-concept: Preadolescence to early adulthood.

1989 • 881 citations

Self‐Presentational Motivations and Personality Differences in Self‐Esteem

1989 • 869 citations

Studies in cross-cultural psychology

1977 • 789 citations

Origins of Human Competence: A Cultural-Ecological Perspective

1981 • 780 citations

Racelessness as a Factor in Black Students' School Success: Pragmatic Strategy or Pyrrhic Victory?

1988 • 749 citations

Reasons for Studying: Motivational Orientations and Study Strategies

1988 • 688 citations

Race and the Schooling of Black Americans.

1992 • 653 citations

Drug choice as a self-handicapping strategy in response to noncontingent success.

1978 • 579 citations

Learning and Motivation in the Classroom

2017 • 519 citations

Some Practical Guidelines for Measuring Youth's Race/Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status

1994 • 509 citations

Transforming school cultures

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Minority education and caste

1978 • 485 citations

Black and White Self-Esteem: The Urban School Child.

1974 • 469 citations

Motivation in African Americans

1994 • 441 citations

Achievement and motivation : a social-developmental perspective

1992 • 386 citations

Self-defeating behavior patterns among normal individuals: Review and analysis of common self-destructive tendencies.

1988 • 344 citations

Esteem protection or enhancement? Self-handicapping motives and attributions differ by trait self-esteem.

1991 • 330 citations

Predictors of Middle School Students' Use of Self-Handicapping Strategies

1995 • 271 citations

Two Dimensions of Self-Esteem: Reciprocal Effects of Positive Self-Worth and Self-Deprecation on Adolescent Problems

1994 • 243 citations

An impression management interpretation of the self-handicapping strategy.

1982 • 239 citations

Assessing Students' Theories of Success in Mathematics: Individual and Classroom Differences

1990 • 234 citations

Reinventing Schools for Early Adolescents: Emphasizing Task Goals

1993 • 183 citations

Explaining the School Performance of African-American Adolescents

1994 • 177 citations

Self-handicapping: The role of discounting and augmentation in the preservation of self-esteem.

1991 • 145 citations

Reasoning about the Ability of Self and Others: A Developmental Study

1984 • 144 citations

An Analysis of the Self-Handicapping Scale

1986 • 143 citations

Determinants of reduction in intended effort as a strategy for coping with anticipated failure

1983 • 131 citations

Self-enhancement, self-assessment, and self-evaluative task choice.

1985 • 60 citations

Effect of extrinsic incentives on use of test anxiety as an anticipatory attributional defense: Playing it cool when the stakes are high.

1984 • 58 citations

Special Issues in Reforming Middle Level Schools

1995 • 38 citations

Self-Schemas, Motivational Strategies and Self-Regulated Learning.

1993 • 28 citations

I Won't Learn from You! The Role of Assent in Learning. Thistle Series of Essays.

1991 • 25 citations

Worriers and Procrastinators: Differences in Motivation, Cognitive Engagement, and Achievement between Defensive Pessimists and Self-Handicappers.

1995 • 13 citations