The basal ganglia: An overview of circuits and function

Parallel Organization of Functionally Segregated Circuits Linking Basal Ganglia and Cortex

1986 • 8,208 citations

The functional anatomy of basal ganglia disorders

1989 • 5,166 citations

Predictive Reward Signal of Dopamine Neurons

1998 • 4,446 citations

Primate models of movement disorders of basal ganglia origin

1990 • 3,722 citations

D ₁ and D ₂ Dopamine Receptor-regulated Gene Expression of Striatonigral and Striatopallidal Neurons

1990 • 2,873 citations

Getting Formal with Dopamine and Reward

2002 • 2,558 citations

THE BASAL GANGLIA: FOCUSED SELECTION AND INHIBITION OF COMPETING MOTOR PROGRAMS

1996 • 2,415 citations

A polymorphic DNA marker genetically linked to Huntington's disease

1983 • 2,329 citations

Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia. I. The cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop

1995 • 2,101 citations

Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia. II. The place of subthalamic nucleus and external pallidium in basal ganglia circuitry

1995 • 1,339 citations

Anatomical Evidence for Cerebellar and Basal Ganglia Involvement in Higher Cognitive Function

1994 • 1,330 citations

Functional significance of the cortico–subthalamo–pallidal ‘hyperdirect’ pathway

2002 • 1,295 citations

Role of the Basal Ganglia in the Control of Purposive Saccadic Eye Movements

2000 • 1,253 citations

Dopamine Dependency of Oscillations between Subthalamic Nucleus and Pallidum in Parkinson's Disease

2001 • 1,119 citations

Longitudinal topography and interdigitation of corticostriatal projections in the rhesus monkey

1985 • 1,082 citations

Deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease

2003 • 980 citations

Disinhibition as a basic process in the expression of striatal functions

1990 • 848 citations

Pathophysiology of the basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease

2000 • 817 citations

Cellular Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation: Model-Based Analysis of Activation and Inhibition

2004 • 794 citations

THE CORTICO-STRIATE PROJECTION IN THE MONKEY

1970 • 790 citations

Memory and Addiction

2004 • 761 citations

Tolcapone

1998 • 735 citations

Visual and oculomotor functions of monkey substantia nigra pars reticulata. III. Memory-contingent visual and saccade responses

1983 • 712 citations

The functions of the basal ganglia and the paradox of stereotaxic surgery in Parkinson's disease

1994 • 701 citations

The structure of the caudate nucleus of the cat: light and electron microscopy

1971 • 666 citations

"ON-OFF" EFFECTS IN PATIENTS WITH PARKINSON'S DISEASE ON CHRONIC LEVODOPA THERAPY

1976 • 651 citations

The neurobiology of saccadic eye movements.

1989 • 613 citations

Firing Patterns and Correlations of Spontaneous Discharge of Pallidal Neurons in the Normal and the Tremulous 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine Vervet Model of Parkinsonism

2000 • 582 citations

The thalamostriatal system: a highly specific network of the basal ganglia circuitry

2004 • 580 citations

Classification of Dystonia

2018 • 553 citations

The Basal Ganglia and Involuntary Movements

2003 • 511 citations

Deep brain stimulation for refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder

2005 • 506 citations

Neuronal activity in the basal ganglia in patients with generalized dystonia and hemiballismus

1999 • 505 citations

Characterization of cholinergic neurons in the rat neostriatum. A combination of choline acetyltransferase immunocytochemistry, Golgi-impregnation and electron microscopy

1984 • 468 citations

The Organization of Cerebellar and Basal Ganglia Outputs to Primary Motor Cortex as Revealed by Retrograde Transneuronal Transport of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

1999 • 454 citations

Bilateral deep brain stimulation of the pedunculopontine nucleus for Parkinson's disease

2005 • 448 citations

Basal-ganglia 'Projections' to the Prefrontal Cortex of the Primate

2002 • 438 citations

Remodelling of hand representation in adult cortex determined by timing of tactile stimulation

1995 • 436 citations

OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE AND OTHER BEHAVIOURAL CHANGES WITH BILATERAL BASAL GANGLIA LESIONS

1989 • 421 citations

Implantation of human pedunculopontine nucleus: a safe and clinically relevant target in Parkinson's disease

2005 • 413 citations

Anatomical and physiological evidence for D1 and D2 dopamine receptor colocalization in neostriatal neurons

2000 • 407 citations

Projections of the precentral motor cortex and other cortical areas of the frontal lobe to the subthalamic nucleus in the monkey

1978 • 405 citations

Basal ganglia efferents to the brainstem centers controlling postural muscle tone and locomotion: a new concept for understanding motor disorders in basal ganglia dysfunction

2003 • 379 citations

Extracellular Stimulation of Central Neurons: Influence of Stimulus Waveform and Frequency on Neuronal Output

2002 • 369 citations

Glutamate decarboxylase immunoreactive neurons in rat neostriatum: their morphological types and populations

1988 • 365 citations

The functional anatomy of disorders of the basal ganglia

1995 • 362 citations

Distributed but convergent ordering of corticostriatal projections: analysis of the frontal eye field and the supplementary eye field in the macaque monkey

1992 • 356 citations

Tourette's syndrome and deep brain stimulation

2005 • 354 citations

Organization of the basal ganglia: the importance of axonal collateralization

2000 • 305 citations

Neurosurgery for intractable obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression: critical issues

2003 • 304 citations

Deep brain stimulation: Postoperative issues

2006 • 300 citations

The temporal lobe is a target of output from the basal ganglia.

1996 • 290 citations

Handbook of Physiology. Section I. The Nervous System

1982 • 276 citations

Cortical inputs to the subthalamus: intracellular analysis

1981 • 275 citations

Anatomical aspects of information processing in primate basal ganglia

1993 • 258 citations

Paradoxical movement in Parkinson's disease

1991 • 256 citations

Levodopa-induced dyskinesias and dopamine-dependent stereotypies: a new hypothesis

2000 • 232 citations

Surgery in Tourette syndrome

2004 • 222 citations

Evidence for a GABAergic inhibitory nigrotectal pathway in the rat

1981 • 189 citations

Bilateral globus pallidus stimulation for Huntington's disease

2004 • 189 citations

Neurobiology of basal ganglia and Tourette syndrome: basal ganglia circuits and thalamocortical outputs.

2006 • 181 citations

MPTP induces dystonia and parkinsonism

1997 • 178 citations

Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia in X‐linked recessive dystonia‐parkinsonism

2005 • 178 citations

Thalamic Single Neuron Activity in Patients With Dystonia: Dystonia-Related Activity and Somatic Sensory Reorganization

1999 • 173 citations

Changes in brain anatomy in focal hand dystonia

2004 • 167 citations

Dopamine receptors: from structure to behavior

2000 • 149 citations

Neuronal Activity in Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata during Target Selection

2002 • 147 citations

TorsinA

2001 • 141 citations

Dopamine agonists, receptor selectivity and dyskinesia induction in Parkinsonʼs disease

2003 • 135 citations

Neurosurgical treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder

1998 • 134 citations

Inhibitory nigral influence on tectospinal neurons, a possible implication of basal ganglia in orienting behavior

1984 • 129 citations

Tonically Active Neurons in the Primate Caudate Nucleus and Putamen Differentially Encode Instructed Motivational Outcomes of Action

2004 • 124 citations

The functional anatomy of disorders of the basal ganglia

1995 • 115 citations

The Reward Signal of Midbrain Dopamine Neurons

1999 • 107 citations

A Cursing Brain? The Histories of Tourette Syndrome

2001 • 105 citations

The nigro-tectal pathway. An electrophysiological reinvestigation in the rat

1981 • 98 citations

The Functional Neuroanatomy of Tourette's Syndrome An FDG PET Study III: Functional Coupling of Regional Cerebral Metabolic Rates

2002 • 97 citations

Dynamical changes and temporal precision of synchronized spiking activity in monkey motor cortex during movement preparation

2000 • 88 citations

Extracellular excitation of central neurons: implications for the mechanisms of deep brain stimulation

2001 • 87 citations

Connections of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) I. Substantia nigra afferents

1983 • 75 citations

Relation of size and activity of motor cortex pyramidal tract neurons during skilled movements in the monkey

1981 • 67 citations

Pursuit Subregion of the Frontal Eye Field Projects to the Caudate Nucleus in Monkeys

2003 • 67 citations

Role of tonically-active neurons in the control of striatal function: Cellular mechanisms and behavioral correlates

2001 • 65 citations

Neuronal Activity in the Primate Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata During the Performance of Simple and Memory-Guided Elbow Movements

2004 • 44 citations

A Cursing Brain? The Histories of Tourette Syndrome.

2000 • 24 citations

Eye position and memory saccade related responses in substantia nigra pars reticulata

2004 • 20 citations

Deep Brain Stimulation for Obesity Control: Analyzing Stimulation Parameters to Modulate Energy Expenditure

2005 • 12 citations