Microglial and macrophage reactions mark progressive changes and define the penumbra in the rat neocortex and striatum after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion

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1981 • 2,780 citations

Focal Cerebral Ischaemia in the Rat: 1. Description of Technique and Early Neuropathological Consequences following Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion

1981 • 1,420 citations

Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist inhibits ischaemic and excitotoxic neuronal damage in the rat

1992 • 547 citations

Correlation between myeloperoxidase-quantified neutrophil accumulation and ischemic brain injury in the rat. Effects of neutrophil depletion.

1994 • 485 citations

Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression in Brain following Cerebral Ischemia

1995 • 479 citations

Greenfield's Neuropathology

1993 • 445 citations

Murine brain macrophages induce NMDA receptor mediated neurotoxicity in vitro by secreting glutamate

1991 • 421 citations

The Quantification of Cerebral Infarction following Focal Ischemia in the Rat: Influence of Strain, Arterial Pressure, Blood Glucose Concentration, and Age

1988 • 393 citations

Inflammatory leukocytic recruitment and diffuse neuronal degeneration are separate pathological processes resulting from traumatic brain injury

1995 • 375 citations

Inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocyte adherence suppresses no-reflow after focal cerebral ischemia in baboons.

1992 • 368 citations

Migration of Hematogenous Cells Through the Blood‐Brain Barrier and the Initiation of CNS Inflammation

1991 • 362 citations

Neuronal Necrosis After Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Wistar Rats Progresses at Different Time Intervals in the Caudoputamen and the Cortex

1995 • 349 citations

Postischemic administration of an anti-Mac-1 antibody reduces ischemic cell damage after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.

1994 • 347 citations

Anti–Intercellular Adhesion Molecule–1 Antibody Reduces Ischemic Cell Damage After Transient But Not Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in the Wistar Rat

1995 • 346 citations

Temporal profile of ischemic tissue damage, neutrophil response, and vascular plugging following permanent and transient (2H) middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat

1994 • 319 citations

The Microglial Reaction in the Rat Dorsal Hippocampus following Transient Forebrain Ischemia

1991 • 301 citations

Immunocytochemical Study of an Early Microglial Activation in Ischemia

1992 • 301 citations

Characterization of microglial reaction after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rat brain

1993 • 274 citations

Local immune responses in the rat cerebral cortex after middle cerebral artery occlusion

1994 • 268 citations

Microglial and Astroglial Reactions to Ischemic and Kainic Acid-Induced Lesions of the Adult Rat Hippocampus

1993 • 266 citations

Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist inhibits neuronal damage caused by fluid percussion injury in the rat

1995 • 252 citations

Attenuation of Stroke Size in Rats Using an Adenoviral Vector to Induce Overexpression of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist in Brain

1995 • 245 citations

Dynamic Penumbra Demonstrated by Sequential Multitracer PET after Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Cats

1994 • 232 citations

Anti‐CD11b monoclonal antibody reduces ischemic cell damage after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rat

1994 • 231 citations

The ischemic penumbra

1994 • 230 citations

Induction of Ischemic Tolerance following Brief Focal Ischemia in Rat Brain

1994 • 223 citations

Reperfusion increases neutrophils and leukotriene B4 receptor binding in rat focal ischemia.

1992 • 187 citations

Phagocytic microglia release cytokines and cytotoxins that regulate the survival of astrocytes and neurons in culture

1994 • 181 citations

Delayed Treatment with AMPA, but Not NMDA, Antagonists Reduces Neocortical Infarction

1994 • 178 citations

Altered cell signaling and mononuclear phagocyte deactivation during intracellular infection

1994 • 174 citations

Reperfusion following focal stroke hastens inflammation and resolution of ischemic injured tissue

1994 • 171 citations

Mechanisms of brain damage in focal cerebral ischemia

1988 • 166 citations

Heat shock protein expression in vulnerable cells of the rat hippocampus as an indicator of excitation-induced neuronal stress

1992 • 158 citations

Microglial MHC antigen expression after ischemic and kainic acid lesions of the adult rat hippocampus

1993 • 155 citations

Progressive expression of immunomolecules on microglial cells in rat dorsal hippocampus following transient forebrain ischemia

1992 • 139 citations

Heat Shock Protein hsp72 Induction in Cortical and Striatal Astrocytes and Neurons following Infarction

1991 • 135 citations

Postischemic (1 hour) hypothermia significantly reduces ischemic cell damage in rats subjected to 2 hours of middle cerebral artery occlusion.

1993 • 118 citations

Cytokines in cerebral ischemia: Expression of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) mRNA in the postischemic adult rat hippocampus

1995 • 113 citations

Structural and functional changes in cerebral arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats.

1983 • 97 citations

Mitosis and apoptosis of microgliain vivo induced by an anti-CR3 antibody which crosses the blood-brain barrier

1993 • 78 citations

Regional Induction of c-Fosand Heat Shock Protein-72 mRNA following Fluid-Percussion Brain Injury in the Rat

1995 • 72 citations

Commentary and Opinion: I. Principal Component Analysis, Variance Partitioning, and “Functional Connectivity”

1995 • 65 citations

Fc receptor for IgG (FcR) on rat microglia

1994 • 65 citations

Microglial Response to Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia: An Immunocytochemical Study on the Rat Cerebral Cortex Using Anti-Phosphotyrosine Antibody

1994 • 61 citations

Enriched immune-environment of blood–brain barrier deficient areas of normal adult rats

1997 • 43 citations

The origin of lipid phagocytes in the central nervous system: II. The adventitia of blood vessels

1982 • 39 citations

Appearance of immunoglobulin G and complement factor C3 in the striatum after transient focal ischemia in the rat

1994 • 22 citations