Effects of maternal smoking on adverse pregnancy outcomes: examination of the criteria of causation.

The Contribution of Low Birth Weight to Infant Mortality and Childhood Morbidity

1985 • 2,125 citations

A preliminary report on cigarette smoking and the incidence of prematurity

1957 • 527 citations

The quanitification of drug caused morbidity and mortality in Australia: Part 1

1995 • 502 citations

A Clinical Trial of Change in Maternal Smoking and Its Effect on Birth Weight

1984 • 496 citations

Smokers of Low-Yield Cigarettes Do Not Consume Less Nicotine

1983 • 445 citations

Cigarette Smoking in Pregnancy: Its Influence on Birth Weight and Perinatal Mortality

1972 • 415 citations

Effects on birth weight of smoking, alcohol, caffeine, socioeconomic factors, and psychosocial stress.

1989 • 399 citations

THE EFFECTS OF MATERNAL SMOKING ON FETAL AND INFANT MORTALITY

1988 • 329 citations

Smoking and reproduction

1986 • 310 citations

Maternal Smoking and Behavior Problems of Children

1992 • 307 citations

Mental development of children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy.

1984 • 224 citations

Identifying the Sources of the Recent Decline in Perinatal Mortality Rates in California

1982 • 220 citations

Cigarette, alcohol, and coffee consumption and spontaneous abortion.

1992 • 219 citations

The Impact on Infant Birth Weight and Gestational Age of Cotinine-Validated Smoking Reduction During Pregnancy

1993 • 207 citations

ASSOCIATION OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT WITH PASSIVE SMOKE EXPOSURE IN PREGNANCY1

1986 • 207 citations

Cigarette smoking as risk factor for late fetal and early neonatal death.

1988 • 205 citations

Factors influencing the height of seven year old children--results from the National Child Development Study.

1971 • 198 citations

A COMMUNITY STUDY OF SMOKING IN PREGNANCY

1972 • 197 citations

A FOLLOW‐UP STUDY UP TO THE AGE OF 14 OF CHILDREN WHOSE MOTHERS SMOKED DURING PREGNANCY

1983 • 181 citations

Prenatal Exposure to Tobacco: II Effects on Cognitive Functioning at Age Three

1990 • 180 citations

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A Prospective Study of Smoking and Pregnancy

1971 • 176 citations

DOES MATERNAL SMOKING DURING PREGNANCY HAVE A LONG-TERM EFFECT ON THE CHILD ?

1972 • 175 citations

EFFECT OF PASSIVE SMOKING ON BIRTH-WEIGHT

1986 • 170 citations

Smoking in pregnancy: effects of stopping at different stages

1988 • 169 citations

THE ASSOCIATION OF MATERNAL SMOKING WITH AGE AND CAUSE OF INFANT DEATH

1988 • 166 citations

Nicotine Replacement Therapy During Pregnancy

1991 • 155 citations

A comparison of active and passive smoking during pregnancy: Long-term effects

1991 • 152 citations

Dose-response of birth weight to various measures of maternal smoking during pregnancy

1988 • 148 citations

Smoking in pregnancy and development into early adulthood.

1988 • 142 citations

Cigarette consumption and serum cotinine in relation to birthweight

1987 • 138 citations

Links between passive smoking and disease: a best-evidence synthesis. A report of the Working Group on Passive Smoking.

1990 • 135 citations

Tobacco Smoking, Pregnancy Estrogens, and Birth Weight

1990 • 133 citations

Mother's cigarette smoking and survival of infant

1964 • 130 citations

Relationship of cigarette smoking and social class to birth weight and perinatal mortality among all births in Britain, 5-11 April 1970.

1983 • 110 citations

Maternal smoking during pregnancy affects children's vigilance performance

1989 • 103 citations

Cigarettes, Alcohol and Marijuana: Varying Associations with Birthweight

1987 • 102 citations

The effect of nutritional intake on outcome of pregnancy in smokers and non-smokers

1991 • 97 citations

Influence of maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy on fetal and childhood growth.

1981 • 95 citations

Prenatal Exposure to Tobacco: I. Effects on Physical Growth at Age Three

1990 • 90 citations

Guidelines and Methodological Standards for Smoking Cessation Intervention Research among Pregnant Women: Improving the Science and Art

1986 • 90 citations

Stopping smoking in pregnancy: effect of a self‐help manual in controlled trial

1991 • 85 citations

Smoking during pregnancy and its effects on child cognitive ability from the ages of 8 to 12 years

1991 • 84 citations

MATERNAL SMOKING: A REASSESSMENT OF THE ASSOCIATION WITH PERINATAL MORTALITY1

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Pregnancy and medical cost outcomes of a self-help prenatal smoking cessation program in a HMO.

1990 • 81 citations

Randomised controlled trial of anti-smoking advice in pregnancy. 1977.

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Factors Influencing Length at Birth and Height at Five Years

1974 • 79 citations

Smoking and the occurrence of congenital malformations and spontaneous abortions: Multivariate analysis

1983 • 78 citations

Cotinine‐assisted intervention in pregnancy to reduce smoking and low birthweight delivery

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Parental smoking and perinatal mortality

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Smoking in pregnancy: smokescreen or risk factor? Towards a materialist analysis

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Factors associated with the intellectual ability of children born to women with high risk pregnancies.

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Smoking During Pregnancy: Prevalence, Effects, and Intervention Strategies

1991 • 63 citations

Cigarette Smoking, Alcohol Consumption and Fetal Outcome in Tasmania 1981–82

1985 • 60 citations

Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and the child's subsequent development: I. Physical growth to the age of 6 1/2 years.

1976 • 56 citations

Nicotine and cotinine in the amniotic fluid of smokers in the second trimester of pregnancy

1974 • 56 citations

Alcohol and Drug Problems in Women

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Smoking and pregnancy: attributable risks and public health implications.

1984 • 47 citations

Prenatal behavioral risk screening by computer in a health maintenance organization-based prenatal care clinic

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Maternal cigarette smoking, Down syndrome in live births, and infant race.

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Smoking during pregnancy and placental pathology.

1977 • 43 citations

Passive smoking by pregnant women and fetal growth.

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Smoking cessation in pregnancy: do effective programmes exist?

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Smoking in pregnancy: some notes on the statistical controversy.

1977 • 40 citations

Smoking in Pregnancy: The Influence on Percentile Birth Weight, Mean Birth Weight, Placental Weight, Menstrual Age, Perinatal Mortality and Maternal Diastolic Blood Pressure

1985 • 36 citations

ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION, CIGARETTE SMOKING AND FETAL OUTCOME IN VICTORIA, 1985

1989 • 36 citations

Maternal Weight Gain, Smoking and Other Factors in Pregnancy as Predictors of Infant Birth‐weight in Sydney Women

1989 • 35 citations

Factors Affecting Development: Similarities and Differences among Children Who Were Small, Average, and Large for Gestational Age at Birth

1986 • 33 citations

Racial/ethnic differences in smoking, other risk factors, and low birth weight among low-income pregnant women, 1978-1988.

1990 • 31 citations

SMOKING IN PREGNANCY

1973 • 31 citations

Smoking and carbon monoxide levels during pregnancy

1982 • 30 citations

Effects of stopping smoking for 48 hours on oxygen availability from the blood: a study on pregnant women.

1979 • 28 citations

Obstetric and Neonatal Effects of Drugs of Abuse

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A trial of health education aimed to reduce cigarette smoking among pregnant women

1992 • 27 citations

Toxaemia and Cigarette Smoking During Pregnancy

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The Effects of Maternal Cigarette Smoking on Placental Morphology, Histomorphometry, and Biochemistry

1986 • 26 citations

Smoking during pregnancy: Long-term effects on offspring.

1981 • 22 citations

Sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of saliva thiocyanate among pregnant women

1989 • 21 citations

Effect of Cigarette Smoking on the Vitamin C Status of Pregnant Women and Their Offspring

1987 • 18 citations

Smoking during pregnancy and the perinatal cadmium burden

1988 • 17 citations

Amniotic fluid cadmium and thiocyanate in pregnant women who smoke.

1988 • 16 citations

Cigarette smoking in pregnancy

1988 • 16 citations

The Expected Impact of a Smoking Cessation Program for Pregnant Women on Infant Mortality among Native Americans

1990 • 12 citations

Amniotic Fluid Catecholamine Metabolites in Maternal Smoking

1990 • 12 citations

The quantification of alcohol‐caused morbidity and mortality in Australia: a critique ^*

1992 • 9 citations

Ecological analysis of an intervention study of smoking cessation in medical practices.

1988 • 6 citations

Cigarette use during pregnancy and anthropometry of offspring 6-11 years of age.

1986 • 6 citations

Nicotine Replacement Therapy During Pregnancy

1992 • 5 citations

Smoking and healthy pregnancy: now is the time to quit.

1985 • 4 citations

Smoking in pregnancy--a 25-year survey.

1983 • 2 citations