The maternal and fetal physiologic effects of nicotine

Smoking and Health. Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service.

1964 • 1,132 citations

A preliminary report on cigarette smoking and the incidence of prematurity

1957 • 527 citations

Extent of Nicotine and Cotinine Transfer to the Human Fetus, Placenta and Amniotic Fluid of Smoking Mothers

1985 • 426 citations

Cigarette Smoking in Pregnancy: Its Influence on Birth Weight and Perinatal Mortality

1972 • 415 citations

Effects on birth weight of smoking, alcohol, caffeine, socioeconomic factors, and psychosocial stress.

1989 • 399 citations

Effects of maternal smoking on adverse pregnancy outcomes: examination of the criteria of causation.

1994 • 222 citations

The Impact on Infant Birth Weight and Gestational Age of Cotinine-Validated Smoking Reduction During Pregnancy

1993 • 207 citations

LOW BIRTH WEIGHT.

1963 • 185 citations

Nicotine and cotinine concentrations in serum and milk of nursing smokers.

1984 • 156 citations

Nicotine Replacement Therapy During Pregnancy

1991 • 155 citations

A comparison of active and passive smoking during pregnancy: Long-term effects

1991 • 152 citations

Metabolism of Nicotine

1991 • 150 citations

Maternal cigarette smoking: The effects on umbilical and uterine blood flow velocity

1988 • 139 citations

Hair concentrations of nicotine and cotinine in women and their newborn infants

1994 • 139 citations

Cigarette consumption and serum cotinine in relation to birthweight

1987 • 138 citations

Effect of nicotine upon uterine blood flow in the pregnant rhesus monkey

1980 • 128 citations

Factors influencing fetal growth

1982 • 119 citations

Meconium analysis to assess fetal exposure to nicotine by active and passive maternal smoking

1994 • 116 citations

Smoking and drinking behavior before and during pregnancy of married mothers of live-born infants and stillborn infants.

1984 • 107 citations

Influence of maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy on fetal and childhood growth.

1981 • 95 citations

Effect of nicotine on human fetal blood flow.

1988 • 89 citations

Smoking and mechanisms of cardiovascular control

1988 • 88 citations

TOBACCO CHEWING IN PREGNANCY

1978 • 88 citations

Placental transfer and distribution of nicotine in the pregnant rhesus monkey

1974 • 83 citations

Effects of prenatal nicotine exposure on the morphogenesis of somatosensory cortex

1994 • 82 citations

Catecholamine-mediated reduction in uterine blood flow after nicotine infusion in the pregnant ewe.

1979 • 78 citations

Fetal toxicology of environmental tobacco smoke

1995 • 69 citations

Smoking, pregnancy and the fetus

1994 • 62 citations

Pharmacologic effects of nicotine upon the fetus and mother in the rhesus monkey

1971 • 60 citations

RELATIONSHIP OF CIGARETTE SMOKING TO CONGENITAL ANOMALIES AND PERINATAL DEATH

1978 • 60 citations

Smoking and buccally administered nicotine. Acute effect on uterine and umbilical artery Doppler flow velocity waveforms.

1991 • 51 citations

Cigarette Smoking and Birthweight: Type of Cigarette Smoked and a Possible Theshold Effect

1991 • 50 citations

Smoking, hemoglobin levels, and birth weights in normal pregnancies

1984 • 47 citations

Fetal hemodynamic response to maternal intravenous nicotine administration

1992 • 45 citations

Maternal nicotine exposure: reponse of type II pneumocytes of neonatal rat pups.

1995 • 38 citations

An overview: maternal nicotine and caffeine consumption and offspring outcome.

1982 • 32 citations

The impact on infant birth weight and gestational age of cotinine-validated smoking reduction during pregnancy

1993 • 28 citations

Nicotine-Induced Changes in the Cerebral Circulation in Ovine Fetuses

1992 • 28 citations

Nicotine replacement therapy during pregnancy

1991 • 28 citations

Maternal nicotine exposure during pregnancy and development of emphysema-like damage in the offspring.

1993 • 27 citations

Maternal smoking and low birthweight in the reproductive history of women in Puerto Rico, 1982.

1988 • 24 citations

Effect of endothelin-1 on the uterine vasculature of the pregnant and estrogen-treated nonpregnant sheep

1992 • 23 citations

Influence of nicotine chewing gum on fetal blood flow

1987 • 19 citations

Relationship between the ovine fetal umbilical artery blood flow waveform and umbilical vascular resistance

1990 • 15 citations

Pregnancy Complicated by Addison’s Disease**Presented at the Twenty-first Annual Meeting of the South Atlantic Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Roanoke, Va., Feb. 4-7, 1959.

1959 • 9 citations

Indicators of Nicotine Addiction Among Women— United States, 1991-1992

1995 • 8 citations

Effect of Nicotine Sulfate on the Hemodynamics and Acid Base Balance of Chronically Instrumented Pregnant Sheep

1981 • 7 citations