Pharmacologic Properties of PhenylN-tert-Butylnitrone

Role of transcription factor NF-kappa B/Rel in induction of nitric oxide synthase.

1994 • 2,216 citations

A cytokine-responsive IκB kinase that activates the transcription factor NF-κB

1997 • 2,137 citations

The IκB Kinase Complex (IKK) Contains Two Kinase Subunits, IKKα and IKKβ, Necessary for IκB Phosphorylation and NF-κB Activation

1997 • 1,802 citations

The anti-inflammatory agents aspirin and salicylate inhibit the activity of IκB kinase-β

1998 • 1,561 citations

Dithiocarbamates as potent inhibitors of nuclear factor kappa B activation in intact cells.

1992 • 1,524 citations

Spin trapping

1971 • 829 citations

Reversal of age-related increase in brain protein oxidation, decrease in enzyme activity, and loss in temporal and spatial memory by chronic administration of the spin-trapping compound N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone.

1991 • 734 citations

Oxidative DNA damage and senescence of human diploid fibroblast cells.

1995 • 697 citations

Demonstration of free radical generation in "stunned" myocardium of intact dogs with the use of the spin trap alpha-phenyl N-tert-butyl nitrone.

1988 • 691 citations

Interleukin-10 is a central regulator of the response to LPS in murine models of endotoxic shock and the Shwartzman reaction but not endotoxin tolerance.

1995 • 537 citations

Free radical-mediated oxidative DNA damage in the mechanism of thalidomide teratogenicity

1999 • 490 citations

Involvement of Free Radicals in Excitotoxicity In Vivo

1995 • 325 citations

Hydroxyl Radical is the Major Causative Factor in Stress-Induced Gastric Ulceration

1997 • 320 citations

Oxidative damage in chemical teratogenesis

1997 • 255 citations

Reactive oxygen intermediates contribute to necrotic and apoptotic neuronal injury in an infant rat model of bacterial meningitis due to group B streptococci.

1996 • 235 citations

Free radical oxidation of brain proteins in accelerated senescence and its modulation by N -tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone

1997 • 234 citations

N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone improves recovery of brain energy state in rats following transient focal ischemia.

1995 • 233 citations

Melatonin and a spin-trap compound block radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation-induced DNA strand breaks in rat brain cells

1997 • 229 citations

α-Phenyl-tert-butyl-nitrone reduces cortical infarct and edema in rats subjected to focal ischemia

1994 • 224 citations

Free radical scavenging and inhibition of nitric oxide synthase potentiates the neurotrophic effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor on axotomized retinal ganglion cells In vivo.

1998 • 206 citations

Mechanisms of secondary brain injury

1996 • 197 citations

Delayed treatment with the spin trap α‐phenyl‐N‐tert‐butyl nitrone (PBN) reduces infarct size following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats

1994 • 196 citations

Chronic antioxidant treatment improves the cognitive performance of aged rats

1995 • 186 citations

Protection against oxidative damage to CNS by α-phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) and other spin-trapping agents: A novel series of nonlipid free radical scavengers

1991 • 183 citations

In vivo evidence for free radical involvement in the degeneration of rat brain 5‐HT following administration of MDMA (‘ecstasy’) and p‐chloroamphetamine but not the degeneration following fenfluramine

1997 • 176 citations

Reduced Superoxide Dismutase in Lung Cells of Patients with Asthma

1997 • 162 citations

Free Radical Scavenging and Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthase Potentiates the Neurotrophic Effects of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor on Axotomized Retinal Ganglion CellsIn Vivo

1998 • 157 citations

INVOLVEMENT OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN 3-NITROPROPIONIC ACID NEUROTOXICITY

1996 • 146 citations

Resveratrol, melatonin, vitamin E, and PBN protect against renal oxidative DNA damage induced by the kidney carcinogen KBrO3

1999 • 138 citations

Melatonin and N‐tert‐butyl‐α‐phenylnitrone block 60‐Hz magnetic field‐induced DNA single and double strand breaks in rat brain cells

1997 • 127 citations

Spin-trappers and vitamin E prolong endurance to muscle fatigue in mice

1990 • 118 citations

Interaction of α‐Phenyl‐N‐tert‐Butyl Nitrone and Alternative Electron Acceptors with Complex I Indicates a Substrate Reduction Site Upstream from the Rotenone Binding Site

1998 • 118 citations

[22] Spin trapping

1984 • 115 citations

Involvement of free radicals in cerebral vascular reperfusion injury evaluated in a transient focal cerebral ischemia model of rat

1999 • 115 citations

Oxidative Damage to Behavior During Aging

1991 • 112 citations

Redox-sensitive protein phosphatase activity regulates the phosphorylation state of p38 protein kinase in primary astrocyte culture

1999 • 111 citations

The spin trap reagent α-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone prevents ‘ecstasy’-induced neurodegeneration of 5-hydroxytryptamine neurones

1995 • 107 citations

Oxidative stress following traumatic brain injury in rats

1997 • 106 citations

Inhibition of NF-κB, iNOS mRNA, COX2 mRNA, and COX catalytic activity by phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN)

1998 • 98 citations

Expression of Cytokines and Activation of Transcription Factors in Lipopolysaccharide-Administered Rats and Their Inhibition by PhenylN-tert-Butylnitrone (PBN)

1999 • 95 citations

Involvement of Reactive Oxygen Species in Membrane Phospholipid Breakdown and Energy Perturbation After Traumatic Brain Injury in the Rat

1998 • 95 citations

Amyloid β Peptides Do Not Form Peptide-derived Free Radicals Spontaneously, but Can Enhance Metal-catalyzed Oxidation of Hydroxylamines to Nitroxides

1999 • 94 citations

Characterization of the Radical Trapping Activity of a Novel Series of Cyclic Nitrone Spin Traps

1996 • 92 citations

Cochlear Protection from Carbon Monoxide Exposure by Free Radical Blockers in the Guinea Pig

1997 • 89 citations

Distribution of spin-trapping compounds in rat blood and brain: In vivo microdialysis determination

1993 • 80 citations

HPLC procedure for the pharmacokinetic study of the spin-trapping agent, α-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN)

1990 • 80 citations

Aging‐ and Oxygen‐induced Modifications in Brain Biochemistry and Behavior^a

1994 • 79 citations

Prevention of Hyperoxia‐Induced Alterations in Synaptosomal Membrane‐Associated Proteins by N‐tert‐Butyl‐α‐Phenylnitrone and 4‐Hydroxy‐2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐oxyl (Tempol)

1996 • 74 citations

Alpha-Phenyl-Tert-Butyl-Nitrone (PBN) Attenuates Hydroxyl Radical Production During Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury of Rat Brain: An EPR Study

1993 • 74 citations

α-phenyl-tert-butyl-nitrone inhibits free radical release in brain concussion

1994 • 72 citations

Age differences in sensitivity to H2O2- or no-induced reductions in K+-evoked dopamine release from superfused striatal slices: Reversals by PBN or Trolox

1996 • 72 citations

Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate protects mice from lethal shock induced by LPS or TNF-α

1999 • 71 citations

Redox-Mediated Gene Therapies for Environmental Injury: Approaches and Concepts

1999 • 70 citations

PYRROLIDINE DITHIOCARBAMATE AUGMENTS IL-10, INHIBITS TNF-α, MIP-1α, IL-12, AND NITRIC OXIDE PRODUCTION AND PROTECTS FROM THE LETHAL EFFECT OF ENDOTOXIN

1998 • 69 citations

Nitric oxide formation during light-induced decomposition of phenyl N-tert-butylnitrone

1993 • 68 citations

Vasodilatory and toxic effects of spin traps on aerobic cardiac function☆

1993 • 64 citations

Differential Susceptibility of Brain Areas to Cyanide Involves Different Modes of Cell Death

1999 • 62 citations

Determination and characterization of nitric oxide generation in mice by in vivo l‐band EPR spectroscopy

1997 • 61 citations

Nitrone Spin-Traps Block Calcium Channels and Induce Pulmonary Artery Relaxation Independent of Free Radicals

1993 • 60 citations

Spin trap salvage from endotoxemia: the role of cytokine down-regulation.

1992 • 59 citations

MPP+Produces Progressive Neuronal Degeneration Which Is Mediated by Oxidative Stress

1997 • 59 citations

Alpha-Phenyl-N-Tert-Butylnitrone Attenuates Excitotoxicity in Rat Striatum by Preventing Hydroxyl Radical Accumulation

1997 • 57 citations

Nonlinear evolution of perturbations in marginally stable plasmas

1998 • 57 citations

Optimal Time and Dosage of Phenyl N-Tert-Butyl Nitrone (PBN) for the Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthase Induction in Mice

1997 • 55 citations

Effect of the Spin-Trapping CompoundN-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone on Protein Oxidation and Life Span

1995 • 55 citations

Biological spin trapping II. Toxicity of nitrone spin traps: dose-ranging in the rat

1995 • 54 citations

Real‐time continuous‐flow spin trapping of hydroxyl free radical in the ischemic and post‐ischemic myocardium

1989 • 54 citations

?-Phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone attenuates methamphetamine-induced depletion of striatal dopamine without altering hyperthermia

1996 • 51 citations

MPTP-induced deficits in motor activity: Neuroprotective effects of the spintrapping agent, ?-phenyl-tert-butyl-nitrone (PBN)

1997 • 51 citations

The effect of spin traps on phenylhydrazine-induced haemolysis

1983 • 50 citations

Cytotoxicity of spin trapping compounds

1997 • 50 citations

Biological spin trapping methodology. III. Octanol-water partition coefficients of spin-trapping compounds

1996 • 48 citations

Inhibition by phenyl N-tert-butyl nitrone of early phase carcinogenesis in the livers of rats fed a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined diet.

1998 • 46 citations

The spin trap, α‐phenyl N‐tert‐butylnitrone, inhibits the oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein

1991 • 45 citations

Effects of the spin trap‐α‐phenyl‐N‐tert‐butyl nitrone (PBN) in transient forebrain ischaemia in the rat

1996 • 42 citations

Radical Trapping and Inhibition of Iron‐Dependent CNS Damage by Cyclic Nitrone Spin Traps

1997 • 42 citations

Facile one-step synthesis of phenyl-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) and its derivatives

1985 • 41 citations

Protective activity of the spin trap tert-bytyl-α-phenyl nitrone (PBN) in reperfused rat heart

1992 • 40 citations

Oxidative stress and age-related neuronal deficits

1996 • 38 citations

Effects of α‐Phenyl‐tert‐Butylnitrone and Selegiline on Hydroxyl Free Radicals in Rat Striatum Produced by Local Application of Glutamate

1998 • 38 citations

Failure of allopurinol and a spin trapping agent N‐t‐butyl‐α‐phenyl nitrone to modify significantly ischaemia and reperfusion‐induced arrhythmias

1987 • 37 citations

Teratogenicity of the class III antiarrhythmic drug almokalant. Role of hypoxia and reactive oxygen species

1999 • 35 citations

Design, Synthesis, and in Vitro Evaluation of Cyclic Nitrones as Free Radical Traps for the Treatment of Stroke

1996 • 34 citations

N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone protects against 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-induced depletion of serotonin in rats

1999 • 32 citations

Effect of spin traps in isolated rat hepatocytes and liver microsomes

1986 • 30 citations

The spin trap reagent PBN attenuates degeneration of 5-HT neurones in rat brain induced by p-chloroamphetamine but not fenfluramine

1996 • 29 citations

Spin trap protection from tumor necrosis factor cytotoxicity

1991 • 29 citations

In vivo or in vitro administration of the nitrone spin-trapping compound, n-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone, (PBN) reduces age-related deficits in striatal muscarinic receptor sensitivity

1995 • 28 citations

Spin trapping agent phenyl N‐tert‐butylnitrone protects against the onset of drug‐induced insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus

1997 • 28 citations

The effects of α-phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) on copper-induced rat fulminant hepatitis with jaundice

1996 • 28 citations

Multiple mechanisms for inhibition of low density lipoprotein oxidation by novel cyclic nitrone spin traps.

1994 • 27 citations

α-Phenyl N-Tert-Butyl Nitrone (PBN) Increases the Cortical Cerebral Blood Flow by Inhibiting the Breakdown of Nitric Oxide in Anesthetized Rats

1995 • 27 citations

Phenyl N-Tert-Butyl Nitrone Forms Nitric Oxide as a Result of Its Fe(Iii)-Catalyzed Hydrolysis Or Hydroxyl Radical Adduct Formation

1995 • 27 citations

Basal Protein Phosphorylation Is Decreased and Phosphatase Activity Increased by an Antioxidant and a Free Radical Trap in Primary Rat Glia

1999 • 27 citations

Effects of the spin trap α-phenyl n-tert-butyl nitrone on myocardial function and flow: A dose-response study in the open-chest dog and in the isolated rat heart

1993 • 26 citations

In VivoTrapping of Nitric Oxide in the Brain of Neonatal Rats Treated with the HIV-1 Envelope Protein gp 120: Protective Effects of α-Phenyl-tert-butylnitrone

1996 • 26 citations

Oxygen-derived free radicals in the pathogenesis of experimental shock

1989 • 25 citations

Effect of normobaric hyperoxia on two indexes of synaptic function in fisher 344 rats

1999 • 23 citations

N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone: a free radical trap with unanticipated effects on diaphragm function

1996 • 23 citations

Hepatic Nitric Oxide Formation: Spin Trapping Detection in Biliary Efflux

1996 • 23 citations

Azulenyl Nitrone Spin Traps Protect against MPTP Neurotoxicity

1998 • 22 citations

Pretreatment with α-Phenyl-N-tert-butyl-nitrone (PBN) Improves Energy Metabolism after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

1997 • 22 citations

Blood chemistry changes in the rat induced by high doses of nitronyl free radical spin traps

1996 • 22 citations

Amelioration of Age-Related Deficits in the Stimulation of Synapsin Phosphorylation

1997 • 21 citations

Treatment with the spin-trap agent α-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone does not enhance the survival of embryonic or adult dopamine neurons

1998 • 20 citations

Release of Nitric Oxide from a Spin Trap, N-tert-butyl-.ALPHA.-phenylnitrone, under Various Oxidative Conditions.

1998 • 18 citations

Phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone Demonstrates Broad-Spectrum Inhibition of Apoptosis-Associated Gene Expression in Endotoxin-Treated Rats

1999 • 18 citations

Cyclic Nitrone Free Radical Traps: Isolation, Identification, and Synthesis of 3,3-Dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-4-ol N-Oxide, a Metabolite with Reduced Side Effects

1996 • 17 citations

Continuous Monitoring ofin VivoNitric Oxide Formation Using EPR Analysis in Biliary Flow

1999 • 17 citations

In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of a Novel Series of Radical Trapping Agents in Model Systems of CNS Oxidative Damage

1994 • 16 citations

PBN spin trapping of free radicals in the reperfusion-injured heart. Limitations for pharmacological investigations.

1998 • 15 citations

The spin trap alpha-phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone protects against myelotoxicity and cardiotoxicity of adriamycin while preserving the cytotoxic activity.

1993 • 15 citations

Site-specific trapping of reactive species in low-density lipoprotein oxidation: Biological implications

1993 • 15 citations

Progressive Effect of α-Phenyl-N-Tert-Butyl Nitrone (PBN) on Rat Embryo Development in Vitro

1997 • 13 citations

Evaluation of Nitrone Spin-Trapping Agents as Radioprotectors

1996 • 13 citations

MRI study of the inhibitory effect of new spin traps on in vivo CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

1993 • 13 citations

Lack of Protection of Pbn in Isolated Heart During Ischemia and Reperfusion: Implications for Radical Scavenging Mechanism

1994 • 12 citations

Cutaneous tolerance to nitroxide free radicals and nitrone spin traps in the guinea pig

1998 • 11 citations

Effects of α-Phenyl-N-tert-butyl Nitrone (PBN) on Compression Injury of Rat Spinal Cord

1997 • 11 citations

The hydrophilic spin trap, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide, does not protect the rat heart from reperfusion injury

1993 • 9 citations

Postischemic cell death in reperfused porcine hearts is not attenuated by the spin trap agent PBN during early reperfusion

1993 • 6 citations

Oxygen radicals in the nonvagal component of noncholinergic airway constriction

1996 • 4 citations

Can Spin Trapping Compounds Like PBN Protect Against Self-Inflicted Damage in Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes?

1995 • 4 citations