Why sex matters for neuroscience

The psychology of sex differences

1975 • 5,698 citations

THE AMYGDALA MODULATES THE CONSOLIDATION OF MEMORIES OF EMOTIONALLY AROUSING EXPERIENCES

2004 • 2,192 citations

The neurobiology of stress: from serendipity to clinical relevance11Published on the World Wide Web on 22 November 2000.

2000 • 1,784 citations

Inactivation of Hippocampus or Caudate Nucleus with Lidocaine Differentially Affects Expression of Place and Response Learning

1996 • 1,470 citations

The Psychology of Sex Differences

1974 • 1,462 citations

Normal Sexual Dimorphism of the Adult Human Brain Assessed by In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2001 • 1,015 citations

Male, female: The evolution of human sex differences.

1998 • 980 citations

The Amygdala: a functional analysis

2000 • 969 citations

Strategies and Methods for Research on Sex Differences in Brain and Behavior

2004 • 763 citations

Gender Differences in Dopaminergic Function in Striatum and Nucleus Accumbens

1999 • 689 citations

Sex differences in the neural basis of emotional memories

2002 • 671 citations

Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health

2001 • 638 citations

Biological basis of sex differences in drug abuse: preclinical and clinical studies

2002 • 600 citations

Structural Covariance in the Human Cortex

2005 • 587 citations

Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health: Does Sex Matter?

2001 • 542 citations

Sex Differences in the Clinical Manifestations of Alzheimer Disease Pathology

2005 • 531 citations

Neuroimaging Abnormalities in the Amygdala in Mood Disorders

2003 • 517 citations

Minireview: Sex Differences in Adult and Developing Brains: Compensation, Compensation, Compensation

2003 • 488 citations

Sex-Related Difference in Amygdala Activity during Emotionally Influenced Memory Storage

2001 • 417 citations

Sex differences in hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and Pavlovian fear conditioning in rats: positive correlation between LTP and contextual learning

1994 • 414 citations

Sexual dimorphism and asymmetries in the gray–white composition of the human cerebrum

2003 • 397 citations

Sex chromosomes and brain gender

2004 • 366 citations

Sex-Related Hemispheric Lateralization of Amygdala Function in Emotionally Influenced Memory: An fMRI Investigation

2004 • 361 citations

Oxytocin improves long-lasting spatial memory during motherhood through MAP kinase cascade

2003 • 354 citations

Gender effects on cortical thickness and the influence of scaling

2005 • 349 citations

Hormonal Cycle Modulates Arousal Circuitry in Women Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2005 • 345 citations

Gender and Age Influences on Human Brain Mu-Opioid Receptor Binding Measured by PET

1999 • 332 citations

Sex, sexual orientation and sex hormones influence human cognitive function

1996 • 323 citations

Gonadal Steroids: Effects on Excitability of Hippocampal Pyramidal Cells

1980 • 310 citations

Sex-related Differences in a Gambling Task and Its Neurological Correlates

2004 • 307 citations

Sex differences in mental abilities, hemispheric lateralization, and rate of physical growth at adolescence.

1977 • 304 citations

Sex Differences in Opioid Analgesia: “From Mouse to Man”

2003 • 300 citations

Sex-related differences in IBS patients: central processing of visceral stimuli

2003 • 293 citations

Sex differences in amygdala activation during the perception of facial affect

2001 • 253 citations

The Neural Correlates of Cue-Induced Craving in Cocaine-Dependent Women

2004 • 249 citations

Sex differences in the recall of affective experiences.

1998 • 248 citations

Gender differences in the functional organization of the brain for working memory

2000 • 248 citations

Sex, Apolipoprotein E ε4 Status, and Hippocampal Volume in Mild Cognitive Impairment

2005 • 247 citations

Gonadal hormone modulation of dendrites in the mammalian CNS

2005 • 239 citations

Role of estrogen in balancing contributions from multiple memory systems

2004 • 221 citations

Sex differences in the recall of affective experiences.

1998 • 219 citations

Sex differences in the dendritic branching of dentate granule cells following differential experience

1985 • 207 citations

Sex Differences in the Responses of the Human Amygdala

2005 • 202 citations

Estradiol and testosterone in specific regions of the human female brain in different endocrine states

1995 • 202 citations

Sex-related differences in amygdala functional connectivity during resting conditions

2005 • 201 citations

Sexual dimorphism in the mammalian limbic system

1995 • 201 citations

Sexually Dimorphic Responses of the Brain Norepinephrine System to Stress and Corticotropin-Releasing Factor

2005 • 200 citations

Depressive symptoms, sex, and risk for Alzheimer's disease

2005 • 197 citations

A Sex Difference on a Novel Spatial Working Memory Task in Humans

2001 • 197 citations

Neural sexual mosaicism: Sexual differentiation of the human temporo-parietal region for functional asymmetry

1991 • 194 citations

Acute effects of d -amphetamine during the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle in women

1999 • 193 citations

Sex-Dependent Behavioral Effects of Cerebral Cortical Lesions in the Developing Rhesus Monkey

1974 • 192 citations

Estrogen mediates sex differences in stress-induced prefrontal cortex dysfunction

2003 • 190 citations

Sexual differentiation of monoaminergic neurons - genetic or epigenetic?

1991 • 189 citations

Sexually Dimorphic Synaptic Organization of the Medial Amygdala

2005 • 184 citations

Sex differences in “cognitive” regions of the rat brain

1991 • 183 citations

Does gender play a role in functional asymmetry of ventromedial prefrontal cortex?

2005 • 181 citations

Visualizing Sexual Dimorphism in the Brain

2004 • 178 citations

Stress Differentially Modulates Fear Conditioning in Healthy Men and Women

2005 • 175 citations

Gender differences in the functional neuroanatomy of emotional episodic autobiographical memory

2005 • 174 citations

SEXUALLY-DIMORPHIC PATTERNS OF CORTICAL ASYMMETRY, AND THE ROLE FOR SEX STEROID HORMONES IN DETERMINING CORTICAL PATTERNS OF LATERALIZATION

1998 • 168 citations

Hemispheric Asymmetries in the Behavioral and Hormonal Effects of Sexually Differentiating Mammalian Brain

1982 • 158 citations

Monoamine Metabolism in Human Brain

1977 • 157 citations

Sex Differences in Brain Morphology in Schizophrenia

1997 • 154 citations

Distinct amygdala–autonomic arousal profiles in response to fear signals in healthy males and females

2005 • 140 citations

Gonadal Steroids, Learning, and Memory

2002 • 130 citations

Posttraining intrahippocampal estradiol injections enhance spatial memory in male rats: Interaction with cholinergic systems.

1996 • 130 citations

Sexual dimorphism of glucocorticoid binding in rat brain

1985 • 129 citations

Seeing the unexpected: How sex differences in stress responses may provide a new perspective on the manifestation of psychiatric disorders

2002 • 128 citations

Influence of sex and estrous cyclicity on conditioned cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior in rats

2005 • 128 citations

Stereotypes and Steroids: Using a Psychobiosocial Model to Understand Cognitive Sex Differences

2001 • 122 citations

Hemispheric asymmetry in spatial attention across the menstrual cycle

2005 • 118 citations

Posttraining intrahippocampal estradiol injections enhance spatial memory in male rats: Interaction with cholinergic systems.

1996 • 116 citations

Structural and Functional Sex Differences in the Human Hypothalamus

2001 • 113 citations

Sex Differences in Hippocampal Estradiol-Induced N-Methyl-<i>D</i>-Aspartic Acid Binding and Ultrastructural Localization of Estrogen Receptor-Alpha

2005 • 110 citations

A sexually dimorphic ratio of orbitofrontal to amygdala volume is altered in schizophrenia

2004 • 103 citations

Expression of c-fos and BDNF mRNA in subregions of the prefrontal cortex of male and female rats after acute uncontrollable stress

2005 • 102 citations

Sex- and hemisphere-related influences on the neurobiology of emotionally influenced memory

2003 • 99 citations

Separation-induced receptor changes in the hippocampus and amygdala of Octodon degus: influence of maternal vocalizations.

2003 • 98 citations

Sex Differences in Hemispheric Asymmetries of the Human Brain

1964 • 90 citations

Separation-Induced Receptor Changes in the Hippocampus and Amygdala ofOctodon degus: Influence of Maternal Vocalizations

2003 • 89 citations

Sex Differences in the Brain

1966 • 89 citations

Sexual dimorphism in the vasopressin system: Lack of an altered behavioral phenotype in female V1a receptor knockout mice

2005 • 86 citations

Functional dissociation of amygdala-modulated arousal and cognitive appraisal, in Turner syndrome

2005 • 86 citations

Masculinizing effects on otoacoustic emissions and auditory evoked potentials in women using oral contraceptives

2000 • 68 citations

3D morphometrics of craniofacial dysmorphology reveals sex-specific asymmetries in schizophrenia

2003 • 67 citations

Cocaine-induced cerebral vasoconstriction differs as a function of sex and menstrual cycle phase

2001 • 64 citations

Effects of gender on blood flow correlates of naming concrete entities

2003 • 61 citations

Memory enhancement induced by post-training intrabasolateral amygdala infusions of β-adrenergic or muscarinic agonists requires activation of dopamine receptors: Involvement of right, but not left, basolateral amygdala

2005 • 61 citations

Cerebral asymmetry and the lateralization of language: core deficits in schizophrenia as pointers to the gene

2004 • 58 citations

DETERMINATION OF 5‐HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE, 5‐HYDROXYINDOLEACETIC ACID AND HOMOVANILLIC ACID IN BRAIN TISSUE FROM AN AUTOPSY MATERIAL

1974 • 56 citations

Effect of the Estrous Cycle on Water Maze Acquisition Depends on the Temperature of the Water.

2004 • 51 citations

GABA_A Receptors as Broadcasters of Sexually Differentiating Signals in the Brain

2005 • 42 citations

Sex differences in adult and developing brains; compensation, compensation, compensation

2004 • 40 citations

Modulation of long-term memory storage in humans by emotional arousal: adrenergic activation and the amygdala

2000 • 35 citations

Opposite effects of stressful experience on memory formation in males versus females

2002 • 33 citations

Inhibitory Avoidance Task Reveals Differences in Ectonucleotidase Activities between Male and Female Rats

2004 • 17 citations

Human Raphe Magnus Nucleus: a morphometric Golgi–Cox study with emphasis on sex differences

2001 • 14 citations