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Levels of processing: A framework for memory research

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Computational analysis of present-day American English

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Perception and communication.

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Toward an instance theory of automatization.

1988 • 3,311 citations

Attentional requirements of learning: Evidence from performance measures

1987 • 2,933 citations

Finding structure in time

1990 • 2,882 citations

Category norms of verbal items in 56 categories A replication and extension of the Connecticut category norms.

1969 • 2,552 citations

Levels of processing versus transfer appropriate processing

1977 • 2,231 citations

Mechanisms of skill acquisition and the law of practice

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Strategies and models of selective attention.

1969 • 1,216 citations

Implicit memory: Retention without remembering.

1990 • 837 citations

Temporal and spatial characteristics of selective encoding from visual displays

1972 • 586 citations

Chronometric Evidence for Central Postponement in Temporally Overlapping Tasks

1989 • 580 citations

Toward a model of text comprehension and production.

1978 • 556 citations

Repetition priming and automaticity: Common underlying mechanisms?

1990 • 503 citations

Controlled and automatic human information processing: II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending and a general theory.

1977 • 502 citations

Nonanalytic Cognition: Memory, Perception, and Concept Learning

1984 • 431 citations

Memory and the hippocampus: A synthesis from findings with rats, monkeys, and humans.

1992 • 401 citations

Controlled and automatic human information processing: I. Detection, search, and attention.

1977 • 396 citations

Skill and automaticity: Relations, implications, and future directions.

1985 • 378 citations

Context theory of classification learning.

1978 • 277 citations

Automaticity and the ACT Theory

1992 • 269 citations

Training and Stroop-like interference: Evidence for a continuum of automaticity.

1988 • 254 citations

A Connectionist/Control Architecture for Working Memory

1988 • 225 citations

Automatic and effortful processes in memory.

1979 • 216 citations

Shapes of reaction-time distributions and shapes of learning curves: A test of the instance theory of automaticity.

1992 • 203 citations

Dissociations and dependencies between speed and accuracy: Evidence for a two-component theory of divided attention in simple tasks

1989 • 198 citations

On the control of automatic processes: A parallel distributed processing account of the Stroop effect.

1990 • 170 citations

On the Indistinguishability of Exemplar Memory and Abstraction in Category Representation

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The Role of Practice in Dual-Task Performance: Toward Workload Modeling a Connectionist/Control Architecture

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Prototypicality norms for 28 semantic categories

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Toward a Model of Attention and the Development of Automatic Processing.

1984 • 110 citations

On the use of a concurrent memory load to measure attention and automaticity.

1979 • 91 citations

Time sharing as an index of automatization.

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Memory-based automaticity in the discrimination of visual numerosity.

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The locus of interference in the perception of simultaneous stimuli.

1980 • 50 citations

Attention and structure in sequence learning.

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Selective attention and serial processing in briefly presented visual displays

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Categorization (restructuring) and automatization: Two separable factors.

1985 • 40 citations

Consistent attending versus consistent responding in visual search: Task versus component consistency in automatic processing development

1984 • 34 citations

Automatizing alphabet arithmetic: I. Is extended practice necessary to produce automaticity?

1991 • 33 citations

Linguistic and conceptual control of visual spatial attention

1991 • 15 citations

An analysis of memory-based theories of automaticity.

1990 • 13 citations

Limits on perceptual abstraction in reading: Asymmetric transfer between surface forms differing in typicality.

1993 • 10 citations

Cue search and comparison processes in visual search for letters.

1977 • 7 citations

Repetition and reading: Perceptual encoding mechanisms are very abstract but not very interactive.

1989 • 6 citations

Automatic processing, code dissimilarity, and the efficiency of successive memory searches.

1991 • 4 citations