Deep brain stimulation

The functional anatomy of basal ganglia disorders

1989 • 5,166 citations

Short-Term Synaptic Plasticity

2002 • 4,618 citations

Functional architecture of basal ganglia circuits: neural substrates of parallel processing

1990 • 4,029 citations

Primate models of movement disorders of basal ganglia origin

1990 • 3,722 citations

Basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits: parallel substrates for motor, oculomotor, "prefrontal" and "limbic" functions.

1990 • 2,437 citations

Five-Year Follow-up of Bilateral Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus in Advanced Parkinson's Disease

2003 • 2,158 citations

Which elements are excited in electrical stimulation of mammalian central nervous system: A review

1975 • 2,007 citations

Chapter 6 Basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits: Parallel substrates for motor, oculomotor, “prefrontal” and “limbic” functions

1991 • 1,897 citations

Reversal of Experimental Parkinsonism by Lesions of the Subthalamic Nucleus

1990 • 1,875 citations

Electrical Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus in Advanced Parkinson's Disease

1998 • 1,826 citations

Long-term suppression of tremor by chronic stimulation of the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus

1991 • 1,712 citations

Deep-Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus or the Pars Interna of the Globus Pallidus in Parkinson's Disease

2001 • 1,472 citations

The primate subthalamic nucleus. II. Neuronal activity in the MPTP model of parkinsonism

1994 • 1,352 citations

Effect on parkinsonian signs and symptoms of bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation

1995 • 1,340 citations

Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia. II. The place of subthalamic nucleus and external pallidium in basal ganglia circuitry

1995 • 1,339 citations

Combined (Thalamotomy and Stimulation) Stereotactic Surgery of the VIM Thalamic Nucleus for Bilateral Parkinson Disease

1987 • 1,297 citations

Dopamine Dependency of Oscillations between Subthalamic Nucleus and Pallidum in Parkinson's Disease

2001 • 1,119 citations

Chronic electrical stimulation of the ventralis intermedius nucleus of the thalamus as a treatment of movement disorders

1996 • 1,118 citations

Leksell's posteroventral pallidotomy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease

1992 • 1,088 citations

A Comparison of Continuous Thalamic Stimulation and Thalamotomy for Suppression of Severe Tremor

2000 • 1,023 citations

Deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease

2003 • 980 citations

Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia

2002 • 930 citations

Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus Changes the Firing Pattern of Pallidal Neurons

2003 • 868 citations

The pedunculopontine nucleus and Parkinson's disease

2000 • 800 citations

Cellular Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation: Model-Based Analysis of Activation and Inhibition

2004 • 794 citations

The functions of the basal ganglia and the paradox of stereotaxic surgery in Parkinson's disease

1994 • 701 citations

Neurophysiological identification of the subthalamic nucleus in surgery for Parkinson's disease

1998 • 682 citations

High-frequency firing helps replenish the readily releasable pool of synaptic vesicles

1998 • 613 citations

Reversal of Rigidity and Improvement in Motor Performance by Subthalamic High‐frequency Stimulation in MPTP‐treated Monkeys

1993 • 609 citations

Subthalamic nucleus or internal pallidal stimulation in young onset Parkinson's disease

1998 • 607 citations

High-frequency Synchronization of Neuronal Activity in the Subthalamic Nucleus of Parkinsonian Patients with Limb Tremor

2000 • 606 citations

Neuropsychological consequences of chronic bilateral stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease

2000 • 553 citations

Lesion of the subthalamic nucleus for the alleviation of 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)‐induced parkinsonism in the primate

1991 • 526 citations

Acute and Long-Term Effects of Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease

1994 • 519 citations

High-Frequency Stimulation Produces a Transient Blockade of Voltage-Gated Currents in Subthalamic Neurons

2001 • 515 citations

Behavioural disorders, Parkinson's disease and subthalamic stimulation

2002 • 500 citations

Multicentre European study of thalamic stimulation in parkinsonian and essential tremor

1999 • 494 citations

Electric field and stimulating influence generated by deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus

2003 • 489 citations

Dual somatotopical representations in the primate subthalamic nucleus: evidence for ordered but reversed body-map transformations from the primary motor cortex and the supplementary motor area

1996 • 488 citations

Changes in cerebral activity pattern due to subthalamic nucleus or internal pallidum stimulation in Parkinson's disease

1997 • 469 citations

The subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease: somatotopic organization and physiological characteristics

2001 • 467 citations

Microstimulation-Induced Inhibition of Neuronal Firing in Human Globus Pallidus

2000 • 456 citations

Bilateral Chronic Electrostimulation of Ventroposterolateral Pallidum

1994 • 440 citations

Chronic subthalamic nucleus stimulation reduces medication requirements in Parkinson’s disease

1999 • 426 citations

The impact of deep brain stimulation on executive function in Parkinson's disease

2000 • 422 citations

Safety and efficacy of pallidal or subthalamic nucleus stimulation in advanced PD

2001 • 420 citations

Implantation of deep brain stimulators into subthalmic nucleus: technical approach and magnetic imaging—verified electrode locations

2002 • 417 citations

Clinical predictive factors of subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson's disease

2002 • 416 citations

The primate subthalamic nucleus. III. Changes in motor behavior and neuronal activity in the internal pallidum induced by subthalamic inactivation in the MPTP model of parkinsonism

1994 • 414 citations

Subthalamic nucleus‐mediated excitotoxicity in parkinson's disease: A target for neuroprotection

1998 • 395 citations

Long-term Hardware-related Complications of Deep Brain Stimulation

2002 • 393 citations

Basal ganglia and movement disorders: an update

1996 • 387 citations

Bilateral subthalamic or pallidal stimulation for Parkinson's disease affects neither memory nor executive functions: A consecutive series of 62 patients

1999 • 372 citations

Single unit analysis of the human ventral thalamic nuclear group

1994 • 370 citations

Comparison of Pallidal and Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation for Advanced Parkinson's Disease: Results of a Randomized, Blinded Pilot Study

1999 • 370 citations

Extracellular Stimulation of Central Neurons: Influence of Stimulus Waveform and Frequency on Neuronal Output

2002 • 369 citations

Responses of substantia nigra pars reticulata and globus pallidus complex to high frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in rats: electrophysiological data

1995 • 348 citations

Opposite motor effects of pallidal stimulation in Parkinson's disease

1998 • 332 citations

Effects of high frequency stimulation of subthalamic nucleus on extracellular glutamate and GABA in substantia nigra and globus pallidus in the normal rat

2000 • 331 citations

Neuropsychological changes between “off” and “on” STN or GPi stimulation in Parkinson’s disease

2000 • 329 citations

Microelectrode-guided pallidotomy: technical approach and its application in medically intractable Parkinson's disease

1998 • 328 citations

Intraoperative microrecordings of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease

2002 • 327 citations

Effect of high-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus on the neuronal activities of the substantia nigra pars reticulata and ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus in the rat

2000 • 326 citations

Subthalamic GAD Gene Therapy in a Parkinson's Disease Rat Model

2002 • 324 citations

Basal ganglia motor control. III. Pallidal ablation: normal reaction time, muscle cocontraction, and slow movement

1991 • 321 citations

Complications of Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery

2001 • 320 citations

Effect on mood of subthalamic DBS for Parkinson’s disease A consecutive series of 24 patients

2002 • 315 citations

Pedunculopontine nucleus in the squirrel monkey: Projections to the basal ganglia as revealed by anterograde tract‐tracing methods

1994 • 308 citations

Excitation of Central Nervous System Neurons by Nonuniform Electric Fields

1999 • 300 citations

Bilateral high-frequency stimulation in the subthalamic nucleus for the treatment of Parkinson disease: correlation of therapeutic effect with anatomical electrode position

2002 • 299 citations

Localization of clinically effective stimulating electrodes in the human subthalamic nucleus on magnetic resonance imaging

2002 • 297 citations

Two‐year follow‐up of subthalamic deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease

2003 • 291 citations

Effects of Apomorphine on Subthalamic Nucleus and Globus Pallidus Internus Neurons in Patients With Parkinson's Disease

2001 • 289 citations

Single unit analysis of the human ventral thalamic nuclear group: correlation of thalamic "tremor cells" with the 3-6 Hz component of parkinsonian tremor

1988 • 289 citations

Deep brain stimulation for movement disorders: morbidity and mortality in 109 patients

2003 • 280 citations

Connections of the subthalamic nucleus with ventral striatopallidal parts of the basal ganglia in the rat

1990 • 277 citations

Effects of High-Frequency Stimulation in the Internal Globus Pallidus on the Activity of Thalamic Neurons in the Awake Monkey

2003 • 273 citations

Re-evaluation of the functional anatomy of the basal ganglia in normal and Parkinsonian states

1997 • 271 citations

DEEP-BRAIN STIMULATION OF THE SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS OR THE PARS INTERNA OF THE GLOBUS PALLIDUS IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE

2001 • 270 citations

High frequency stimulation of the internal Globus Pallidus (GPi) simultaneously improves parkinsonian symptoms and reduces the firing frequency of GPi neurons in the MPTP-treated monkey

1996 • 265 citations

Axial parkinsonian symptoms can be improved: the role of levodopa and bilateral subthalamic stimulation

2000 • 263 citations

Mania following deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease

2002 • 261 citations

Basal ganglia and movement disorders: an update

1996 • 259 citations

Transient mania with hypersexuality after surgery for high frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease

2002 • 258 citations

Acute psychotropic effects of bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation and levodopa in Parkinson's disease

2003 • 256 citations

Treatment of tremor in Parkinson's disease by subthalamic nucleus stimulation

1998 • 254 citations

Stimulation of the Posterior Hypothalamus for Treatment of Chronic Intractable Cluster Headaches: First Reported Series

2003 • 252 citations

Electrophysiological and metabolic evidence that high‐frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus bridles neuronal activity in the subthalamic nucleus and the substantia nigra reticulata

2003 • 252 citations

A Positron Emission Tomographic Study of Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation in Parkinson Disease

1999 • 251 citations

Predictors of effective bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation for PD

2002 • 245 citations

Dual Effect of High-Frequency Stimulation on Subthalamic Neuron Activity

2003 • 243 citations

Dynamics of tremor-related oscillations in the human globus pallidus: A single case study

1999 • 243 citations

Neuropsychological Outcome of GPi Pallidotomy and GPi or STN Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease

2000 • 242 citations

Effects of Bilateral Subthalamic Stimulation on Cognitive Function in Parkinson Disease

2001 • 239 citations

Suppression of epileptiform activity by high frequency sinusoidal fields in rat hippocampal slices

2001 • 237 citations

Effects of dopamine agonists on the spontaneous activity of globus pallidus neurons in monkeys with MPTP-induced parkinsonism

1991 • 236 citations

Subthalamic Nucleus Lesion in Rats Prevents Dopaminergic Nigral Neuron Degeneration After Striatal 6‐OHDA Injection: Behavioural and Immunohistochemical Studies

1996 • 235 citations

Ventroposterolateral Pallidotomy Can Abolish All Parkinsonian Symptoms

1992 • 234 citations

Deep brain stimulation for the treatment of Parkinson's disease: subthalamic nucleus versus globus pallidus internus

2001 • 231 citations

From off-period dystonia to peak-dose chorea: The clinical spectrum of varying subthalamic nucleus activity

1999 • 229 citations

Influence of chronic bilateral stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus on cognitive function in Parkinson's disease

2001 • 221 citations

Identification and characterization of neurons with tremor-frequency activity in human globus pallidus

1997 • 219 citations

Pathophysiology of levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease: problems with the current model.

2000 • 217 citations

Globus pallidus stimulation activates the cortical motor system during alleviation of parkinsonian symptoms

1997 • 214 citations

Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation Restores Glucose Metabolism in Associative and Limbic Cortices and in Cerebellum: Evidence from a FDG-PET Study in Advanced Parkinson's Disease

2003 • 212 citations

High-frequency stimulation of the globus pallidus internalis in Parkinson's disease: a study of seven cases

1997 • 211 citations

Spontaneous and Evoked Activity of Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Neurons during High-Frequency Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus

2003 • 211 citations

Subthalamic Stimulation in Parkinson Disease

2000 • 207 citations

Cognitive and behavioural effects of chronic stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in patients with Parkinson's disease

2003 • 203 citations

Thalamic stimulation and suppression of parkinsonian tremor

1993 • 201 citations

Reversal of akinesia in experimental parkinsonism by GABA antagonist microinjections in the pedunculopontine nucleus

2002 • 200 citations

Oscillations of the Human Sensorimotor System as Revealed by Magnetoencephalography

2008 • 198 citations

Tolerance and Tremor Rebound following Long-Term Chronic Thalamic Stimulation for Parkinsonian and Essential Tremor

1999 • 193 citations

Effects of apomorphine on globus pallidus neurons in parkinsonian patients

1997 • 191 citations

Improvement of sleep architecture in PD with subthalamic nucleus stimulation

2000 • 177 citations

Treatment results: Parkinson's disease

2002 • 176 citations

Does stimulation of the GPi control dyskinesia by activating inhibitory axons?

2001 • 175 citations

Pedunculopontine tegmental stimulation evokes striatal dopamine efflux by activation of acetylcholine and glutamate receptors in the midbrain and pons of the rat

2003 • 172 citations

Effects of interruption of the nigrostriatal pathway and of dopaminergic agents on the spontaneous activity of globus pallidus neurons in the awake monkey

1979 • 172 citations

Influence of the frequency parameter on extracellular glutamate and γ‐aminobutyric acid in substantia nigra and globus pallidus during electrical stimulation of subthalamic nucleus in rats

2003 • 170 citations

High-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus silences subthalamic neurons: a possible cellular mechanism in Parkinson’s disease

2002 • 169 citations

The current model of basal ganglia organization under scrutiny

1998 • 166 citations

Pallidotomy in Parkinson's disease increases supplementary motor area and prefrontal activation during performance of volitional movements an H2(15)O PET study

1997 • 166 citations

The projections from the parafascicular thalamic nucleus to the subthalamic nucleus and the striatum arise from separate neuronal populations: A comparison with the corticostriatal and corticosubthalamic efferents in a retrograde fluorescent double-labelling study

1994 • 163 citations

Regional metabolic correlates of surgical outcomes following unilateral pallidotomy for parkinson's disease

1996 • 159 citations

Subthalamic nucleus stimulation affects a frontotemporal network: A PET study

2003 • 158 citations

Neurophysiological Refinement of Subthalamic Nucleus Targeting

2002 • 153 citations

Relationship of lesion location to clinical outcome following microelectrode-guided pallidotomy for Parkinson's disease

1999 • 153 citations

Networks mediating the clinical effects of pallidal brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease: A PET study of resting-state glucose metabolism

2001 • 147 citations

Movement-related neurons of the subthalamic nucleus in patients with Parkinson disease

2002 • 147 citations

Neuronal recordings in Parkinson's disease patients with dyskinesias induced by apomorphine.

2000 • 146 citations

Unilateral lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway induces an increase of neuronal activity of the pedunculopontine nucleus, which is reversed by the lesion of the subthalamic nucleus in the rat

2001 • 143 citations

Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus Enhances Emotional Processing in Parkinson Disease

2003 • 143 citations

Bilateral subthalamic stimulation in patients with Parkinson disease: long-term follow up

2003 • 142 citations

Long-term stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in hemiparkinsonian rats: neuroprotection of dopaminergic neurons

2004 • 138 citations

Effect of subthalamic nucleus stimulation on levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson’s disease

2000 • 132 citations

Alleviation of experimental hemiparkinsonism by high‐frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in primates: A comparison with <scp>L</scp>‐dopa treatment

1996 • 128 citations

Effects of transient focal inactivation of the basal ganglia in parkinsonian primates.

2002 • 126 citations

Deep brain stimulation of the pedunculopontine region in the normal non-human primate

2002 • 122 citations

Relationship of lesion location to cognitive outcome following microelectrode-guided pallidotomy for Parkinson's disease: Support for the existence of cognitive circuits in the human pallidum

2000 • 121 citations

Microelectrode-guided posteroventral pallidotomy for treatment of Parkinson's disease: postoperative magnetic resonance imaging analysis

1997 • 118 citations

Effects of Transient Focal Inactivation of the Basal Ganglia in Parkinsonian Primates

2002 • 117 citations

Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease

2002 • 115 citations

[Treatment of Parkinson tremor by chronic stimulation of the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus].

1989 • 101 citations

Cortical activation patterns evoked by afferent axons stimuli at different frequencies: an in vitro voltage-sensitive dye imaging study

2002 • 97 citations

The Behavioral Complications of Pallidal Stimulation: A Case Report

2000 • 95 citations

Failure of long-term pallidal stimulation corrected by subthalamic stimulation in PD

2000 • 93 citations

Results of chronic subthalamic nucleus stimulation for Parkinson’s disease: a 1-year follow-up study

2002 • 93 citations

Subthalamic neuron activity related to tremor and movement in Parkinson's disease

2000 • 90 citations

Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease: comparison of pre- and postoperative neuropsychological evaluation

2001 • 86 citations

Behavioral Consequences of Bicuculline Injection in the Subthalamic Nucleus and the Zona Incerta in Rat

2002 • 85 citations

Evidence for a common network of brain structures involved in Parkinsonian tremor and voluntary repetitive movement

1992 • 82 citations

Characteristics and somatotopic organization of kinesthetic cells in the globus pallidus of patients with Parkinson's disease

1996 • 80 citations

Neuronal response to local electrical stimulation in rat thalamus: physiological implications for mechanisms of deep brain stimulation

2002 • 78 citations

Levodopa‐induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease: Is sensitization reversible?

2000 • 76 citations

Levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease: Is sensitization reversible?

2000 • 69 citations

The Effects of Activation or Inhibition of the Subthalamic Nucleus on the Metabolic and Electrophysiological Activities Within the Pallidal Complex and Substantia Nigra in the Rat

1991 • 69 citations

Deep brain stimulation of subthalamic nucleus: behavioural modifications and familiar relations

2001 • 67 citations

Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease: long-term follow-up

2002 • 64 citations

Functional Activity of Zona Incerta Neurons Is Altered after Nigrostriatal Denervation in Hemiparkinsonian Rats

2000 • 62 citations

Projections from basal ganglia to tegmentum: a subcortical route for explaining the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease signs?

2000 • 56 citations

Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus versus levodopa challenge in Parkinson's disease: measuring the on- and off-conditions with FDG-PET

2002 • 53 citations

Protection against dopaminergic nigrostriatal cell death by excitatory input ablation

2000 • 52 citations

Microelectrode recordings in the pallidum

2002 • 52 citations

Brainstem motor loops in the control of movement

2002 • 51 citations

Analysis of Pallidotomy Lesion Positions Using Three-dimensional Reconstruction of Pallidal Lesions, the Basal Ganglia, and the Optic Tract

1997 • 50 citations

Physiologically defined VIM nucleus. Its special reference to control of tremor.

1976 • 48 citations

Neuroprotective effect of chronic inactivation of the subthalamic nucleus in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease

1999 • 46 citations

Globus Pallidus Lesions in the Monkey Produced by Kainic Acid: Histologic and Behavioral Effects

1979 • 37 citations

Evidence of functional somatotopy in GPi from results of pallidotomy

2000 • 36 citations

Prevention of Neurotoxin Damage of 6-OHDA to Dopaminergic Nigral Neuron by Subthalamic Nucleus Lesions

2000 • 29 citations

Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation in Parkinson’s Disease: Correlation of Active Electrode Contacts with Intraoperative Microrecordings

2003 • 29 citations

Physiologically controlled selective thalamotomy for the treatment of abnormal movement by Leksell's open system

1977 • 24 citations

The effects of surgical treatment of Parkinson's disease on brain function: PET findings.

2000 • 19 citations

Exploration of the Role of the Upper Brainstem in Motor Control

2002 • 19 citations

Physiologically Defined VIM Nucleus

1976 • 18 citations

Neurophysiological identification and characterization of thalamic neurons with single unit recording in essential tremor patients

2003 • 10 citations