A Systematic Review of Randomized Trials Evaluating Regional Techniques for Postthoracotomy Analgesia

Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: Is blinding necessary?

1996 • 17,261 citations

Empirical evidence of bias. Dimensions of methodological quality associated with estimates of treatment effects in controlled trials

1995 • 5,696 citations

Empirical Evidence of Bias

1995 • 5,260 citations

Does quality of reports of randomised trials affect estimates of intervention efficacy reported in meta-analyses?

1998 • 3,578 citations

Severe Neurological Complications after Central Neuraxial Blockades in Sweden 1990–1999

2004 • 953 citations

The Comparative Effects of Postoperative Analgesic Therapies on Pulmonary Outcome

1998 • 949 citations

Acute Pain after Thoracic Surgery Predicts Long-Term Post-Thoracotomy Pain

1996 • 908 citations

Bias in Treatment Assignment in Controlled Clinical Trials

1983 • 889 citations

The Comparative Effects of Postoperative Analgesic Therapies on Pulmonary Outcome

1998 • 828 citations

A comparison of the analgesic efficacy and side-effects of paravertebral vs epidural blockade for thoracotomy—a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials

2006 • 743 citations

Efficacy of Postoperative Patient-controlled and Continuous Infusion Epidural Analgesia versus Intravenous Patient-controlled Analgesia with Opioids

2005 • 454 citations

Effect of Postoperative Analgesia on Major Postoperative Complications: A Systematic Update of the Evidence

2007 • 427 citations

The Effects of Three Different Analgesia Techniques on Long-Term Postthoracotomy Pain

2002 • 382 citations

Preventing and Treating Pain after Thoracic Surgery

2006 • 342 citations

A prospective, randomized comparison of preoperative and continuous balanced epidural or paravertebral bupivacaine on post-thoracotomy pain, pulmonary function and stress responses

1999 • 320 citations

The morbidity, time course and predictive factors for persistent post‐thoracotomy pain

2001 • 315 citations

Pain Control after Thoracic Surgery

1994 • 260 citations

A Randomized Double-blind Comparison of Epidural versus Intravenous Fentanyl Infusion for Analgesia after Thoracotomy

1991 • 226 citations

A Randomized Comparison of Intravenous Versus Lumbar and Thoracic Epidural Fentanyl for Analgesia after Thoracotomy

1992 • 203 citations

A procedure‐specific systematic review and consensus recommendations for analgesia after total hip replacement

2005 • 184 citations

PROSPECT: evidence-based, procedure-specific postoperative pain management

2007 • 184 citations

Continuous Thoracic Epidural Analgesia for Postoperative Pain Relief Following Thoracotomy

1987 • 160 citations

Extradural, paravertebral and intercostal nerve blocks for post-thoracotomy pain

1995 • 140 citations

Postoperative Epidural Opioid Analgesia

1996 • 140 citations

Comparison of continuous thoracic epidural and paravertebral blocks for postoperative analgesia after minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass surgery

2001 • 134 citations

Adrenaline markedly improves thoracic epidural analgesia produced by a low‐dose infusion of bupivacaine, fentanyl and adrenaline after major surgery: A randomised, double‐blind, cross‐over study with and without adrenaline

1998 • 131 citations

Prospective, randomized comparison of extrapleural versus epidural analgesia for postthoracotomy pain

1998 • 128 citations

A randomized double-blind comparison of epidural fentanyl infusion versus patient-controlled analgesia with morphine for postthoracotomy pain.

1993 • 125 citations

Thoracic Epidural Anesthesia Combined with General Anesthesia: The Preferred Anesthetic Technique for Thoracic Surgery

2001 • 121 citations

COMPARISON OF CONTINUOUS PARAVERTEBRAL AND EXTRADURAL INFUSIONS OF BUPIVACAINE FOR PAIN RELIEF AFTER THORACOTOMY

1989 • 119 citations

Post-thoracotomy spirometric lung function: the effect of analgesia. A review.

1999 • 111 citations

Postoperative Epidural Opioid Analgesia

1996 • 106 citations

Epinephrine Markedly Improves Thoracic Epidural Analgesia Produced by a Small-Dose Infusion of Ropivacaine, Fentanyl, and Epinephrine After Major Thoracic or Abdominal Surgery: A Randomized, Double-Blinded Crossover Study With and Without Epinephrine

2002 • 104 citations

Pain management and spirometry following thoracotomy: A prospective, randomized study of four techniques

1993 • 97 citations

Efficacy of continuous extrapleural intercostal nerve block on post-thoracotomy pain and pulmonary mechanics

1990 • 96 citations

Efficacy of preemptive analgesia and continuous extrapleural intercostal nerve block on postthoracotomy pain and pulmonary mechanics

1995 • 96 citations

Continuous epidural infusion of morphine for treatment of pain after thoracic surgery: a new technique.

1984 • 91 citations

A procedure-specific systematic review and consensus recommendations for postoperative analgesia following laparoscopic cholecystectomy

2005 • 90 citations

The minimally effective concentration of adrenaline in a low‐concentration thoracic epidural analgesic infusion of bupivacaine, fentanyl and adrenaline after major surgery A randomized, double‐blind, dose‐finding study.

2003 • 87 citations

Continuous paravertebral extrapleural infusion for post-thoracotomy pain management

1999 • 86 citations

Continuous thoracic epidural fentanyl for post‐thoracotomy pain relief: with or without bupivacaine?

1991 • 84 citations

Epinephrine Markedly Improves Thoracic Epidural Analgesia Produced by a Small-Dose Infusion of Ropivacaine, Fentanyl, and Epinephrine After Major Thoracic or Abdominal Surgery: A Randomized, Double-Blinded Crossover Study With and Without Epinephrine

2002 • 80 citations

Continuous epidural or intercostal analgesia following thoracotomy: a prospective randomized double‐blind clinical trial

2003 • 80 citations

Postoperative Analgesia for Thoracotomy Patients

1975 • 72 citations

Patient-Controlled Epidural Analgesia After Thoracotomy

1996 • 71 citations

Intravenous Tramadol Versus Epidural Morphine for Postthoracotomy Pain Relief

1996 • 71 citations

A Randomized, Double-Blinded Comparison of Intrathecal Morphine, Sufentanil and their Combination versus IV Morphine Patient-Controlled Analgesia for Postthoracotomy Pain

2001 • 71 citations

Postthoracotomy pain management

2002 • 69 citations

Lack of Efficacy of Intrapleural Bupivacaine for Postoperative Analgesia Following Thoracotomy

1993 • 68 citations

The Analgesic Efficacy and Adverse Effects of Continuous Epidural Sufentanil and Bupivacaine Infusion After Thoracotomy

1996 • 67 citations

Management of Postthoracotomy Pain: Acute and Chronic

2006 • 65 citations

The Analgesic Efficacy and Adverse Effects of Continuous Epidural Sufentanil and Bupivacaine Infusion After Thoracotomy

1996 • 64 citations

Analgesic and pulmonary effects of continuous intercostal nerve block following thoracotomy

1991 • 64 citations

A prospective, randomized comparison of interpleural and paravertebral analgesia in thoracic surgery

1995 • 64 citations

A Randomized, Double-Blinded Comparison of Thoracic Epidural Ropivacaine, Ropivacaine/Fentanyl, or Bupivacaine/Fentanyl for Postthoracotomy Analgesia

2002 • 63 citations

Continuous Epidural Infusion of Morphine for Treatment of Pain after Thoracic Surgery

1984 • 63 citations

Intrapleural bupivacaine ν saline after thoracotomy—effects on pain and lung function—a double-blind study

1989 • 62 citations

Continuous intercostal analgesia with 0.5% bupivacaine after thoracotomy: A randomized study

1993 • 61 citations

Comparison of different methods of postoperative analgesia after thoracotomy

1986 • 60 citations

Is intercostal block for pain management in thoracic surgery more successful than epidural anaesthesia?☆

2002 • 59 citations

Patient-Controlled Epidural Analgesia After Thoracotomy

1996 • 57 citations

Tramadol Infusion for Postthoracotomy Pain Relief: A Placebo-Controlled Comparison with Epidural Morphine

2002 • 57 citations

Improvement of ‘dynamic analgesia’ does not decrease atelectasis after thoracotomy

2001 • 55 citations

Intrapleural bupivacaine in the control of postthoracotomy pain

1992 • 54 citations

Intrathecal sufentanil and morphine for post-thoracotomy pain relief

2001 • 53 citations

Interpleural Analgesia Does Not Influence Postthoracotomy Pain

2000 • 52 citations

Effects of Ketorolac Versus Bupivacaine Coadministration During Patient-Controlled Hydromorphone Epidural Analgesia After Thoracotomy Procedures

1997 • 51 citations

Comparison of epidural analgesia and cryoanalgesia in thoracic surgery

1994 • 51 citations

EFFICACY OF CONTINUOUS INTERCOSTAL BUPIVACAINE FOR PAIN RELIEF AFTER THORACOTOMY

1993 • 49 citations

Intravenous Tramadol Versus Epidural Morphine for Postthoracotomy Pain Relief

1996 • 49 citations

Thoracic epidural analgesia with bupivacaine and fentanyl for postoperative thoracotomy pain

1994 • 48 citations

Influence of thoracic epidural analgesia on cardiovascular autonomic control after thoracic surgery

2003 • 47 citations

Treatment of post–thoracotomy pain with intermittent instillations of intrapleural bupivacaine

1989 • 47 citations

Intraoperative intercostal nerve blockade for postthoracotomy pain

2002 • 46 citations

Thoracic epidural infusions for post‐thoracotomy pain: a comparison of fentanyl–bupivacaine mixtures vs. fentanyl alone

1999 • 44 citations

A randomized controlled trial of continuous extra-pleural analgesia post-thoracotomy: efficacy and choice of local anaesthetic

1999 • 42 citations

Intrathecal fentanyl for post-thoracotomy pain

1995 • 42 citations

Comparison of intrapleural versus intravenous morphine for postthoracotomy pain management

1995 • 41 citations

EFFECT OF INTERPLEURAL MORPHINE ON POSTOPERATIVE PAIN AND PULMONARY FUNCTION AFTER THORACOTOMY

1992 • 40 citations

Effects of epidural bupivacaine after thoracotomy.

1995 • 40 citations

Interpleural Analgesia Does Not Influence Postthoracotomy Pain

2000 • 39 citations

Intercostal nerve block, interpleural analgesia, thoracic epidural block or systemic opioid application for pain relief after thoracotomy?

1993 • 39 citations

Pulmonary complications after lung resection: the effect of continuous extrapleural intercostal nerve block

1990 • 39 citations

A HIGH DOSE REGIMEN OF TRIAMCINOLONE INDUCES RESISTANCE TO VECURONIUM NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCK IN CATS

1991 • 38 citations

[Continuous peridural analgesia vs patient - controlled intravenous analgesia for pain therapy after thoracotomy]

2000 • 38 citations

Interpleural Infusion of 2% Lidocaine with. 1

1994 • 37 citations

Post-thoracotomy analgesia: epidural vs intravenous morphine continuous infusion.

2002 • 35 citations

Extradural versus intramuscular diamorphine

1983 • 35 citations

Intermittent infusion of 0.25% bupivacaine through an intrapleural catheter for post-thoracotomy pain relief

2004 • 35 citations

A randomized controlled trial of continuous extra-pleural analgesia post-thoracotomy: efficacy and choice of local anaesthetic

1999 • 31 citations

Comparison between repeat bolus intrathecal morphine and an epidurally delivered bupivacaine and fentanyl combination in the management of post-thoracotomy pain with or without cyclooxygenase inhibition

2002 • 30 citations

Interpleural or thoracic epidural analgesia for pain after thoracotomy. A double blind study

1994 • 29 citations

Continuous Extrapleural Intercostal Nerve Block and Post-Thoracotomy Pulmonary Complications

1992 • 25 citations

Efficacy of ketorolac tromethamine and extrapleural intercostal nerve block on post-thoracotomy pain. A prospective, randomized study.

1996 • 22 citations

The effect of continuous epidural analgesia with sufentanil and bupivacaine during and after thoracic surgery on the plasma cortisol concentration and pain relief.

1989 • 21 citations

Pleural bupivacaine placement for optimal postthoracotomy pulmonary function: A prospective, randomized study

1998 • 21 citations

Sympatho‐adrenal and pituitary hormone responses during and immediately after thoracic surgery ‐ modulation by four different pain treatments

1987 • 20 citations

Double-blind randomized evaluation of intercostal nerve blocks as an adjuvant to subarachnoid administered morphine for post-thoracotomy analgesia.

1995 • 20 citations

Pain relief for thoracotomy. Comparison of morphine requirements using an extrapleural infusion of bupivacaine.

1995 • 20 citations

Extrapleural regional versus systemic analgesia for relieving postthoracotomy pain: a clinical study of bupivacaine compared with metamizol

2003 • 19 citations

Ventilatory function and continuous high thoracic epidural administration of bupivacaine with sufentanil intravenously or epidurally: a double-blind comparison.

1991 • 18 citations

Intrapleural Bupivacaine for Early Post-Thoracotomy Analgesia - Comparison with Bupivacaine Intercostal Block and Cryofreezing

1990 • 18 citations

A combined chest drain and intrapleural catheter for post‐thoracotomy pain relief

1993 • 15 citations

Inhibition of the HERG Channel by Droperidol Depends on Channel Gating and Involves the S6 Residue F656: Retracted

2008 • 15 citations

Postoperative pain relief and respiratory performance after thoracotomy: a controlled trial comparing the effect of epidural morphine and subcutaneous nicomorphine.

1986 • 14 citations

RAPID SEQUENCE INTUBATION

1992 • 12 citations

Evaluation of Bupivacaine Nerve Blocks in the Modification of Pain and Pulmonary Function Changes after Thoracotomy

1980 • 9 citations

Postoperative analgesia by nicomorphine intramuscularly versus high thoracic epidural administration: Effects on ventilatory and airway occlusion pressure responses to CO2

1986 • 9 citations

Continuous epidural analgesia versus patient controlled intravenous analgesia for postthoracotomy pain

2000 • 8 citations

Efficacy of Continuous Extrapleural Intercostal Nerve Block on Post-Thoracotomy pain and Pulmonary Mechanics

1990 • 4 citations