PERSPECTIVE: SPONTANEOUS DELETERIOUS MUTATION

The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution

1979 • 7,965 citations

Genetics and Analysis of Quantitative Traits

2002 • 6,393 citations

The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution

1983 • 6,141 citations

Genetics and analysis of quantitative traits

1999 • 4,350 citations

The Genetics and Biology of Drosophila

1978 • 3,910 citations

Preservation of Duplicate Genes by Complementary, Degenerative Mutations

1999 • 3,440 citations

INBREEDING DEPRESSION AND ITS EVOLUTIONARY CONSEQUENCES

1987 • 3,215 citations

The moulding of senescence by natural selection

1966 • 2,252 citations

Comparing evolvability and variability of quantitative traits.

1992 • 2,010 citations

Rates of Spontaneous Mutation

1998 • 1,940 citations

The effect of deleterious mutations on neutral molecular variation.

1993 • 1,838 citations

Long-Term Experimental Evolution in Escherichia coli. I. Adaptation and Divergence During 2,000 Generations

1991 • 1,598 citations

THE EVOLUTION OF SELF‐FERTILIZATION AND INBREEDING DEPRESSION IN PLANTS. I. GENETIC MODELS

1985 • 1,520 citations

A constant rate of spontaneous mutation in DNA-based microbes.

1991 • 1,194 citations

Deleterious mutations and the evolution of sexual reproduction

1988 • 1,130 citations

The Nearly Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution

1992 • 1,052 citations

Dynamics of adaptation and diversification: a 10,000-generation experiment with bacterial populations.

1994 • 1,007 citations

Mutation Accumulation and the Extinction of Small Populations

1995 • 1,006 citations

The selection-mutation-drift theory of synonymous codon usage.

1991 • 994 citations

Gene duplications and the origins of vertebrate development

1994 • 951 citations

AN ESTIMATE OF THE MUTATIONAL DAMAGE IN MAN FROM DATA ON CONSANGUINEOUS MARRIAGES

1956 • 799 citations

The maintenance of genetic variability by mutation in a polygenic character with linked loci

1975 • 797 citations

The Evolution of Sex Chromosomes

1991 • 789 citations

Our load of mutations.

1950 • 685 citations

Optimally, mutation and the evolution of ageing

1993 • 652 citations

The Effect of Variation of Fitness

1937 • 631 citations

The Mutational Meltdown in Asexual Populations

1993 • 630 citations

Heritable genetic variation via mutation-selection balance: Lerch's zeta meets the abdominal bristle

1984 • 610 citations

MUTATIONS AFFECTING FITNESS IN DROSOPHILA POPULATIONS

1977 • 602 citations

Inferring weak selection from patterns of polymorphism and divergence at "silent" sites in Drosophila DNA.

1995 • 554 citations

THE MUTATIONAL LOAD WITH EPISTATIC GENE INTERACTIONS IN FITNESS

1966 • 523 citations

MUTATION RATE AND DOMINANCE OF GENES AFFECTING VIABILITY IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

1972 • 494 citations

The high spontaneous mutation rate: Is it a health risk?

1997 • 491 citations

Evolution of the Vertebrate Genome as Reflected in Paralogous Chromosomal Regions in Man and the House Mouse

1993 • 475 citations

Deleterious background selection with recombination.

1995 • 467 citations

THE GENETIC STRUCTURE OF NATURAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. I. SPONTANEOUS MUTATION RATE OF POLYGENES CONTROLLING VIABILITY

1964 • 465 citations

RISK OF POPULATION EXTINCTION FROM FIXATION OF NEW DELETERIOUS MUTATIONS

1994 • 458 citations

Test of synergistic interactions among deleterious mutations in bacteria

1997 • 432 citations

A stochastic model concerning the maintenance of genetic variability in quantitative characters.

1965 • 415 citations

How often do duplicated genes evolve new functions?

1995 • 414 citations

Mutation-selection balance and the evolutionary advantage of sex and recombination

1990 • 411 citations

Comparing Mutational Variabilities

1996 • 409 citations

MUTATIONAL MELTDOWNS IN SEXUAL POPULATIONS

1995 • 369 citations

PHENOTYPIC EVOLUTION BY NEUTRAL MUTATION

1986 • 353 citations

Estimate of the genomic mutation rate deleterious to overall fitness in E. coll

1996 • 337 citations

Genetic Loads and the Cost of Natural Selection

1970 • 332 citations

Selection against harmful mutations in large sexual and asexual populations

1982 • 326 citations

On the rate of DNA sequence evolution inDrosophila

1989 • 300 citations

Pleiotropic models of quantitative variation.

1990 • 294 citations

Biological basis of germline mutation: Comparisons of spontaneous germline mutation rates among drosophila, mouse, and human

1995 • 272 citations

Mathematical Topics in Population Genetics

1970 • 261 citations

The distribution of mutation effects on viability in Drosophila melanogaster.

1994 • 257 citations

The rate of polygenic mutation

1988 • 250 citations

On the maximum avoidance of inbreeding

1963 • 246 citations

Mutational Meltdowns in Sexual Populations

1995 • 246 citations

Contamination of the genome by very slightly deleterious mutations: why have we not died 100 times over?

1995 • 243 citations

Effects of P element insertions on quantitative traits in Drosophila melanogaster.

1992 • 238 citations

Genomic mutation rates for lifetime reproductive output and lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans

1997 • 230 citations

Comparable Rates of Gene Loss and Functional Divergence After Genome Duplications Early in Vertebrate Evolution

1997 • 229 citations

Degeneration of a Nonrecombining Chromosome

1994 • 229 citations

Evolution of the Vertebrates

2001 • 220 citations

Age-specific inbreeding depression and components of genetic variance in relation to the evolution of senescence.

1996 • 219 citations

Genotype—environment interactions and the estimation of the genomic mutation rate inDrosophila melanogaster

1994 • 218 citations

Rapid decline of fitness in panmictic populations of Drosophila melanogaster maintained under relaxed natural selection

1997 • 213 citations

How should we explain variation in the genetic variance of traits?

1998 • 213 citations

Haploidy or diploidy: which is better?

1991 • 210 citations

Untitled

1998 • 203 citations

Risk of Population Extinction from Fixation of New Deleterious Mutations

1994 • 188 citations

Marginal fitness contributions of nonessential genes in yeast

1998 • 185 citations

On the rate of molecular evolution

1971 • 185 citations

RATE OF GENE SILENCING AT DUPLICATE LOCI: A THEORETICAL STUDY AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA FROM TETRAPLOID FISHES

1980 • 184 citations

Genetic loads and estimates of mutation rates in highly inbred plant populations

1990 • 176 citations

Mutation accumulation in nuclear, organelle, and prokaryotic transfer RNA genes

1997 • 175 citations

Increased selection response in larger populations. II. Selection for ethanol vapor resistance in Drosophila melanogaster at two population sizes.

1990 • 171 citations

The effects of spontaneous mutation on quantitative traits. I. Variances and covariances of life history traits.

1994 • 168 citations

Nature of Deleterious Mutation Load in Drosophila

1996 • 167 citations

Muller's ratchet under epistatic selection.

1994 • 167 citations

Evolutionary genetics : from molecules to morphology

2000 • 165 citations

Accumulation of mutations in sexual and asexual populations

1987 • 162 citations

Deleterious mutation accumulation in organelle genomes

1998 • 160 citations

The Rate of Spontaneous Mutation for Life-History Traits in Caenorhabditis elegans

1999 • 159 citations

THE GENETIC STRUCTURE OF NATURAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. VII SYNERGISTIC INTERACTION OF SPONTANEOUS MUTANT POLYGENES CONTROLLING VIABILITY

1969 • 159 citations

SPONTANEOUS AND ETHYL METHANESULFONATE-INDUCED MUTATIONS CONTROLLING VIABILITY IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. II. HOMOZYGOUS EFFECT OF POLYGENIC MUTATIONS

1977 • 158 citations

MUTATION AND EXTINCTION: THE ROLE OF VARIABLE MUTATIONAL EFFECTS, SYNERGISTIC EPISTASIS, BENEFICIAL MUTATIONS, AND DEGREE OF OUTCROSSING

1997 • 153 citations

Quantitative Genetic Variation

1980 • 151 citations

Distribution of fitness effects caused by random insertion mutations in Escherichia coli

1998 • 150 citations

How much do we know about spontaneous human mutation rates?

1993 • 148 citations

Effects of Single P-Element Insertions on Bristle Number and Viability in Drosophila melanogaster

1996 • 147 citations

Mutation Rates and Dominance Levels of Genes Affecting Total Fitness in Two Angiosperm Species

1995 • 145 citations

Transition from haploidy to diploidy

1991 • 144 citations

Age-Specific Properties of Spontaneous Mutations Affecting Mortality in Drosophila melanogaster

1998 • 141 citations

The Viability of Near-normal Irradiated Chromosomes

1959 • 140 citations

New estimates of the rates and effects of mildly deleterious mutation in Drosophila melanogaster

1999 • 134 citations

The genomic mutation rate for fitness in Drosophila

1992 • 133 citations

Studies on irradiated populations ofDrosophila melanogaster

1956 • 132 citations

The genetic variability of polygenic characters under optimizing selection, mutation and drift

1972 • 131 citations

Untitled

1998 • 128 citations

Deleterious mutations, apparent stabilizing selection and the maintenance of quantitative variation.

1992 • 128 citations

Untitled

1998 • 126 citations

Modeling problems in conservation genetics using captive Drosophila populations: Rapid genetic adaptation to captivity

1992 • 126 citations

Mutational collapse of fitness in marginal habitats and the evolution of ecological specialisation

1997 • 124 citations

Test of Interaction Between Genetic Markers That Affect Fitness in Aspergillus niger

1997 • 124 citations

Genetic analysis of animal development

1986 • 123 citations

The rate of genetic divergence of sublines in the C57BL strain of mice

1962 • 119 citations

Genetic analysis of animal development

1986 • 113 citations

Spontaneous Mutational Variances and Covariances for Fitness-Related Traits in Drosophila melanogaster

1996 • 112 citations

The distribution of transposable elements within and between chromosomes in a population ofDrosophila melanogaster. I. Element frequencies and distribution

1992 • 107 citations

Muller's ratchet, epistasis and mutation effects.

1995 • 106 citations

Genetic Slippage in Response to Sex

1994 • 103 citations

Is Mutation Accumulation a Threat to the Survival of Endangered Populations?

1997 • 103 citations

MUTATION, SELECTION, AND THE MAINTENANCE OF LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION IN A NATURAL POPULATION

1998 • 102 citations

THE CONTRIBUTION OF NEW MUTATIONS TO GENOTYPE‐ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION FOR FITNESS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

1996 • 100 citations

EMS-Induced Polygenic Mutation Rates for Nine Quantitative Characters in Drosophila melanogaster

1998 • 99 citations

The distribution of spontaneous mutations on quantitative traits and fitness in Drosophila melanogaster.

1992 • 95 citations

NULL ALLELE FREQUENCIES AT ALLOZYME LOCI IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

1981 • 95 citations

Rates of DNA sequence evolution are not sex-biased in Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans

1997 • 94 citations

Mutational collapse of fitness in marginal habitats and the evolution of ecological specialisation

1997 • 94 citations

Polygenic mutation in Drosophila melanogaster: estimates from response to selection of inbred strains.

1994 • 93 citations

THE RATE AND EFFECTS DISTRIBUTION OF VIABILITY MUTATION IN DROSOPHILA : MINIMUM DISTANCE ESTIMATION

1997 • 92 citations

An Experimental Test for Synergistic Epistasis and Its Application in Chlamydomonas

1997 • 92 citations

THE EVOLUTION OF EPISTASIS AND THE ADVANTAGE OF RECOMBINATION IN POPULATIONS OF BACTERIOPHAGE T4

1977 • 91 citations

Quantitative analysis of the heat shock response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1982 • 89 citations

Evolution of sex in RNA viruses

1988 • 88 citations

The effect of linkage and population size on inbreeding depression due to mutational load

1992 • 86 citations

A multivariate analysis of subline divergence in the shape of the mandible in C57BL/Gr mice

1973 • 85 citations

Inbreeding Depression and Inferred Deleterious-Mutation Parameters in Daphnia

1997 • 82 citations

Genetic adaptation to captivity and inbreeding depression in small laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster.

1995 • 80 citations

INDUCED MUTATION OF POLYGENES FOR QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS IN RICE

1958 • 75 citations

Estimation of Deleterious-Mutation Parameters in Natural Populations

1996 • 69 citations

Mutations Affecting Quantitative Characters in Long‐Time Inbred Lines of Maize¹

1963 • 67 citations

The effect of sex and deleterious mutations on fitness in Chlamydomonas

1996 • 67 citations

Inference of Genome-Wide Mutation Rates and Distributions of Mutation Effects for Fitness Traits: A Simulation Study

1998 • 66 citations

Mutation and Extinction: The Role of Variable Mutational Effects, Synergistic Epistasis, Beneficial Mutations, and Degree of Outcrossing

1997 • 65 citations

MUTATIONS AFFECTING QUANTITATIVE TRAITS IN THE SELFED PROGENY OF DOUBLED MONOPLOID MAIZE STOCKS

1960 • 65 citations

Inbreeding depression in two highly inbreeding populations ofLeavenworthia

1994 • 63 citations

The Rate and Effects Distribution of Viability Mutation in Drosophila: Minimum Distance Estimation

1997 • 60 citations

RATES OF SUBLINE DIVERGENCE IN HIGHLY INBRED STRAINS OF MICE

1959 • 60 citations

The effects of spontaneous mutation on quantitative traits. II. Dominance of mutations with effects on life-history traits

1997 • 59 citations

Polygenic mutation in Drosophila melanogaster: non-linear divergence among unselected strains.

1995 • 59 citations

THE GENETIC STRUCTURE OF NATURAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. V. COUPLING-REPULSION EFFECT OF SPONTANEOUS MUTANT POLYGENES CONTROLLING VIABILITY

1968 • 55 citations

Quantitative Genetics of Ovariole Number in Drosophila melanogaster. II. Mutational Variation and Genotype-Environment Interaction

1998 • 55 citations

Polygenic mutation in Drosophila melanogaster: the causal relationship of bristle number to fitness.

1995 • 54 citations

Positive association betweencopiatransposition rate and copy number inDrosophila melanogaster

1996 • 50 citations

Mutant Alleles of Small Effect Are Primarily Responsible for the Loss of Fitness With Slow Inbreeding in Drosophila melanogaster

1998 • 46 citations

RELEASE OF GENETIC VARIABILITY THROUGH RECOMBINATION. III. DROSOPHILA PROSALTANS

1959 • 43 citations

Accounting for bias in estimates of the rate of polygenic mutation

1993 • 42 citations

Mutation, Selection, and the Maintenance of Life-History Variation in a Natural Population

1998 • 40 citations

Heterosis for Viability, Fecundity, and Male Fertility in Drosophila melanogaster: Comparison of Mutational and Standing Variation

1998 • 39 citations

Is subline differentiation a continuing process in inbred strains of mice?

1972 • 39 citations

The relationship between the rate of transposition and transposable element copy number for copia and Doc retrotransposons of Drosophila melanogaster

1998 • 38 citations

RELEASE OF GENETIC VARIABILITY THROUGH RECOMBINATION. I. DROSOPHILA PSEUDOOBSCURA

1958 • 38 citations

Spontaneous mutation rate of modifiers of metabolism in Drosophila.

1995 • 38 citations

Induced mutation and pleiotropy of genes responsible for quantitative characters in rice

1964 • 37 citations

SPONTANEOUS MUTATIONAL GENOTYPE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION FOR FITNESS-RELATED TRAITS INDROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

1997 • 36 citations

Polygenic mutation in Drosophila melanogaster: genetic analysis of selection lines.

1995 • 36 citations

SPONTANEOUS AND ETHYL METHANESULFONATE-INDUCED MUTATIONS CONTROLLING VIABILITY IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. I. RECESSIVE LETHAL MUTATIONS

1977 • 35 citations

THE GENETIC VARIABILITY OF THIRD CHROMOSOMES IN A LOCAL POPULATION OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

1976 • 34 citations

The mutation rate and the distribution of mutational effects of viability and fitness in Drosophila melanogaster

1998 • 33 citations

RELEASE OF GENETIC VARIABILITY THROUGH RECOMBINATION. II. DROSOPHILA PERSIMILIS

1959 • 31 citations

SPONTANEOUS AND ETHYL METHANESULFONATE-INDUCED MUTATIONS CONTROLLING VIABILITY IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. III. HETEROZYGOUS EFFECT OF POLYGENIC MUTATIONS

1977 • 31 citations

HOW MANY PROCESSED PSEUDOGENES ARE ACCUMULATED IN A GENE FAMILY?

1985 • 31 citations

THE GENETIC STRUCTURE OF NATURAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. X. DEVELOPMENTAL TIME AND VIABILITY

1971 • 30 citations

Minimum Distance Estimation of Mutational Parameters for Quantitative Traits

1998 • 29 citations

Untitled

1998 • 28 citations

Population genetics: Surviving under mutation pressure

1998 • 27 citations

Spontaneous Mutational Genotype-Environment Interaction for Fitness-Related Traits in Drosophila melanogaster

1997 • 26 citations

RELEASE OF GENETIC VARIABILITY THROUGH RECOMBINATION. VII. SECOND AND THIRD CHROMOSOMES OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

1961 • 21 citations

Variance of neutral genetic variances within and between populations for a quantitative character.

1991 • 20 citations

POLYGENIC MUTATION

1979 • 20 citations

The effect of cryopreservation on the lethal mutation rate in Drosophila melanogaster

1997 • 18 citations

Characterization of Deleterious Mutations in Outcrossing Populations

1998 • 16 citations

EVOLUTION OF FITNESS. II. CORRELATED EFFECTS OF NATURAL SELECTION ON THE PRODUCTIVITY AND SIZE OF EXPERIMENTAL POPULATIONS OFDROSOPHILA SERRATA

1968 • 14 citations

RELEASE OF GENETIC VARIABILITY THROUGH RECOMBINATION. VI. DROSOPHILA WILLISTONI

1961 • 13 citations

Spontaneous mutation for life-history traits in Drosophila melanogaster

1998 • 9 citations

THE GENETIC STRUCTURE OF NATURAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. XIV. EFFECTS OF THE INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE OF THE IN(2LR)SM1 (Cy) CHROMOSOME ON THE ESTIMATES OF VARIOUS GENETIC PARAMETERS

1980 • 9 citations

Correction: The genomic mutation rate for fitness in Drosophila

1994 • 8 citations

Evolution of Fitness. II. Correlated Effects of Natural Selection on the Productivity and Size of Experimental Populations of Drosophila serrata

1968 • 7 citations

Untitled

1998 • 3 citations

AN n LOCUS MULTIALLELE MODEL FOR GENE SUBSTITUTION

1980 • 2 citations