Electrically-assisted transdermal drug delivery.

Epidermal Lipids, Barrier Function, and Desquamation

1983 • 1,296 citations

Electroporation of mammalian skin: a mechanism to enhance transdermal drug delivery.

1993 • 631 citations

The role of electroosmotic flow in transdermal iontophoresis

2001 • 400 citations

Studies on Contact Sensitivity to Chromium in the Guinea Pig. The Role of Valence in the Formation of the Antigenic Determinant

1983 • 354 citations

Characterization of the Permselective Properties of Excised Human Skin During Iontophoresis

1987 • 306 citations

Facilitated Transdermal Transport of Insulin

1987 • 255 citations

Current status and future prospects of transdermal drug delivery.

1996 • 254 citations

Comparison Between the Lontophoretic and Passive Transport of Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone Across Excised Nude Mouse Skin

1986 • 235 citations

Iontophoretic delivery of drugs: Fundamentals, developments and biomedical applications

1988 • 225 citations

The epidermal permeability barrier

1988 • 223 citations

Characterization of the Pore Transport Properties and Tissue Alteration of Excised Human Skin during Iontophoresis

1988 • 164 citations

The isolated perfused porcine skin flap (IPPSF) I. A novel in vitro model for percutaneous absorption and cutaneous toxicology studies

1986 • 162 citations

Iontophoretic Delivery Model Inorganic and Drug Ions

1989 • 151 citations

Transdermal ion migration

1992 • 140 citations

Sites of Iontophoretic Current Flow Into the Skin: Identification and Characterization with the Vibrating Probe Electrode

1991 • 136 citations

Transdermal Delivery of Heparin by Skin Electroporation

1995 • 134 citations

Transport mechanisms in iontophoresis. I. A theoretical model for the effect of electroosmotic flow on flux enhancement in transdermal iontophoresis.

1990 • 131 citations

Effect of electroporation on transdermal iontophoretic delivery of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) in vitro.

1994 • 130 citations

Transport mechanisms in iontophoresis. II. Electroosmotic flow and transference number measurements for hairless mouse skin.

1990 • 129 citations

Transdermal Iontophoretic Drug Delivery: Mechanistic Analysis and Application to Polypeptide Delivery

1989 • 125 citations

Iontophoretic delivery of amino acids and amino acid derivatives across the skin in vitro.

1991 • 124 citations

Enhanced percutaneous absorption via iontophoresis I. Evaluation of an in vitro system and transport of model compounds

1986 • 124 citations

Transport mechanisms in iontophoresis. III. An experimental study of the contributions of electroosmotic flow and permeability change in transport of low and high molecular weight solutes.

1990 • 123 citations

What are the pathways of iontophoretic current flow through mammalian skin?

1992 • 109 citations

Skin alteration and convective solvent flow effects during iontophoresis: I. Neutral solute transport across human skin

1991 • 106 citations

Increased penetration of nonelectrolytes into mouse skin during iontophoretic water transport (iontohydrokinesis).

1980 • 106 citations

Transport of ionic species in skin: contribution of pores to the overall skin conductance.

1993 • 92 citations

Blood glucose control in diabetic rats by transdermal iontophoretic delivery of insulin

1988 • 89 citations

The Isolated Perfused Porcine Skin Flap as anIn VitroModel for Percutaneous Absorption and Cutaneous Toxicology

1991 • 89 citations

Identification of the pathway of iontophoretic drug delivery: light and ultrastructural studies using mercuric chloride in pigs.

1994 • 88 citations

Metabolic Approaches To Enhance Transdermal Drug Delivery. 1. Effect of Lipid Synthesis Inhibitors

1996 • 86 citations

Skin Reactions. IX. The Electrophoretic Demonstration of the Patent Pores of the Living Human Skin; its Relation to the Charge of the Skin.

1940 • 85 citations

Ionic mass transport through a homogeneous membrane in the presence of a uniform electric field

1986 • 85 citations

Hydrogel-based iontotherapeutic delivery devices for transdermal delivery of peptide/protein drugs.

1993 • 85 citations

Pulsatile transdermal delivery of LHRH using electroporation: Drug delivery and skin toxicology

1995 • 81 citations

Iontophoresis of Polypeptides: Effect of Ethanol Pretreatment of Human Skin

1990 • 79 citations

Theoretical models for iontophoretic delivery

1992 • 79 citations

Solute molecular size and transdermal iontophoresis across excised human skin

1993 • 77 citations

Influence of Constant Current Iontophoresis on the Impedance and Passive Na+ Permeability of Excised Nude Mouse Skin

1988 • 71 citations

Effects of Vasoactive Drugs on Transdermal Lidocaine Iontophoresis

1991 • 70 citations

Transdermal delivery of peptides by iontophoresis

1996 • 68 citations

Iontophoretic transport of a homologous series of ionized and nonionized model compounds: influence of hydrophobicity and mechanistic interpretation.

1989 • 59 citations

Altered epidermal morphology secondary to lidocaine iontophoresis: In vivo and in vitro studies in porcine skin

1990 • 54 citations

Examination of iontophoretic transport of ionic drugs across skin: baseline studies with the four-electrode system

1989 • 52 citations

Transdermal lontophoretic Peptide Delivery: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies with Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone

1993 • 50 citations

Transdermal iontophoretic delivery of arginine-vasopressin (I): Physicochemical considerations

1989 • 47 citations

Quantitative Description of the Effect of Molecular Size upon Electroosmotic Flux Enhancement during Iontophoresis for a Synthetic Membrane and Human Epidermal Membrane

1996 • 46 citations

Electro-incorporation of microcarriers as a method for the transdermal delivery of large molecules

1995 • 45 citations

The effect of iontophoresis on skin barrier integrity: non-invasive evaluation by impedance spectroscopy and transepidermal water loss.

1996 • 44 citations

Iontophoresis-facilitated transdermal delivery of verapamil. II. Factors affecting the reversibility of skin permeability

1989 • 43 citations

Quantitative Prediction of Transdermal Iontophoretic Delivery of Arbutamine in Humans with the in Vitro Isolated Perfused Porcine Skin Flap

1992 • 41 citations

Iontophoretic delivery of piroxicam across the skin in vitro

1992 • 36 citations

Transdermal iontophoretic delivery of arginine-vasopressin (II): Evaluation of electrical and operational factors

1990 • 35 citations

Transdermal iontophoretic delivery of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH): effect of repeated administration.

1994 • 34 citations

Visualization of Iontophoretic Transport Paths in Cultured and Animal Skin Models

1996 • 33 citations

Study of the mechanisms of flux enhancement through hairless mouse skin by pulsed DC iontophoresis.

1991 • 31 citations

A Numerical Approach to Study the Effect of Binding on the Iontophoretic Transport of a Series of Amino Acids

1990 • 30 citations

Iontophoresis of nafarelin across human skin in vitro.

1996 • 26 citations

Characterization of in Vitro Transdermal Iontophoretic Delivery of Insulin

1993 • 25 citations

Iontophoretic transport of acetate and carboxylate ions through hairless mouse skin. A cation exchange membrane model

1989 • 24 citations

Skin Reactions. VII. Relationship of Skin Permeability to Electrophoresis of Biologically Active Materials into the Living Human Skin.

1939 • 20 citations

The influence of an electric field on ion and water accessibility to stratum corneum lipid lamellae.

1996 • 19 citations

Model Describing Transdermal lontophoretic Delivery of Lidocaine Incorporating Consideration of Cutaneous Microvascular State

1993 • 19 citations

Optimization of iontophoretic transdermal delivery of a peptide and a non-peptide drug

1994 • 16 citations

Electronic Control of Iontophoretic Drug Delivery

1991 • 14 citations

Quantitative in Vivo Iontophoretic Studies

1994 • 13 citations

Isoelectric Focusing and Capillary Zone Electrophoretic Studies Using Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone and Its Analog

1994 • 12 citations

In vitro iontophoretic delivery of CQA 206–291: influence of ethanol

1993 • 7 citations

Characterization of Transdermal Delivery of Nefopam Hydrochloride under Iontophoresis

1994 • 4 citations