Ethnic identification and preference: A review.

The Nature of Prejudice

1954 • 13,437 citations

A technique for the measurement of attitudes

1932 • 8,877 citations

The Authoritarian Personality

2001 • 6,655 citations

Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state.

1962 • 5,942 citations

Intergroup Conflict And Cooperation: The Robbers Cave Experiment

2013 • 2,366 citations

Readings in Attitude Theory and Measurement

1968 • 2,137 citations

Attitudes versus Actions: The Relationship of Verbal and Overt Behavioral Responses to Attitude Objects

1969 • 2,132 citations

An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy.

1944 • 2,018 citations

Experimenter Effects in Behavioral Research

1968 • 1,687 citations

Attitudes vs. Actions

1934 • 1,637 citations

Contact hypothesis in ethnic relations.

1969 • 1,446 citations

Measurement and prediction

1950 • 1,243 citations

The transparent self

1964 • 1,076 citations

Who Shall Survive

2007 • 964 citations

The measurement of social attitudes.

1931 • 618 citations

The bogus pipeline: A new paradigm for measuring affect and attitude.

1971 • 574 citations

Psychology and life

1977 • 543 citations

On the fading of social stereotypes: Studies in three generations of college students.

1969 • 525 citations

The Development of Consciousness of Self and the Emergence of Racial Identification in Negro Preschool Children

1939 • 514 citations

Attitude and Pupil Size

1965 • 504 citations

children's feelings of personal control as related to social class and ethnic group1

1963 • 395 citations

A Profile of the Negro American

1965 • 385 citations

Race awareness in young children.

1952 • 336 citations

Interracial Housing: A Psychological Evaluation of a Social Experiment

1951 • 302 citations

Opinion-attitude methodology.

1946 • 301 citations

Racial prejudice and racial stereotypes.

1935 • 288 citations

Immigration and race attitudes

1928 • 261 citations

Current stereotypes: A little fading, a little faking.

1971 • 260 citations

The indirect assessment of social attitudes.

1950 • 245 citations

Skin Color as a Factor in Racial Identification of Negro Preschool Children

1940 • 244 citations

Black is beautiful: A reexamination of racial preference and identification.

1970 • 243 citations

Attitude as an Interactional Concept: Social Constraint and Social Distance as Intervening Variables Between Attitudes and Action

1969 • 230 citations

A multiple-indicator approach to attitude measurement.

1964 • 221 citations

Sociometry in the classroom

1970 • 215 citations

Racial Assimilation in Secondary Groups With Particular Reference to the Negro

1914 • 186 citations

Attitude as a Scientific Concept

1963 • 185 citations

Growing Up in the Black Belt.

1941 • 182 citations

Race Relationships in the Pocahontas Coal Field

1952 • 180 citations

Emotional Factors in Racial Identification and Preference in Negro Children

1966 • 178 citations

Verbal attitudes and overt behavior involving racial prejudice.

1952 • 168 citations

A Study of Prejudice in Children

1948 • 160 citations

Uncle Tom and Mr. Charlie: Metaphysical Pathos in the Study of Racism and Personal Disorganization

1971 • 159 citations

Racial "experimenter effects" in experimentation, testing, interviewing, and psychotherapy,.

1970 • 158 citations

Studying Personality Cross-Culturally

1962 • 152 citations

Race, social class, religion, and nationality as determinants of social distance.

1960 • 150 citations

Racial Aspects of Self-Identification in Nursery School Children

1939 • 146 citations

The Luxury of Anti-Negro Prejudice

1945 • 146 citations

Racial Preference and Social Comparison Processes

1969 • 142 citations

Galvanic skin response to Negro and white experimenters.

1955 • 135 citations

Interviewer-Respondent Interaction: A Study of Bias in the Information Interview

1964 • 133 citations

Dimensions of verbal racial attitudes: Their identification and measurement.

1967 • 131 citations

A DEVELOPMENTAL STUDY OF RACIAL AWARENESS IN YOUNG CHILDREN1,2

1958 • 117 citations

Verbal Attitudes and Overt Behavior: A Study of Racial Discrimination

1965 • 117 citations

Black Child, White Child: The Development of Racial Attitudes, by Judith D. R. Porter

1972 • 109 citations

The Influence of Individual Opinion on Construction of an Attitude Scale

1932 • 104 citations

A Scale for the Measurement of Anti-Semitism

1944 • 102 citations

An Experimental Study of Nationality PReferences

1928 • 102 citations

Interviewing in Social Research.

1955 • 101 citations

Development of Social Attitudes in Children

1938 • 100 citations

Reported magnitude of self-misidentification among Negro children: Artifact?

1968 • 100 citations

Motion Pictures and the Social Attitudes of Children

1935 • 94 citations

Effects of task difficulty, race of administrator, and instructions on digit-symbol performance of Negroes.

1965 • 93 citations

Stereotypes: Before Pearl Harbor and After

1947 • 92 citations

A Comparison of Racial Stereotypes of 1935 and 1942

1943 • 91 citations

Children'S Perceptions of the Social Roles of Negroes and Whites

1950 • 90 citations

Residential Proximity and Intergroup Relations in Public Housing Projects

1952 • 89 citations

Self-esteem and racial preference in Black children.

1972 • 88 citations

Young Children's Responses to a Picture and Inset Test Designed to Reveal Reactions to Persons of Different Skin Color

1953 • 79 citations

Minorities in American Society

1952 • 79 citations

Some personality and social factors related to changes in children's attitudes toward Negroes.

1950 • 75 citations

The Development of Attitude Toward the Negro

1936 • 74 citations

Cultural barriers in the counseling relationship

1969 • 71 citations

Effects of anxiety, threat, and racial environment on task performance of Negro college students.

1963 • 64 citations

Racial Recognition by Nursery School Children in Lynchburg, Virginia

1958 • 63 citations

Person Perception, Self-Identity, and Ethnic Group Preference in Anglo, Black, and Chicano Preschool and Third-Grade Children

1974 • 62 citations

The development of stereotypes concerning the Negro.

1943 • 62 citations

Connotations of Color Names among Negroes and Caucasians

1964 • 59 citations

A Sociometric Study of Race Cleavage in the Classroom.

1940 • 59 citations

Effects of race of tester, approval-disapproval, and need on Negro children's learning.

1968 • 59 citations

The Relationship between Self Concept and Academic Achievement

1969 • 57 citations

The relative stability of social, intellectual, and academic status in grades II to IV, and the inter-relationships between these various forms of growth.

1943 • 56 citations

The Social Psychology of Prejudice

1955 • 56 citations

A projective method for the study of attitudes.

1943 • 55 citations

Social perceptions and attitudes of children.

1949 • 54 citations

The Reliability of Sociometric Measures

1955 • 54 citations

A Study of the Association among Verbal Attitudes, Commitment and Overt Behavior in Different Experimental Situations

1967 • 52 citations

Galvanic Skin Responses and Prejudice.

1967 • 52 citations

Attitude and structure as factors in the distortion of reasoning.

1950 • 51 citations

An Experiment in Modifying Attitudes Toward the Negro.

1945 • 50 citations

Ethnic Stereotypes, Attitudes, and Familiarity: Australia

1959 • 50 citations

Two experiments showing the effect of the interviewer's racial background on responses to questionnaires concerning racial issues.

1960 • 49 citations

Racial Attitudes among White and Negro Children in a Deep-South Standard Metropolitan Area

1966 • 48 citations

Selective recall and memory distortion of favorable and unfavorable material.

1954 • 47 citations

Color Gradation and Attitudes among Middle-income Negroes

1972 • 47 citations

Racial Attitudes of Children

1950 • 46 citations

The racial sterotypes of Negro college students.

1941 • 46 citations

The Attitudes of College Students toward War and the Germans Before and During the Second World War

1942 • 44 citations

Reactions in a Projective Doll-Play Interview of White Males Two to Six Years of Age to Differences in Skin Color and Facial Features

1950 • 44 citations

The bogus pipeline: A new ignis fatuus?

1973 • 39 citations

Acquisition of New Norms: A Study of Racial Desegregation

1958 • 37 citations

SOME MOTIVATIONAL DETERMINANTS OF RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN INTELLECTUAL ACHIEVEMENT1

1967 • 37 citations

The Measurement of Change in Social Attitude

1931 • 36 citations

Racial Attitudes and Emotional Response to Visual Representations of the Negro

1966 • 36 citations

Attitudes of college students and the changes in such attitudes during four years in college.

1938 • 34 citations

The Invasion‐Succession Sequence As a Self‐Fulfilling Prophecy

1957 • 34 citations

Social interaction in an interracial nursery school.

1960 • 33 citations

Emergence of Sex and Race Friendship Preferences

1962 • 32 citations

Children's performance as a function of race of E, race of S, and type of verbal reinforcement

1966 • 32 citations

Prejudice. Japanese-Americans: Symbol of Racial Intolerance.

1945 • 27 citations

Autonomic responses and their relationship to race attitudes.

1959 • 27 citations

Influence of Motion Pictures on Children's Attitudes

1931 • 26 citations

Negro children's performance on a discrimination task as a function of examiner race and verbal incentive.

1965 • 26 citations

Analysis of the Film "Don't Be a Sucker": A Study in Communication

1951 • 26 citations

The Color of the Investigator as a Variable in Experimental Research with Negro Subjects

1954 • 25 citations

The Relative Significance of Race, Sex, and Facial Expression in Choice of Playmate by the Preschool Child

1943 • 25 citations

Selective Association among Ethnic Groups in a High School Population

1952 • 25 citations

The Effect of Acquiescence Response-Set Upon Relationships Among the F Scale, Ethnocentrism, and Intelligence

1959 • 25 citations

The Negro Personality.

1959 • 24 citations

Concept Formation and the Development of Ethnic Awareness

1963 • 23 citations

Social Behavior Differences Between Second Grade Children of High and Low Sociometric Status

1955 • 23 citations

Reactions of Caucasian Residents to Japanese‐American Neighbors¹

1952 • 22 citations

EFFECT OF PREJUDICE ON REASONING*

1959 • 21 citations

The Effect of Skin Color and Physiognomy on Racial Misidentification

1972 • 20 citations

COMPANION CHOICE BEHAVIOR IN THE KINDERGARTEN

1954 • 20 citations

Race attitudes of Iowa children

1931 • 19 citations

Religious ethnocentrism and its recognition among adolescent boys.

1952 • 19 citations

A Comparison of Social-Distance Scores among College-Student Samples

1965 • 18 citations

Effect of Knowledge upon Attitudes towards the Negro

1935 • 18 citations

Perception of Prejudice in Mexican-American Preschool Children

1968 • 18 citations

A Study of Validity and Constancy of Choices in a Sociometric Test

1951 • 17 citations

Intelligence Test Scores as a Function of Sex of Experimenter and Sex of Subject

1968 • 17 citations

The social choices of students in racially integrated classes for the culturally disadvantaged talented.

1966 • 17 citations

The Effect of the Motion Picture “Gentleman's Agreement” on Attitudes Toward Jews

1948 • 16 citations

The Doll Technique: A Measure of Racial Ethnocentrism?

1972 • 16 citations

Group Differences in Nationality and Race Preferences of Children

1939 • 16 citations

The Relationship Between Attitude and Information Concerning the Japanese in America

1946 • 15 citations

The Relative Effectiveness of Four Attitude Assessment Techniques in Predicting a Criterion

1956 • 15 citations

Racial Stereotypes in Young Children

1966 • 14 citations

New Zealand children's attitudes towards Maoris.

1961 • 14 citations

Racio-National Stereotypes Held by Negroes

1947 • 14 citations

The effect of a motion picture film on children's attitudes toward Germans.

1932 • 13 citations

A Study of Prejudice in Negro and White College Students

1965 • 13 citations

The Use of Interviewer Rapport as a Method of Detecting Differences Between “Public” and “Private” Opinion

1945 • 13 citations

A Study of Racial Attitudes of College Students

1933 • 13 citations

Social Class, Ethnicity, and Family Functioning: Exploring Some Issues Raised by the Moynihan Report

1968 • 13 citations

Awareness of racial differences by preschool children in Hawaii.

1950 • 12 citations

WHEN IS BLACK BEAUTIFUL? COLOURED AND WHITE CHILDREN'S REACTIONS TO SKIN COLOUR

1971 • 12 citations

Responses on Racial Attitudes as Affected by Interviewers of Different Ethnic Groups

1966 • 12 citations

Ethnic Cleavages in the Southwest as Reflected in Two High Schools

1943 • 12 citations

The relationship between race and perception of racially related stimuli in preschool children.

1969 • 10 citations

Perception of Self and of Peers by Economically Deprived Black and Advantaged White Fifth Graders

1970 • 10 citations

Informational and Non‐Informational Determinants of Nationality Stereotypes¹

1962 • 9 citations

Performance of black and white adolescents on intellectual and attitudinal measures as a function of race of tester.

1971 • 8 citations

The Effect of Examiner Ethnicity and Language on the Performance of Bilingual Mexican-American First Graders

1972 • 8 citations

Negro Interviewers and White Patients

1967 • 8 citations

Verbal Attitudes Scores from Responses Obtained in the Projective Technique

1940 • 7 citations

Attitude, object label, and stimulus factors in response to an attitude object.

1969 • 7 citations

The Effect of Race on Peer Evaluation and Preference in Primary Grade Children: An Exploratory Study

1970 • 6 citations

Santa Claus Drawings by Negro and White Children

1970 • 6 citations

Developmental changes in the meaning of minority group membership.

1953 • 6 citations

Prejudice and Perception

1957 • 6 citations

PATTERNS OF FRIENDSHIP AND LEADERSHIP CHOICES IN A MIXED ETHNIC JUNIOR SCHOOL—A SOCIOMETRIC ANALYSIS

1969 • 5 citations

The reliability and validity of the Horowitz Faces Test.

1950 • 5 citations

Self concept: a comparison of Negro-, Anglo-, and Spanish-American students: Across ethnic, sex, and socioeconomic variables

1974 • 5 citations

An exploration of racism in ego ideal formation

1970 • 4 citations

Personal-social evaluation techniques

1962 • 4 citations

Levels of Aspiration of Negro 9th Grade Males in Integrated and Segregated Schools

1971 • 4 citations

Prejudice verbalization among children.

1951 • 4 citations

Perceptions of Negro Boys Regarding Color and Occupational Status.

1971 • 3 citations

Reactions of Inner-City and Suburban Adolescents to Three Minority Groups

1972 • 3 citations

The origin and development of the Spanish attitude toward the Anglo and the Anglo attitude toward the Spanish.

1950 • 3 citations

GOAL-SETTING BEHAVIOR AND SELF CONCEPTS OF ELEMENTARY MEXICAN AMlilRICAN CHILDREN

1970 • 1 citations