Metabolism of Nicotine

Pharmacologic Aspects of Cigarette Smoking and Nicotine Addiction

1988 • 982 citations

Chemical composition of tobacco and tobacco smoke

1968 • 724 citations

Tobacco-specific nitrosamines, an important group of carcinogens in tobacco and tobacco smoke

1988 • 689 citations

Daily intake of nicotine during cigarette smoking

1984 • 504 citations

Cotinine disposition and effects

1983 • 483 citations

Smokers of Low-Yield Cigarettes Do Not Consume Less Nicotine

1983 • 445 citations

Antipyrine metabolism in man: Influence of age, alcohol, caffeine, and smoking

1975 • 320 citations

Elimination of cotinine from body fluids: implications for noninvasive measurement of tobacco smoke exposure.

1988 • 304 citations

Racial differences in serum cotinine levels among smokers in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults study.

1990 • 285 citations

Clinical Pharmacology of Nicotine

1986 • 278 citations

Cigarette Smoking: A Dependence on High-Nicotine Boli

1978 • 260 citations

TOBACCO

1961 • 164 citations

Absorption of Nicotine in Cigarette and Cigar Smoke through the Oral Mucosa

1970 • 163 citations

Nicotine pharmacokinetics and its application to intake from smoking.

1985 • 162 citations

Nicotine and cotinine concentrations in serum and milk of nursing smokers.

1984 • 156 citations

Plasma nicotine and cotinine concentrations in habitual smokeless tobacco users

1981 • 151 citations

Role of tobacco smoking in pharmacokinetics

1978 • 146 citations

Disposition kinetics and effects of intravenous nicotine

1980 • 137 citations

Enzymatic pathway for the formation of cotinine, a major metabolite of nicotine in rabbit liver.

1960 • 131 citations

Smoking-induced changes in nicotine disposition: Application of a new HPLC assay for nicotine and its metabolites

1982 • 127 citations

The Metabolism of Tobacco Alkaloids

1975 • 119 citations

The pharmacokinetics of cotinine in plasma and saliva from non-smoking healthy volunteers

1990 • 115 citations

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Nicotine

1987 • 112 citations

Changes in rate and pattern of caffeine metabolism after cigarette abstinence

1988 • 111 citations

A Genetic polymorphism of the N-oxidation of trimethylamine in humans

1987 • 111 citations

The enzyme “aldehyde oxidase” is an iminium oxidase. Reaction with nicotine Δ1′(5′) iminium ion

1979 • 108 citations

Disposition of nicotine and eight metabolites in smokers and nonsmokers: Identification in smokers of two metabolites that are longer lived than cotinine

1990 • 107 citations

Effect of food on hepatic blood flow: Implications in the “food effect” phenomenon

1983 • 106 citations

Nicotine renal excretion rate influences nicotine intake during cigarette smoking.

1985 • 105 citations

Recent studies of nicotine metabolism in humans

1988 • 105 citations

Biological Oxidation of Nitrogen

1978 • 104 citations

Enzymatic Oxidation of Nicotine to Nicotine Δ1′(5′) Iminium Ion

1973 • 101 citations

Recent Developments in the Study of the Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Pharmacodynamics

1989 • 91 citations

Sexual dimorphism of nicotine metabolism and distribution in the rat. Studies in vivo and in vitro.

1988 • 91 citations

Studies of the interaction of psychological and pharmacological determinants of smoking.

1977 • 86 citations

Placental transfer and distribution of nicotine in the pregnant rhesus monkey

1974 • 83 citations

COFFEE CONSUMPTION, DIET, AND LIPIDS

1985 • 82 citations

Physiological disposition and fate of C14-labelled nicotine in mice and rats.

1962 • 80 citations

DISTRIBUTION OF NICOTINE IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

1967 • 80 citations

Nasal nicotine solution: a potential aid to giving up smoking?

1983 • 78 citations

Nicotine, resorption and fate

1982 • 78 citations

Tobacco Smoking and Nicotine: A Neurobiological Approach

1987 • 74 citations

Stereochemical studies on the cytochrome P-450 catalyzed oxidation of (S)-nicotine to the (S)-nicotine .DELTA.1'(5')-iminium species

1987 • 73 citations

Trans-3?-hydroxycotinine as a main metabolite in urine of smokers

1987 • 73 citations

Pharmacokinetics of nicotine and 12 metabolites in the rat. Application of a new radiometric high performance liquid chromatography assay.

1988 • 72 citations

A possible relation between pKa1 and lipid solubility and the amounts excreted in urine of some tobacco alkaloids given to man

1972 • 71 citations

Elimination of cotinine from body fluids: disposition in smokers and nonsmokers.

1989 • 70 citations

Cigarette Abstinence, Nicotine Gum, and Theophylline Disposition

1987 • 63 citations

The metabolism of [14C]nicotine in the cat

1969 • 61 citations

Metabolic oxidation of nicotine to chemically reactive intermediates

1979 • 61 citations

Steady-state concentration of cotinine as a measure of nicotine-intake by smokers

1985 • 60 citations

Transdermal administration of nicotine

1984 • 60 citations

The metabolism of nicotine into two optically-active stereoisomers of nicotine-1′-oxide by animal tissues in vitro and by cigarette smokers

1970 • 59 citations

Influence of tobacco abstinence on the disposition kinetics and effects of nicotine

1987 • 58 citations

Metabolism of nicotine in the human and excretion of pyridine compounds by smokers.

1959 • 58 citations

Effect of dose on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous nicotine in the rat.

1977 • 57 citations

Caffeine and cigarette smoking: behavioral, cardiovascular, and metabolic interactions

1989 • 56 citations

On the significance of host factors that affect drug disposition

1982 • 56 citations

A New Quantitative Thermospray LC-MS Method for Nicotine and Its Metabolites in Biological Fluids

1990 • 55 citations

N-Methylation of Nicotine and Cotinine in Vivo

1963 • 54 citations

Kinetics of cotinine after oral and intravenous administration to man

1987 • 54 citations

The metabolism of nicotine-Δ1′(5′)-iminium ion,in vivo andin vitro

1982 • 54 citations

Studies on the metabolism of (-)-cotinine in the human.

1962 • 54 citations

Long-term fate of [14C]nicotine in the mouse: Retention in the bronchi, melanin-containing tissues and urinary bladder wall

1978 • 53 citations

Simultaneous determination of nicotine, cotinine and five additional nicotine metabolites in the urine of smokers using pre-column derivatisation and high-performance liquid chromatography

1987 • 52 citations

Demethylation of Cotinine in Vivo¹

1959 • 51 citations

Demethylation in the Metabolism of (-)-Nicotine

1962 • 51 citations

Cotinine N-oxide, a new metabolite of nicotine

1972 • 51 citations

DRUG URINARY EXCRETION DATA—SOME ASPECTS CONCERNING THE INTERPRETATION

1967 • 46 citations

Species Variation and Stereoselectivity in the Metabolism of Nicotine Enantiomers

1988 • 45 citations

KINETIC CONSIDERATIONS RELATING TO THE ACCRUAL AND ELIMINATION OF DRUG METABOLITES

1967 • 45 citations

Gas chromatographic determination of trans-3′-hydroxycotinine, a major metabolite of nicotine in smokers

1987 • 43 citations

Metabolism of nicotine by hepatocytes

1990 • 43 citations

Radiometric-high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for nicotine and twelve of its metabolites

1987 • 42 citations

Nicotine and cotinine in breast fluid

1979 • 40 citations

Cotinine determination by immunoassays may be influenced by other nicotine metabolites

1988 • 39 citations

Species Variation in the Metabolism of R-(+)- and S-(-)-Nicotine by α-C- andN-Oxidationin vitro

1973 • 39 citations

Smoking and Pregnancy

1984 • 38 citations

Disposition Kinetics of Nicotine and Cotinine Enantiomers in Rabbits and Beagle Dogs

1988 • 38 citations

Radioimmunoassay of plasma nicotine in habituated and naive smokers

1974 • 38 citations

Acute Intoxication with Nicotine Alkaloids and Cannabinoids in Children from Ingestion of Cigarettes

1983 • 38 citations

Determination of cotinine in urine using glass capillary gas chromatography and selective detection, with special reference to the biological monitoring of passive smoking

1988 • 37 citations

Capillary gas chromatographic determination of trans-3′-hydroxy-cotinine simultaneously with nicotine and cotinine in urine and blood samples

1989 • 37 citations

Stereoselectivity in the N'-oxidation of nicotine isomers by flavin-containing monooxygenase.

1988 • 37 citations

Effect of cimetidine and ranitidine on the hepatic and renal elimination of nicotine in humans

1990 • 35 citations

Tissue distribution of 63H9nicotine in dogs and rhesus monkeys*1

1975 • 35 citations

Neuere Etnwicklungen in der Fibrinolyse

1988 • 35 citations

The Chemistry of Tobacco Fermentation. I. Conversion of the Alkaloids. D. Identification of Cotinine in Fermented Leaves

1957 • 34 citations

Determination of cotinine in biological fluids by capillary gas chromatography—mass spectrometry—selected-ion monitoring

1985 • 32 citations

Design of peptide hormone and neurotransmitter analogues

1985 • 31 citations

DISPOSITION AND FATE OF (--)-COTININE-H3 IN THE MOUSE.

1964 • 31 citations

Factors Affecting thein vitroMetabolism of R-(+)-and S-(-)-Nicotine by Guinea-pig Liver Preparations

1973 • 31 citations

FORMATION OF NORNICOTINE AND OTHER METABOLITES FROM NICOTINE IN VITRO AND IN VIVO

1964 • 30 citations

Effect of ethanol pretreatment on the pharmacokinetics of nicotine in rats.

1980 • 30 citations

Green-tobacco sickness. An illness of tobacco harvesters

1974 • 29 citations

Microsomal nicotine metabolism: A comparison of relative activities of six purified rabbit cytochrome P-450 isozymes

1989 • 29 citations

Passage of ¹⁴C‐Nicotine and its Metabolites into Mice Foetuses and Placentae

1968 • 28 citations

Constant-rate infusion of nicotine and cotinine. I. A physiological pharmacokinetic analysis of the cotinine disposition, and effects on clearance and distribution in the rat

1987 • 27 citations

NICOTINE METABOLISM IN MAMMALS

1988 • 27 citations

Determination of nicotine N-oxide by gas chromatography following thermal conversion to 2-methyl-6-(3-pyridyl)tetrahydro-1,2-oxazine

1986 • 27 citations

Rabbit nasal cytochrome P-450 NMa has high activity as a nicotine oxidase

1990 • 27 citations

Food and nicotine metabolism

1989 • 26 citations

Plasma Nicotine Concentrations from Repeated Doses of Nasal Nicotine Solution

1984 • 26 citations

Oxidative Metabolism of Nicotine by Cigarette Smokers With Cancer of the Urinary Bladder

1974 • 26 citations

N-Methylation of nicotine enantiomers by human liver cytosol

1988 • 25 citations

Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Nicotine in Man

1987 • 24 citations

Deuterium isotope effects in the in vivo metabolism of cotinine

1974 • 23 citations

Formation of metabolites from nicotine by a rabbit liver preparation.

1963 • 23 citations

Nicotine metabolites in the urine of smokers

1990 • 22 citations

Eightfold induction of nicotine elimination in perfused rat liver by pretreatment with phenobarbital

1987 • 22 citations

Synthesis of (3'R,5'S)-trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, a major metabolite of nicotine. Metabolic formation of 3'-hydroxycotinine in humans is highly stereoselective

1990 • 22 citations

The tautomeric structures of 5-hydroxycotinine, a secondary mammalian metabolite of nicotine

1981 • 22 citations

Age as a factor in the metabolism of nicotine

1978 • 21 citations

Liver and lung microsomal metabolism of the tobacco alkaloid .beta.-nicotyrine

1989 • 21 citations

Determination of nornicotine in smokers' urine by gas chromatography following reductive alkylation to N′-propylnornicotine

1990 • 21 citations

Human smoking behavior and the development of dependence on tobacco smoking

1981 • 19 citations

Physiologic disposition of drugs of abuse

1976 • 19 citations

Nicotyrine inhibits in vivo metabolism of nicotine without increasing its toxicity

1982 • 19 citations

Stereospecific in vivo N-methylation of nicotine in the guinea pig.

1985 • 18 citations

Characterization of hamster liver nicotine metabolism

1986 • 17 citations

Identification and quantitative analysis of cotinine-N-oxide in human urine

1987 • 17 citations

The Corrected Structure of a Ketoamide Arising from the Metabolism of (-)-Nicotine

1962 • 17 citations

A novel thin-layer chromatography system for lysergide (LSD)

1971 • 16 citations

Non-metabolic covalent binding of nicotine-δ1'(5')- iminium ion to liver microsomes and sulfhydryl-containing polyamino acids

1988 • 15 citations

Lung prostaglandin H synthase and mixed-function oxidase metabolism of nicotine.

1987 • 15 citations

Biotransformation of primary nicotine metabolites II. Metabolism of [³H]-S-(-)-cotinine in the guinea pig: determination ofin vivourinary metabolites by high-performance liquid-radiochromatography

1987 • 15 citations

Maintenance of noradrenaline in neuronal cell bodies and terminals: effect of frequency of stimulation

1971 • 14 citations

Influence of Different Forms of Tobacco Intake on Nicotine Elimination in Man

1983 • 14 citations

Hepatic and extrahepatic reduction of nicotine 1'-N-oxide in rats

1972 • 13 citations

The Absorption of Nicotine from Tobacco Snuff through the Nasal Mucosa

1976 • 13 citations

Simplified method for the determination of plasma cotinine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

1987 • 13 citations

Isolation and characterization of N-methyl-N'-oxonicotinium ion, a new urinary metabolite of R-(+)-nicotine in the guinea pig.

1986 • 12 citations

Short‐term studies on the in vivo metabolism ofN‐oxides of nicotine in rats

1986 • 11 citations

N-Methylnornicotinium ion, a new in vivo metabolite of R-(+)-nicotine.

1985 • 11 citations

Factors affecting the tissue binding of nicotine in various species

1977 • 11 citations

The ability of amine N-methyltransferases from rabbit liver to N-methylate azaheterocycles

1986 • 11 citations

In vitro characteristics of guinea pig lung aromatic azaheterocycle N-methyltransferase.

1985 • 10 citations

Characterization of hamster liver nicotine metabolism—II. Differential effects of ethanol or phenobarbital pretreatment on microsomal N and C oxidation

1986 • 10 citations

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent oxidation of nicotine-δ1′(5′)-iminium ion to cotinine by rabbit liver microsomes

1990 • 9 citations

Biotransformation of primary nicotine metabolites. I. In vivo metabolism of R-(+)-[14C-NCH3]N-methylnicotinium ion in the guinea pig.

1985 • 8 citations

The interrelationship between the metabolism of (S)-continine-N-oxide and (S)-cotinine.

1977 • 8 citations

Decreased serum cotinine levels in smokers of both tobacco and marijuana as compared with smokers of tobacco only

1988 • 6 citations

Biotransformation of Primary Nicotine Metabolites: Metabolism of R-(+)-[3H-N′-CH3; 14C-N-CH3] N-Methylnicotinium Acetate—The Use of Double Isotope Studies to Determine the In-vivo Stability of the N-Methyl Groups of N-Methylnicotinium Ion

1988 • 4 citations