The Tat Protein of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Is a Substrate and Inhibitor of the Interferon-induced, Virally Activated Protein Kinase, PKR

[6] Use of T7 RNA polymerase to direct expression of cloned genes

1990 • 6,681 citations

Cellular uptake of the tat protein from human immunodeficiency virus

1988 • 2,690 citations

In-gel digestion of proteins for internal sequence analysis after one- or two-dimensional gel electrophoresis

1992 • 1,259 citations

Activation in vitro of NF-κB" by phosphorylation of its inhibitor IκB"

1990 • 1,202 citations

TRANSLATIONAL CONTROL IN MAMMALIAN CELLS

1991 • 1,041 citations

Tat protein of HIV-1 stimulates growth of cells derived from Kaposi's sarcoma lesions of AIDS patients

1990 • 899 citations

Trans -Activator Gene of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III (HTLV-III)

1985 • 872 citations

The location of cis-acting regulatory sequences in the human T cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III/LAV) long terminal repeat

1985 • 825 citations

Release, uptake, and effects of extracellular human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein on cell growth and viral transactivation

1993 • 805 citations

Phosphorylation of initiation factor eIF-2 and the control of reticulocyte protein synthesis

1977 • 750 citations

The trans-activator gene of the human T cell lymphotropic virus type III is required for replication

1986 • 615 citations

Antiviral actions of interferon interferon-regulated cellular proteins and their surprisingly selective antiviral activities

1991 • 600 citations

HIV-1 Tat protein increases transcriptional initiation and stabilizes elongation

1989 • 577 citations

Double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase activates transcription factor NF-kappa B by phosphorylating I kappa B.

1994 • 569 citations

Location of the Trans -Activating Region on the Genome of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type III

1985 • 558 citations

Malignant transformation by a mutant of the IFN-inducible dsRNA-dependent protein kinase

1992 • 543 citations

HIV F/3' orf encodes a phosphorylated GTP-binding protein resembling an oncogene product

1987 • 523 citations

Structural and functional characterization of human immunodeficiency virus tat protein

1989 • 444 citations

A bulge structure in HIV-1 TAR RNA is required for Tat binding and Tat-mediated trans-activation.

1990 • 412 citations

Adenovirus virus-associated RNA and translation control

1991 • 387 citations

The role of Tat in the human immunodeficiency virus life cycle indicates a primary effect on transcriptional elongation.

1991 • 360 citations

Characterization of Rous sarcoma virus src gene products synthesized in vitro

1978 • 352 citations

Lentivirus Tat proteins specifically associate with a cellular protein kinase, TAK, that hyperphosphorylates the carboxyl-terminal domain of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II: candidate for a Tat cofactor

1995 • 338 citations

The Interferon-induced Double-Stranded RNA-Activated Protein Kinase Induces Apoptosis

1994 • 322 citations

Identification and purification of a human immunoglobulin-enhancer-binding protein (NF-kappa B) that activates transcription from a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 promoter in vitro.

1988 • 309 citations

Autophosphorylation of the protein kinase dependent on double-stranded RNA.

1987 • 301 citations

HIV-1 Tat protein trans-activates transcription in vitro

1990 • 277 citations

Direct interaction of human TFIID with the HIV-1 transactivator Tat

1994 • 251 citations

Trans-activation of human immunodeficiency virus gene expression is mediated by nuclear events.

1987 • 246 citations

A cDNA for a Protein That Interacts with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Tat Transactivator

1990 • 234 citations

Vaccinia virus-encoded elF-2α homolog abrogates the antiviral effect of interferon

1991 • 233 citations

Repression of MHC Class I Gene Promoter Activity by Two-Exon Tat of HIV

1993 • 223 citations

In vitro and in vivo binding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein and Sp1 transcription factor

1993 • 218 citations

TAR RNA-binding protein is an inhibitor of the interferon-induced protein kinase PKR.

1994 • 215 citations

Purification and activation of the double-stranded RNA-dependent eIF-2 kinase DAI.

1989 • 197 citations

Activation of double-stranded RNA-dependent kinase (dsl) by the TAR region of HIV-1 mRNA: A novel translational control mechanism

1989 • 196 citations

The cellular 68,000-Mr protein kinase is highly autophosphorylated and activated yet significantly degraded during poliovirus infection: implications for translational regulation

1989 • 184 citations

Double-stranded-RNA-dependent protein kinase and TAR RNA-binding protein form homo- and heterodimers in vivo.

1995 • 165 citations

Purification and partial characterization of a cellular inhibitor of the interferon-induced protein kinase of Mr 68,000 from influenza virus-infected cells.

1990 • 164 citations

Control of the Interferon-Induced 68-Kilodalton Protein Kinase by the HIV-1 tat Gene Product

1990 • 155 citations

The phosphorylation of proteins: a major mechanism for biological regulation

1985 • 151 citations

HIV-1 Tat Directly Interacts with the Interferon-Induced, Double-Stranded RNA-Dependent Kinase, PKR

1995 • 149 citations

HIV-1 TAR RNA Has an Intrinsic Ability to Activate Interferon-Inducible Enzymes

1994 • 142 citations

Mutants of the RNA-Dependent Protein Kinase (PKR) Lacking Double-Stranded RNA Binding Domain I Can Act as Transdominant Inhibitors and Induce Malignant Transformation

1995 • 139 citations

Activation of interferon-regulated, dsRNA-dependent enzymes by human immunodeficiency virus-1 leader RNA

1989 • 135 citations

Specific Interaction of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Tat Proteins with a Cellular Protein Kinase

1993 • 132 citations

Tat-responsive region RNA of human immunodeficiency virus 1 can prevent activation of the double-stranded-RNA-activated protein kinase.

1990 • 131 citations

Guanine nucleotides, protein phosphorylation and the control of translation

1986 • 124 citations

Casein kinase II phosphorylates p34cdc2 kinase in G1 phase of the HeLa cell division cycle.

1992 • 119 citations

The double‐stranded RNA‐dependent protein kinase is also activated by heparin

1987 • 116 citations

Autophosphorylation Sites Participate in the Activation of the Double-Stranded-RNA-Activated Protein Kinase PKR

1996 • 110 citations

Activation of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Cascades by p21-activated Protein Kinases in Cell-free Extracts of Xenopus Oocytes

1995 • 98 citations

Direct evidence for translational regulation by leader RNA and Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

1990 • 96 citations

Trans-activation of HIV-1 LTR-directed gene expression by tat requires protein kinase C.

1990 • 88 citations

Phosphorylation of the rev gene product of human immunodeficiency virus type 1

1988 • 88 citations

Effects of integration and replication on transcription of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat.

1993 • 79 citations

Two interferon-induced proteins are involved in the protein kinase complex dependent on double-stranded RNA

1985 • 78 citations

Tat-responsive region RNA of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 stimulates protein synthesis in vivo and in vitro: relationship between structure and function.

1992 • 67 citations

Activation of the Double‐Stranded‐RNA‐Activated Protein Kinase and Induction of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule‐1 by Poly (I) · Poly (C) in Endothelial Cells

1995 • 67 citations

Removal of double-stranded contaminants from RNA transcripts: synthesis of adenovirus VA RNA₁from a T7 vector

1990 • 65 citations

HIV-1 Tat Overcomes Inefficient Transcriptional Elongation in Vitro

1993 • 63 citations

Vaccinia specific kinase inhibitory factor prevents translational inhibition by double-stranded RNA in rabbit reticulocyte lysate

1989 • 63 citations

Isolation of a cellular protein that binds to the human immunodeficiency virus Tat protein and can potentiate transactivation of the viral promoter.

1991 • 59 citations

Another version of the human insulin receptor kinase domain: expression, purification, and characterization.

1989 • 57 citations

Partial characterization of a cellular factor that regulates the double-stranded RNA-dependent eIF-2 alpha kinase in 3T3-F442A fibroblasts.

1991 • 46 citations

Mechanism of interferon action: RNA-binding activity of full-length and R-domain forms ofthe RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR — Determination of K values for VAI and TAR RNAs

1995 • 40 citations

Identification of a 90-kDa polypeptide which associates with adenovirus VA RNAI and is phosphorylated by the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase

1989 • 36 citations

Purification and Properties of the Aspartyl Ribonucleic Acid Synthetase of Lactobacillus arabinosus

1963 • 33 citations

Binding of NF-kB to the HIV-1 LTR Is Not Sufficient to Induce HIV-1 LTR Activity

1992 • 28 citations

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat-mediated trans activation correlates with the phosphorylation state of a cellular TAR RNA stem-binding factor

1992 • 27 citations

Inhibition of the dsRNA-Dependent Protein Kinase by a Peptide Derived from the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Tat Protein

1993 • 22 citations

The full-length Tat protein is required for TAR-independent, posttranscriptional trans activation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 env gene expression

1993 • 19 citations

Modulation of Interferon-Mediated Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 by Tat

1994 • 9 citations