Mechanisms that Result in Damage During and Following Cerebral Ischemia

Cell Death: The Significance of Apoptosis

1980 • 7,281 citations

Excitatory Amino Acids as a Final Common Pathway for Neurologic Disorders

1994 • 2,668 citations

Mechanisms and Genes of Cellular Suicide

1995 • 2,514 citations

Viability thresholds and the penumbra of focal ischemia

1994 • 1,358 citations

Calcium: still center-stage in hypoxic-ischemic neuronal death

1995 • 921 citations

Metabotropic glutamate receptors in brain function and pathology

1993 • 799 citations

Ischaemia-reperfusion injury

1994 • 731 citations

Flavonoids as antioxidant agents: Importance of their interaction with biomembranes

1995 • 703 citations

Glutamate Release and Free Radical Production Following Brain Injury: Effects of Posttraumatic Hypothermia

1995 • 616 citations

Interleukin-1 as a Pathogenetic Mediator of Ischemic Brain Damage in Rats

1995 • 572 citations

Clinical Experience With Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonist Drugs

1995 • 499 citations

Intraischemic but Not Postischemic Brain Hypothermia Protects Chronically following Global Forebrain Ischemia in Rats

1993 • 481 citations

Therapeutic modulation of brain temperature: relevance to ischemic brain injury.

1992 • 429 citations

Hundred-fold increase in neuronal vulnerability to glutamate toxicity in astrocyte-poor cultures of rat cerebral cortex

1989 • 390 citations

Brain injury, edema, and vascular permeability changes induced by oxygen‐derived free radicals

1984 • 387 citations

Mechanisms of delayed cell death following hypoxic-ischemic injury in the immature rat: evidence for apoptosis during selective neuronal loss

1995 • 356 citations

Induction of Interleukin‐1β mRNA in Rat Brain After Transient Forebrain Ischemia

1992 • 336 citations

Infarct Rim: Effect of Hyperglycemia on Direct Current Potential and [¹⁴C]2-Deoxyglucose Phosphorylation

1986 • 334 citations

Reperfusion-induced injury to the blood-brain barrier after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.

1994 • 329 citations

NMDA receptor-dependent excitotoxicity: the role of intracellular Ca2+ release

1995 • 319 citations

Flavonoids inhibit cytokine-induced endothelial cell adhesion protein gene expression.

1995 • 311 citations

Implications of the Blood-Brain Barrier and Its Manipulation

1989 • 308 citations

Oxygen Radicals in Focal Cerebral Ischemia

1994 • 263 citations

Therapeutic Potential of the Lazaroids (21-Aminosteroids) in Acute Central Nervous System Trauma, Ischemia and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

1994 • 217 citations

Endonuclease activation following focal ischemic injury in the rat brain

1993 • 211 citations

Glutamate, calcium, and free radicals as mediators of ischemic brain damage

1995 • 201 citations

Glutamate‐Mediated Injury in Focal Cerebral Ischemia: The Excitotoxin Hypothesis Revised

1994 • 199 citations

Evolving Concepts About the Role of Acidosis in Ischemic Neuropathology

1993 • 191 citations

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of nimodipine in acute ischemic hemispheric stroke.

1994 • 183 citations

Delayed Treatment with AMPA, but Not NMDA, Antagonists Reduces Neocortical Infarction

1994 • 178 citations

The cerebral ischemic penumbra.

1987 • 175 citations

Mechanisms of cell death

1991 • 174 citations

Energy requirements of CNS cells as related to their function and to their vulnerability to ischemia: a commentary based on studies on retina

1992 • 165 citations

Influence of Mild Hypothermia on Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage in the Immature Rat

1993 • 164 citations

Continuing Ischemic Damage After Acute Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction in Humans Demonstrated by Short-Echo Proton Spectroscopy

1995 • 153 citations

Mechanisms for Anoxic Survival in the Vertebrate Brain

1992 • 148 citations

Downregulation of sodium channels during anoxia: a putative survival strategy of turtle brain

1992 • 142 citations

Acidosis Causes Failure of Astrocyte Glutamate Uptake during Hypoxia

1995 • 142 citations

Release of inhibitory neurotransmitters in response to anoxia in turtle brain

1991 • 137 citations

DNA fragmentation indicative of apoptosis following unilateral cerebral hypoxia-ischemia in the neonatal rat

1995 • 135 citations

Neutrophil as a mediator of ischemic edema formation in the brain

1991 • 131 citations

[78] Oxygen-derived free radicals in reperfusion injury

1990 • 125 citations

Oligodendroglial precursor cell susceptibility to hypoxia is related to poor ability to cope with reactive oxygen species

1995 • 123 citations

Calpain as a novel target for treating acute neurodegenerative disorders

1995 • 122 citations

Visualization of DNA double strand breaks in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 following transient ischemia

1994 • 121 citations

The hematopoietic cytokine, colony‐stimulating factor 1, is also a growth factor in the CNS: Congenital absence of CSF‐1 in mice results in abnormal microglial response and increased neuron vulnerability to injury

1995 • 97 citations

Interaction between free radicals and excitatory amino acids in the formation of ischemic brain edema in rats.

1991 • 91 citations

Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Protects against Excitotoxicity and Chemical Hypoxia in Both Neonatal and Adult Rats

1995 • 89 citations

Ischemia-induced death of astrocytes and neurons in primary culture: Pitfalls in quantifying neuronal cell death

1993 • 85 citations

Sodium ion-dependent transporters for neurotransmitters: a review of recent developments

1994 • 76 citations

Involvement of glutamate receptors, lipases, and phospholipases in long‐term potentiation and neurodegeneration

1994 • 73 citations

Cell death in primary cultures of mouse neurons and astrocytes during exposure to and ‘recovery’ from hypoxia, substrate deprivation and simulated ischemia

1994 • 71 citations

Differences in transmitter release, morphology, and ischemia-induced cell injury between cerebellar granule cell cultures developing in the presence and in the absence of a depolarizing potassium concentration

1991 • 71 citations

<scp>l</scp> -Deprenyl Reduces Brain Damage in Rats Exposed to Transient Hypoxia-Ischemia

1995 • 69 citations

Hypoxia-inducible gene expression

1995 • 69 citations

Inhibition of NFkB DNA binding activity by glucocorticoids in rat brain

1995 • 69 citations

Adenosine, a “Retaliatory” Metabolite, Promotes Anoxia Tolerance in Turtle Brain

1993 • 66 citations

Role of GABA in hypoxia tolerance, metabolic depression and hibernation—Possible links to neurotransmitter evolution

1993 • 62 citations

Safety study of tirilazad mesylate in patients with acute ischemic stroke (STIPAS).

1994 • 58 citations

Correlation between content of high-energy phosphates and hypoxic-ischemic damage in immature and mature astrocytes

1994 • 54 citations

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors prevent striatal neuronal necrosis induced by transient forebrain ischemia

1991 • 54 citations

Upregulation of the GABAA/benzodiazepine receptor during anoxia in the freshwater turtle brain

1995 • 50 citations

Pharmacological profile of a novel neuronal calcium channel blocker includes reduced cerebral damage and neurological deficits in rat focal ischemia

1994 • 39 citations

Channel arrest: implications from membrane resistance in turtle neurons

1991 • 37 citations

Potentially Effective Therapies for Acute Ischemic Stroke

1995 • 36 citations

Cerebral ischaemia, free radicals and antioxidant protection

1993 • 35 citations

Aluminum pretreatment impairs the ability of astrocytes to protect neurons from glutamate mediated toxicity

1993 • 28 citations

Epidemiology of stroke in Canada.

1994 • 26 citations

Inhibition of brain calcium channels by plasma proteins from anoxic turtles

1993 • 24 citations

Neuron Damage Induced by Some Potent Kainoids and Neuroprotective Action of New Agonists for Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors

1994 • 18 citations

Cerebral Edema and the Blood-Brain Barrier

1989 • 17 citations

MK-801 is neuroprotective but does not improve survival in severe forebrain ischemia

1993 • 16 citations

Pharmacology of sodium and calcium channel modulation in neurons: implications for neuroprotection

1995 • 16 citations

Epidemiology of stroke: methods and trends.

1994 • 8 citations