Early and late environmental risk factors for schizophrenia

Implications of Normal Brain Development for the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia

1987 • 3,683 citations

Schizophrenia: Caused by a fault in programmed synaptic elimination during adolescence?

1982 • 1,352 citations

Child developmental risk factors for adult schizophrenia in the British 1946 birth cohort

1994 • 1,326 citations

Adult Schizophrenia Following Prenatal Exposure to an Influenza Epidemic

1988 • 1,161 citations

CANNABIS AND SCHIZOPHRENIA A Longitudinal Study of Swedish Conscripts

1987 • 1,117 citations

Cannabinoid and Heroin Activation of Mesolimbic Dopamine Transmission by a Common µ ₁ Opioid Receptor Mechanism

1997 • 1,078 citations

MENTAL DISORDERS IN URBAN AREAS

1939 • 963 citations

Is schizophrenia a neurodevelopmental disorder?

1987 • 838 citations

Heritability Estimates for Psychotic Disorders

1999 • 779 citations

Schizophrenia After Prenatal Exposure to the Dutch Hunger Winter of 1944-1945

1992 • 714 citations

Crises and Life Changes and the Onset of Schizophrenia

1968 • 685 citations

Outcomes of pregnancy in insulin dependent diabetic women: results of a five year population cohort study

1997 • 529 citations

Childhood antecedents of schizophrenia and affective illness: social adjustment at ages 7 and 11

1994 • 486 citations

Schizophrenia as a Long-Term Outcome of Pregnancy, Delivery, and Perinatal Complications: A 28-Year Follow-Up of the 1966 North Finland General Population Birth Cohort

1998 • 486 citations

Obstetric complications, neurodevelopmental deviance, and risk of schizophrenia

1987 • 471 citations

Schizophrenia and Social Class

1963 • 455 citations

A prospective study of severe mental disorder in Afro-Caribbean patients

1988 • 436 citations

Brain structure and neurocognitive and behavioural function in adolescents who were born very preterm

1999 • 399 citations

Schizophrenia after prenatal exposure to 1957 A2 influenza epidemic

1991 • 398 citations

Schizophrenia and city life

1992 • 374 citations

Prenatal and perinatal risk factors for schizophrenia, affective psychosis, and reactive psychosis of early onset: case-control study Prenatal and perinatal risk factors for early onset schizophrenia, affective psychosis, and reactive psychosis

1999 • 345 citations

Schizophrenia and Complications of Pregnancy and Labor: An Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis

1999 • 310 citations

Obstetric complications and age at onset in schizophrenia: an international collaborative meta-analysis of individual patient data

1997 • 300 citations

The Incidence of Operationally Defined Schizophrenia in Camberwell, 1965–84

1991 • 286 citations

Urbanization and psychosis: a study of 1942–1978 birth cohorts in The Netherlands

1998 • 284 citations

Neurobiologic Antecedents of Schizophrenia in Children

1977 • 283 citations

Life Events and Psychosis

1993 • 269 citations

TOWARDS AN AETIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF SCHIZOPHRENIA

1985 • 258 citations

Perinatal Complications and Clinical Outcome within the Schizophrenia Spectrum

1982 • 252 citations

Schizophrenia Following Pre-natal Exposure to Influenza Epidemics Between 1939 and 1960

1992 • 248 citations

Mental hospital admission rates of immigrants to England: A comparison of 1971 and 1981

1989 • 231 citations

The Finnish adoptive family study of schizophrenia. Implications for family research.

1994 • 224 citations

The Genetics of Schizophrenia is the Genetics of Neurodevelopment

1991 • 218 citations

Developmental Brain Abnormalities in the Offspring of Schizophrenic Mothers

1993 • 208 citations

Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of the Brain in Normal Preterm and Term Infants, and Early Changes after Perinatal Hypoxia-Ischemia

1996 • 198 citations

Pre-morbid Adjustment and Personality in Psychosis

1991 • 193 citations

Clinical features of cocaine-induced paranoia

1991 • 189 citations

Ventriculomegaly, delayed myelination, white matter hypoplasia, and “periventricular” leukomalacia: How are they related?

1996 • 188 citations

A prospective study of stressful life events and schizophrenic relapse.

1989 • 186 citations

Risk of schizophrenia in adults born after obstetric complications and their association with early onset of illness: a controlled study.

1992 • 180 citations

The 100-year epidemiology of schizophrenia

1997 • 179 citations

The Finnish Adoptive Family Study of Schizophrenia

1994 • 178 citations

Schizophrenia in Surinamese and Dutch Antillean immigrants to The Netherlands: evidence of an increased incidence

1997 • 174 citations

Morbid risk of schizophrenia for relatives of patients with cannabis-associated psychosis

1995 • 170 citations

Are British Psychiatrists Racist?

1990 • 167 citations

First-Contact Incidence Rates of Schizophrenia in Trinidad and One-Year Follow-up

1996 • 166 citations

Maternal influenza, obstetric complications, and schizophrenia

1995 • 164 citations

Influence of cannabis abuse on schizophrenic psychopathology

1992 • 159 citations

First Admissions of Native-Born and Immigrants to Psychiatric Hospitals in South-East England 1976

1981 • 158 citations

First psychiatric admission rates of first and second generation Afro Caribbeans

1987 • 156 citations

Schizophrenia and the myth of intellectual decline

1997 • 153 citations

Hallucinogenic drugs as precipitants of schizophrenia

1974 • 149 citations

The Incidence of First Contact Schizophrenia in Jamaica

1995 • 149 citations

Marijuana use in schizophrenia: a clear hazard

1978 • 144 citations

Perinatal Risk Factors and Schizophrenia: Selective Review and Methodological Concerns

1995 • 138 citations

Cerebral lateralization is delayed in children who later develop schizophrenia

1996 • 138 citations

Cannabis and psychotic illness

1992 • 136 citations

A One Year Prospective Study of the Effect of Life Events and Medication in the Aetiology of Schizophrenic Relapse

1996 • 135 citations

CHILDREN OF WEST INDIAN IMMIGRANTS–I. RATES OF BEHAVIOURAL DEVIANCE AND OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDER

1974 • 135 citations

Prenatal and neonatal risk factors for schizophrenia

1997 • 130 citations

Hippocampal volume reduction in schizophrenia: effects of genetic risk and pregnancy and birth complications

1999 • 129 citations

Schizophrenia and Afro-Caribbeans a Case-Control Study

1991 • 129 citations

Age at Onset, Sex, and Familial Psychiatric Morbidity in Schizophrenia

1994 • 127 citations

Low Birth Weight and Schizophrenia

1994 • 121 citations

Psychiatric disorders in selected immigrant groups in Camberwell

1981 • 114 citations

Incidence and Timing of Germinal Matrix/Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Low Birth Weight Infants

1993 • 114 citations

The Interaction of Seasonality, Place of Birth, Genetic Risk and Subsequent Schizophrenia in a High Risk Sample

1983 • 112 citations

Autoimmune diseases in the pedigrees of schizophrenic and control subjects

1996 • 108 citations

The ecogenetics of schizophrenia: a review

1998 • 103 citations

Low birth weight and a family history of schizophrenia predict poor premorbid functioning in psychosis

1991 • 97 citations

Psychiatric Disorder, Drinking and Alcoholism:

1986 • 93 citations

Schizophrenic patients and their first-degree relatives show an excess of mixed-handedness

1999 • 91 citations

A Jamaican psychiatrist evaluates diagnoses at a London psychiatric hospital

1999 • 90 citations

Life events and relapse in schizophrenia

1990 • 89 citations

Childhood behavioral characteristics and adult brain morphology in schizophrenia

1996 • 89 citations

Schizophrenia.

1996 • 88 citations

Searching for the Causes of Schizophrenia: The Role of Migrant Studies

1990 • 88 citations

Schizophrenia in the Afro-Caribbean Community

1994 • 84 citations

Schizophrenia, abnormal connection, and brain evolution

1983 • 80 citations

Increased rate of psychosis among African–Caribbeans in Britain is not due to an excess of pregnancy and birth complications

1997 • 79 citations

Increased rates of schizophrenia among immigrants: some methodological concerns raised by Danish findings

1997 • 77 citations

Prevalence of Familiality, Obstetric Complications, and Structural Brain Damage in Schizophrenic Patients

1988 • 74 citations

Life events, ethnicity and perceptions of discrimination in patients with severe mental illness

1999 • 67 citations

Schizophrenia: increased risk associated with winter and city birth--a case-control study in 12 regions within England and Wales.

1995 • 57 citations

Small head circumference at birth in schizophrenia

1996 • 56 citations

Confinement of Winter Birth Excess in Schizophrenia to the Urban-born and its Gender Specificity

1995 • 46 citations

Long-term follow-up of young Afro-Caribbean Britons and white Britons with a first admission diagnosis of schizophrenia

1994 • 41 citations

Adult Schizophrenia With Scholastic Failure or Low IQ in Childhood

1971 • 40 citations

Immigration and psychopathology: a clinical study

1995 • 34 citations

Seasonality of birth in schizophrenia: the effect of regional population density

1997 • 31 citations

Immigration, moving house and psychiatric admissions

1998 • 27 citations

Neurodevelopmental aspects of schizophrenia

1993 • 26 citations

Childhood laterality and later risk of schizophrenia in the 1946 British birth cohort

1997 • 25 citations

Why is there a high rate of schizophrenia in British Caribbeans

1989 • 24 citations

Seasonality of births in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: A review of the literature

1997 • 22 citations

Cerebral and renal artery blood flow velocity before and after birth

1996 • 21 citations

Growing up in the inner city: findings from the inner London longitudinal study

1989 • 16 citations

Why is there a high rate of schizophrenia in British Caribbeans?

1989 • 14 citations

The ecogenetics of schizophrenia

2001 • 11 citations

Why don't preschizophrenic children have delusions and hallucinations?

1991 • 10 citations

City birth and schizophrenia incidence: Is the relationship diagnosis-specific?

1997 • 8 citations

Individual patient data metaanalysis of the association between schizophrenia and abnormalities of pregnancy and labour

1997 • 8 citations

Schizophrenia following prenatal rubella exposure: Gestational timing and diagnostic specificity

1998 • 6 citations

Psychosis and cannabis use

1998 • 5 citations

Doctors plead for funds for Hungary's alcohol problem

1995 • 4 citations

Life events, family history and ethnicity in schizophrenia

1998 • 3 citations

Incidence rates for schizophrenia and migration. Another view of the excess risk for schizophrenia among African-Caribbeans in Britain

1998 • 3 citations

Winter birth excess in schizophrenics born in french urban areas

1996 • 3 citations

There is a higher morbid risk of schizophrenia in the siblings of 2nd generation caribbean schizophrenic probands compared to white counterparts

1996 • 2 citations

British Neuropsychiatry Association

1990 • 1 citations