Signal transduction pathways involving the raf proto-oncogene

The Protein Kinase Family: Conserved Features and Deduced Phylogeny of the Catalytic Domains

1988 • 5,115 citations

Oncogenes and signal transduction

1991 • 2,816 citations

The GTPase superfamily: a conserved switch for diverse cell functions

1990 • 2,330 citations

ERKs: A family of protein-serine/threonine kinases that are activated and tyrosine phosphorylated in response to insulin and NGF

1991 • 1,901 citations

Raf-1 activates MAP kinase-kinase

1992 • 1,308 citations

Signal transduction via the MAP kinases: proceed at your own RSK.

1993 • 1,262 citations

A Cytoplasmic Protein Stimulates Normal N- ras p21 GTPase, But Does Not Affect Oncogenic Mutants

1987 • 1,197 citations

A Divergence in the MAP Kinase Regulatory Network Defined by MEK Kinase and Raf

1993 • 1,086 citations

Epidermal growth factor regulates p21ras through the formation of a complex of receptor, Grb2 adapter protein, and Sos nucleotide exchange factor

1993 • 1,077 citations

Identification of the regulatory phosphorylation sites in pp42/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase).

1991 • 1,041 citations

Complexes of Ras⋅GTP with Raf-1 and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase

1993 • 987 citations

ras mediates nerve growth factor receptor modulation of three signal-transducing protein kinases: MAP kinase, Raf-1, and RSK

1992 • 948 citations

The Primary Structure of MEK, a Protein Kinase that Phosphorylates the ERK Gene Product

1992 • 931 citations

Stimulation of p21ras upon T-cell activation

1990 • 882 citations

Normal and oncogenic p21ras proteins bind to the amino-terminal regulatory domain of c-Raf-1

1993 • 876 citations

Activation of the MAP kinase pathway by the protein kinase raf

1992 • 816 citations

Direct interaction of Ras and the amino-terminal region of Raf-1 in vitro

1993 • 730 citations

Ras is essential for nerve growth factor- and phorbol ester-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of MAP kinases

1992 • 714 citations

Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase by v-Raf in NIH 3T3 Cells and in Vitro

1992 • 691 citations

Requirement for c-ras proteins during viral oncogene transformation

1986 • 680 citations

Form and Function of Retroviral Proviruses

1982 • 627 citations

Dissection of the protein kinase cascade by which nerve growth factor activates MAP kinases

1991 • 579 citations

Extracellular signal-regulated kinases: ERKs in progress.

1991 • 519 citations

Direct activation of the serine/threonine kinase activity of raf-1 through tyrosine phosphorylation by the PDGF β-receptor

1989 • 513 citations

Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, ERK2, by p21ras oncoprotein.

1992 • 490 citations

Structure and biological activity of v-raf, a unique oncogene transduced by a retrovirus.

1983 • 485 citations

Signal transduction from membrane to cytoplasm: growth factors and membrane-bound oncogene products increase Raf-1 phosphorylation and associated protein kinase activity.

1988 • 458 citations

Mitogen-activated protein kinases: versatile transducers for cell signaling

1992 • 439 citations

Involvement of p21ras in activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2

1992 • 403 citations

Identification of multiple extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) with antipeptide antibodies.

1991 • 392 citations

Purification and characterization of mitogen-activated protein kinase activator(s) from epidermal growth factor-stimulated A431 cells.

1992 • 370 citations

Identification of the major phosphorylation sites of the Raf-1 kinase

1993 • 337 citations

Identification of multiple epidermal growth factor-stimulated protein serine/threonine kinases from Swiss 3T3 cells.

1990 • 336 citations

Raf functions downstream of Rasl in the Sevenless signal transduction pathway

1992 • 323 citations

Requirements for Phosphorylation of Map Kinase During Meiosis in Xenopus Oocytes

1992 • 316 citations

Activation of the c-Raf protein kinase by protein kinase C phosphorylation.

1992 • 288 citations

Xenopus MAP kinase activator: identification and function as a key intermediate in the phosphorylation cascade.

1992 • 264 citations

MAP kinase activator from insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle is a protein threonine/tyrosine kinase.

1992 • 256 citations

Reconstitution of the Raf-1-MEK-ERK signal transduction pathway in vitro.

1993 • 251 citations

Definition of the human raf amino-terminal regulatory region by deletion mutagenesis.

1989 • 240 citations

Serine- and threonine-specific protein kinase activities of purified gag–mil and gag–raf proteins

1984 • 239 citations

Mutational Activation of c-raf-1 and Definition of the Minimal Transforming Sequence

1990 • 232 citations

A Cytosolic Protein Catalyzes the Release of GDP from p21 ^ras

1990 • 231 citations

MAP kinase is constitutively activated in gip2 and src transformed rat 1a fibroblasts.

1992 • 231 citations

The complete coding sequence of the human raf oncogene and the corresponding structure of the c-raf-1 gene

1986 • 225 citations

Evidence for a Ras-dependent extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) cascade.

1992 • 219 citations

Structure and biological activity of human homologs of the raf/mil oncogene.

1985 • 203 citations

Expression of raf family proto-oncogenes in normal mouse tissues.

1990 • 194 citations

Erythropoietin induces Raf-1 activation and Raf-1 is required for erythropoietin-mediated proliferation

1991 • 188 citations

The Many Roads That Lead to Ras

1993 • 185 citations

Interleukin-3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor mediate rapid phosphorylation and activation of cytosolic c-raf.

1990 • 179 citations

Ras Activation by Insulin and Epidermal Growth Factor through Enhanced Exchange of Guanine Nucleotides on p21^ras

1993 • 176 citations

Molecular structure of a protein-tyrosine/threonine kinase activating p42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase: MAP kinase kinase.

1993 • 171 citations

Suppression of c-ras transformation by GTPase-activating protein

1990 • 166 citations

Interleukin 2 induces tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of p72-74 Raf-1 kinase in a T-cell line.

1991 • 165 citations

Raf-1: A kinase currently without a cause but not lacking in effects

1991 • 155 citations

Role of Protein Kinase C in T-Cell Antigen Receptor Regulation of p21^ras: Evidence that Two p21^ras Regulatory Pathways Coexist in Τ Cells

1992 • 151 citations

B-raf, a new member of the raf family, is activated by DNA rearrangement.

1988 • 149 citations

Insulin activates the kinase activity of the Raf-1 proto-oncogene by increasing its serine phosphorylation.

1990 • 148 citations

T cell antigen receptor engagement stimulates c-raf phosphorylation and induces c-raf-associated kinase activity via a protein kinase C-dependent pathway.

1990 • 147 citations

Mutational activation of c-raf-1 and definition of the minimal transforming sequence.

1990 • 146 citations

The complete coding sequence of the human A-raf-1 oncogene and transforming activity of a human A-rafcarrying retrovirus

1987 • 145 citations

Both p21ras and pp60v-src are required, but neither alone is sufficient, to activate the Raf-1 kinase.

1992 • 142 citations

Proliferation of both somatic and germ cells is affected in the Drosophila mutants of raf proto-oncogene.

1988 • 131 citations

Colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) stimulates temperature dependent phosphorylation and activation of the RAF-1 proto-oncogene product.

1990 • 128 citations

Raf-1 is a potential substrate for mitogen-activated protein kinase in vivo

1991 • 126 citations

A novel membrane factor stimulates guanine nucleotide exchange reaction of ras proteins

1990 • 119 citations

Mitogen-activated protein kinase activation resulting from selective oncogene expression in NIH 3T3 and rat 1a cells.

1992 • 119 citations

Epidermal Growth Factor Regulates the Exchange Rate of Guanine Nucleotides on p21^ras in Fibroblasts

1993 • 117 citations

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates association and kinase activity of Raf-1 with the EGF receptor.

1991 • 115 citations

Molecular cloning of an activated human oncogene, homologous to v-raf, from primary stomach cancer.

1985 • 113 citations

Complete coding sequence of a human B-raf cDNA and detection of B-raf protein kinase with isozyme specific antibodies.

1990 • 112 citations

Primary Structure of v- raf : Relatedness to the src Family of Oncogenes

1984 • 112 citations

Control of cell fate determination by p21ras/Ras1, an essential component of torso signaling in Drosophila.

1993 • 110 citations

Evidence that extracellular signal-regulated kinases are the insulin-activated Raf-1 kinase kinases.

1992 • 106 citations

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-3 induce rapid phosphorylation and activation of the proto-oncogene Raf-1 in a human factor-dependent myeloid cell line

1991 • 105 citations

Raf-1 and p21v-ras cooperate in the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase.

1993 • 101 citations

Insulin activates the Raf-1 protein kinase.

1990 • 99 citations

Ras activation by insulin and epidermal growth factor through enhanced exchange of guanine nucleotides on p21ras.

1993 • 97 citations

Activation of human raf transforming genes by deletion of normal amino-terminal coding sequences.

1987 • 95 citations

Role of protein kinase C in T-cell antigen receptor regulation of p21ras: evidence that two p21ras regulatory pathways coexist in T cells.

1992 • 85 citations

95-Kilodalton B-Raf Serine/Threonine Kinase: Identification of the Protein and Its Major Autophosphorylation Site

1992 • 83 citations

Interleukin-2-Triggered Raf-1 Expression, Phosphorylation, and Associated Kinase Activity Increase through G₁ and S in CD3-Stimulated Primary Human T Cells

1991 • 82 citations

How does p21ras transform cells?

1991 • 75 citations

New mammalian transforming retrovirus: demonstration of a polyprotein gene product

1983 • 73 citations

A protein factor for ras p21-dependent activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase through MAP kinase kinase.

1993 • 73 citations

Complementation of byrl in fission yeast by mammalian MAP kinase kinase requires coexpression of Raf kinase

1993 • 73 citations

Drosophila melanogaster homologs of the raf oncogene.

1987 • 70 citations

The phosphorylation and activation of B-raf in PC12 cells stimulated by nerve growth factor.

1991 • 69 citations

Integration of transfected LTR sequences into the c-raf proto-oncogene: activation by promoter insertion.

1985 • 66 citations

The amino acid sequence of a mammalian MAP kinase kinase.

1992 • 66 citations

Epidermal growth factor regulates the exchange rate of guanine nucleotides on p21ras in fibroblasts.

1993 • 59 citations

Both p21^ and pp60^ are required, but neither is sufficient, to activate the Raf-1 kinase.

1992 • 53 citations

Reconstitution of the Raf-1-MEK-ERK Signal Transduction Pathway In Vitro

1993 • 51 citations

The Molecular Biology of Baculoviruses

1986 • 51 citations

Definition of the Human raf Amino-Terminal Regulatory Region by Deletion Mutagenesis

1989 • 50 citations

Insulin and platelet-derived growth factor stimulate phosphorylation of the c-raf product at serine and threonine residues in intact cells.

1991 • 48 citations

Protein kinase C plays a role in the induction of tyrosine phosphorylation of lymphoid microtubule-associated protein-2 kinase. Evidence for a CD3-associated cascade that includes pp56lck and that is defective in HPB-ALL.

1991 • 46 citations

95-kilodalton B-Raf serine/threonine kinase: identification of the protein and its major autophosphorylation site.

1992 • 46 citations

Interleukin-2-triggered Raf-1 expression, phosphorylation, and associated kinase activity increase through G1 and S in CD3-stimulated primary human T cells.

1991 • 40 citations

B-raf, a New Member of the raf Family, is Activated by DNA Rearrangement

1988 • 39 citations

Expression of raf family proto-oncogenes in normal mouse tissues.

1990 • 37 citations

Activation of human c-raf-1 by replacing the N-terminal region with different sequences

1987 • 33 citations

Critical Role of Cellular ras Proteins in Proliferative Signal Transduction

1988 • 31 citations

Identification of a transforming activity suppressing sequence in the c-raf oncogene.

1988 • 30 citations

Activation of Human raf Transforming Genes by Deletion of Normal Amino-Terminal Coding Sequences

1987 • 29 citations

Differential regulation of the p72-74 RAF-1 kinase in 3T3 fibroblasts expressing ras or src oncogenes.

1991 • 24 citations

Drosophila melanogaster Homologs of the raf Oncogene

1987 • 9 citations