The Lentiviruses: Maedi/Visna, Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis, and Equine Infectious Anemia

Isolation of a T-Lymphotropic Retrovirus from a Patient at Risk for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

1983 • 6,811 citations

Detection, Isolation, and Continuous Production of Cytopathic Retroviruses (HTLV-III) from Patients with AIDS and Pre-AIDS

1984 • 3,566 citations

Isolation of Lymphocytopathic Retroviruses from San Francisco Patients with AIDS

1984 • 1,429 citations

Trans -Activator Gene of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III (HTLV-III)

1985 • 872 citations

The location of cis-acting regulatory sequences in the human T cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III/LAV) long terminal repeat

1985 • 825 citations

Nucleic acid structure and expression of the human AIDS/lymphadenopathy retrovirus

1985 • 706 citations

HTLV-III expression and production involve complex regulation at the levels of splicing and translation of viral RNA

1986 • 673 citations

A second post-transcriptional trans-activator gene required for HTLV-III replication

1986 • 639 citations

Form and Function of Retroviral Proviruses

1982 • 627 citations

Nucleotide sequence of the visna lentivirus: relationship to the AIDS virus

1985 • 572 citations

Pathogenesis of lentivirus infections

1986 • 558 citations

Human Immunodeficiency Viruses

1986 • 476 citations

Sequence Homology and Morphologic Similarity of HTLV-III and Visna Virus, a Pathogenic Lentivirus

1985 • 407 citations

Chronic Arthritis in Goats Caused by a Retrovirus

1980 • 395 citations

An update on human interleukin-1: From molecular biology to clinical relevance

1985 • 372 citations

Tropism of sheep lentiviruses for monocytes: susceptibility to infection and virus gene expression increase during maturation of monocytes to macrophages

1986 • 342 citations

A Trojan Horse mechanism for the spread of visna virus in monocytes

1985 • 340 citations

Post-transcriptional regulation accounts for the trans-activation of the human T-lymphotropic virus type III

1986 • 325 citations

Slow, persistent replication of lentiviruses: role of tissue macrophages and macrophage precursors in bone marrow.

1985 • 320 citations

Retroviruses

1978 • 311 citations

Slow Virus Replication: the Role of Macrophages in the Persistence and Expression of Visna Viruses of Sheep and Goats

1982 • 283 citations

Visna, a Demyelinating Transmissible Disease of Sheep

1957 • 281 citations

Genetic variation in AIDS viruses

1986 • 279 citations

Concepts in Viral Pathogenesis

1984 • 272 citations

Infectious Leukoencephalomyelitis of Young Goats

1974 • 262 citations

Fever and Reduced Iron: Their Interaction as a Host Defense Response to Bacterial Infection

1979 • 261 citations

Equine Infectious Anemia Virus gag and pol Genes: Relatedness to Visna and AIDS Virus

1986 • 252 citations

Lentiviral Diseases of Sheep and Goats: Chronic Pneumonia Leukoencephalomyelitis and Arthritis

1985 • 251 citations

Nucleotide sequence evidence for relationship of AIDS retrovirus to lentiviruses

1985 • 242 citations

Activation of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus expression during maturation of monocytes to macrophages

1983 • 240 citations

Antigenic variation during persistent infection by equine infectious anemia virus, a retrovirus.

1984 • 222 citations

The terminal nucleotides of retrovirus DNA are required for integration but not virus production

1983 • 193 citations

Equine Infectious Anemia Virus: Immunopathogenesis and Persistence

1985 • 186 citations

Antigenic Shift of Visna Virus in Persistently Infected Sheep

1977 • 181 citations

Antigenic drift of equine infectious anemia virus in chronically infected horses

1973 • 178 citations

Pathogenesis of visna. I. Sequential virologic, serologic, and pathologic studies.

1976 • 177 citations

Rapid emergence of novel antigenic and genetic variants of equine infectious anemia virus during persistent infection

1986 • 176 citations

Caprine arthritis-encephalitis: clinical features and presence of antibody in selected goat populations.

1981 • 173 citations

The retrovirus pol gene encodes a product required for DNA integration: identification of a retrovirus int locus.

1984 • 164 citations

Cultivation of visna virus in tissue culture

1960 • 164 citations

Slow Persistent Infection Caused by Visna Virus: Role of Host Restriction

1977 • 163 citations

Diagnosis of equine infectious anemia by immunodiffusion test.

1972 • 157 citations

Equine infectious anemia: current knowledge.

1979 • 152 citations

Production of equine infectious anemia antigen in a persistently infected cell line

1973 • 145 citations

Global survey of serological evidence of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus infection

1984 • 145 citations

Circles with two tandem LTRs are precursors to integrated retrovirus DNA

1984 • 138 citations

Virus Mutation during 'Slow Infection': Temporal Development and Characterization of Mutants of Visna Virus recovered from Sheep

1978 • 129 citations

Restricted replication of lentiviruses. Visna viruses induce a unique interferon during interaction between lymphocytes and infected macrophages.

1985 • 127 citations

Visna DNA synthesis and the tempo of infection in vitro

1982 • 121 citations

Immunodiffusion test for ovine progressive pneumonia.

1977 • 121 citations

Genomic changes associated with antigenic variation of visna virus durig persistent infection.

1980 • 121 citations

Acute arthritis in caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus challenge exposure of vaccinated or persistently infected goats.

1986 • 116 citations

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III shares sequence homology with a family of pathogenic lentiviruses.

1986 • 114 citations

Pathogenesis of visna. II. Effect of immunosuppression upon early central nervous system lesions.

1976 • 114 citations

Nucleotide sequence analysis of equine infectious anemia virus proviral DNA

1987 • 112 citations

Lentivirus genomic organization: The complete nucleotide sequence of the env gene region of equine infectious anemia virus

1986 • 109 citations

Immunofluorescent localization of equine infectious anemia virus in tissue.

1971 • 109 citations

The pathogenesis of viral leukoencephalomyelitis-arthritis of goats. I. Persistent viral infection with progressive pathologic changes.

1980 • 108 citations

Gene expression in visna virus infection in sheep

1981 • 106 citations

Antigenic variation in visna virus

1979 • 103 citations

Persistent expression of Ia antigen and viral genome in visna-maedi virus-induced inflammatory cells. Possible role of lentivirus-induced interferon.

1985 • 103 citations

Slow Virus Infection: Replication and Mechanisms of Persistence of Visna Virus in Sheep

1977 • 102 citations

Antigenic Cross-reactivity between Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis, Visna and Progressive Pneumonia Viruses Involves All Virion-associated Proteins and Glycoproteins

1985 • 102 citations

Lack of neutralizing antibodies to caprine arthritis-encephalitis lentivirus in persistently infected goats can be overcome by immunization with inactivated Mycobacterium tuberculosis

1984 • 98 citations

Ribonucleic Acid-Dependent Deoxyribonucleic Acid Polymerase in Visna Virus

1970 • 95 citations

Neutralizing antibodies to visna lentivirus: mechanism of action and possible role in virus persistence

1986 • 93 citations

Maedi, a Chronic, Progressive Infection of Sheep's Lungs

1952 • 93 citations

The connective tissue component of the caprine arthritis-encephalitis syndrome.

1980 • 92 citations

Cis - and Trans -Acting Transcriptional Regulation of Visna Virus

1985 • 92 citations

Antigenic Drift in Visna: Virus Variation During Long-term Infection of Icelandic Sheep

1983 • 92 citations

Structure, subunit composition, and molecular weight of RD-114 RNA

1975 • 92 citations

Detection of visna virus antigens and RNA in glial cells in foci of demyefnation

1985 • 88 citations

Experimental infection of sheep by caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus and goats by progressive pneumonia virus.

1983 • 85 citations

A pathogenetic study of the early connective tissue lesions of viral caprine arthritis-encephalitis.

1980 • 84 citations

Cell-fusing activity of visna virus particles

1967 • 84 citations

Ovine progressive pneumonia: pathologic and virologic studies on the naturally occurring disease.

1981 • 83 citations

Preferential immune response to virion surface glycoproteins by caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus-infected goats

1983 • 82 citations

Neutralizing antibody spectrum determines the antigenic profiles of emerging mutants of visna virus

1981 • 81 citations

Equine infectious anemia virus, a putative lentivirus, contains polypeptides analogous to prototype-C oncornaviruses

1980 • 78 citations

Morphological and immunological comparison of caprine arthritis encephalitis and ovine progressive pneumonia viruses

1981 • 78 citations

CRC handbook of animal models for the rheumatic diseases

1988 • 77 citations

Isolation and comparative biochemical properties of the major internal polypeptides of equine infectious anemia virus

1982 • 76 citations

Highly lytic and persistent lentiviruses naturally present in sheep with progressive pneumonia are genetically distinct

1984 • 76 citations

Early Immune Responses in Visna, a Slow Viral Disease of Sheep

1978 • 76 citations

Sequence homology between cloned caprine arthritis encephalitis virus and visna virus, two neurotropic lentiviruses

1986 • 75 citations

Structure and Molecular Weight of the 60-70S RNA and the 30-40S RNA of the Rous Sarcoma Virus

1974 • 74 citations

Equine infectious anemia virus: evidence favoring classification as a retravirus

1976 • 73 citations

Pathology of visna

1962 • 72 citations

Serologic prevalence of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus in California goat dairies.

1987 • 72 citations

Nucleotide sequence and transcriptional activity of the caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus long terminal repeat

1986 • 71 citations

Genomic complexities of murine leukemia and sarcoma, reticuloendotheliosis, and visna viruses

1976 • 70 citations

DNA Polymerase Activities in Virions of Visna Virus, a Causative Agent of a “Slow” Neurological Disease

1971 • 70 citations

Mastitis associated with ovine progressive pneumonia virus infection in sheep.

1985 • 68 citations

The Emergence of Antigenic Variants is a Rare Event in Long-term Visna Virus Infection in vivo

1983 • 68 citations

The structural polypeptides of RNA slow viruses

1974 • 66 citations

An electron microscope study of tissue cultures infected with visna virus

1961 • 66 citations

Virulence and in vitro growth of a cell-adapted strain of equine infectious anemia virus after serial passage in ponies.

1982 • 64 citations

The Histopathology of Maedi

1971 • 64 citations

Transcription of Novel Open Reading Frames of AIDS Retrovirus During Infection of Lymphocytes

1985 • 64 citations

Genomic Alterations Associated with Persistent Infections by Equine Infectious Anaemia Virus, a Retrovirus

1984 • 64 citations

Immunologically mediated glomerulitis of horses. I. Pathogenesis in persistent infection by equine infectious anemia virus.

1972 • 63 citations

Host-Virus Interaction in Visna Infected Sheep

1965 • 63 citations

Visna Virus: a Slow Virus with an RNA Dependent DNA Polymerase

1971 • 63 citations

Visna virus DNA: Discovery of a novel gapped structure

1981 • 62 citations

Slow virus visna: reproduction in vitro of virus from extrachromosomal DNA.

1984 • 61 citations

Pathology of viral leukoencephalomyelitis of goats

1974 • 60 citations

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III: immunologic characterization and primary structure analysis of the major internal protein, p24

1985 • 59 citations

Characterization of the infection of caprine synovial membrane cells by the retrovirus caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus

1981 • 58 citations

Transmission of Maedi by Inoculation of a Virus Grown in Tissue Culture from Maedi-Affected Lungs

1967 • 58 citations

Experimental Visna in Icelandic Sheep: The Prototype Lentiviral Infection

1985 • 58 citations

Genetic variation among lentiviruses: homology between visna virus and caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus is confined to the 5' gag-pol region and a small portion of the env gene

1984 • 58 citations

Immune responses of goats persistently infected with caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus

1980 • 57 citations

Precursor Polypeptides to Structural Proteins of Visna Virus

1982 • 53 citations

Electron microscopic observations of visna virus-infected cell cultures

1970 • 53 citations

Lesions of ovine progressive pneumonia: interstitial pneumonitis and encephalitis.

1979 • 53 citations

Antigenic and Morphological Similarities of Progressive Pneumonia Virus, a Recently Isolated “Slow Virus” of Sheep, to Visna and Maedi Viruses

1971 • 52 citations

Visna virus exhibits a complex transcriptional pattern: one aspect of gene expression shared with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome retrovirus

1987 • 52 citations

Scanning and transmission electron microscopic study of equine infectious anemia virus.

1978 • 51 citations

The gp135 of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus affords greater sensitivity than the p28 in immunodiffusion serology.

1986 • 51 citations

Caprine arthritis-encephalitis: clinicopathologic study.

1982 • 51 citations

Neutralizing antibody response of rabbits and goats to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus

1982 • 51 citations

The effect of post-infection immunization on the severity of experimental visna

1981 • 50 citations

Characterization of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus: A retrovirus of goats

1981 • 49 citations

Serological definition of the lentivirus group of retroviruses

1979 • 49 citations

Light- and electron-microscopic findings of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis synovium: Comparison with normal juvenile synovium

1978 • 48 citations

Characterization of Ribonucleic Acid from Visna Virus

1971 • 48 citations

High molecular weight RNAs from Rous sarcoma virus and Moloney murine leukemia virus contain two subunits.

1976 • 47 citations

Zwoegerziekte virus, the causative agent for progressive interstitial pneumonia (maedi) and meningo-leucoencephalitis (visna) in sheep

1975 • 46 citations

Isolation and characterization of a virus associated with progressive pneumonia (maedi) of sheep.

1976 • 46 citations

Isolation of a virus from the lungs of montana sheep affected with progressive pneumonia

1968 • 46 citations

Molecular cloning of integrated caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus

1985 • 46 citations

Transcription of visna virus during its lytic cycle: Evidence for a sequential early and late gene expression

1987 • 45 citations

Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus Is Distinct from Visna and Progressive Pneumonia Viruses as Measured by Genome Sequence Homology

1982 • 44 citations

Genomic changes associated with antigenic variation of visna virus

1982 • 43 citations

Characterization of RNA from equine infectious anemia virus

1977 • 42 citations

Pathogenesis of visna. III. Immune responses to central nervous system antigens in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and visna.

1976 • 40 citations

Concepts in Viral Pathogenesis

1985 • 39 citations

Antibody Formation in Zwoegerziekte, a Slow Infection in Sheep

1970 • 39 citations

Topographical rearrangements of visna virus envelope glycoprotein during antigenic drift

1987 • 38 citations

Susceptibility of blood-derived monocytes and macrophages to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus

1983 • 37 citations

Complement (C′3)-Coated Red Blood Cells Following Infection with the Virus of Equine Infectious Anemia

1969 • 36 citations

A Sequential Study of Virus Expression in Retrovirus-induced Arthritis of Goats

1984 • 36 citations

Physical and Biochemical Properties of Progressive Pneumonia Virus

1971 • 35 citations

Immunopathology of Equine Infectious Anemia

1971 • 34 citations

Slow virus-macrophage interactions. Characterization of a transformed cell line of sheep alveolar macrophages that express a marker for susceptibility to ovine-caprine lentivirus infections.

1984 • 33 citations

Carriers of equine infectious anemia virus.

1984 • 33 citations

Ataxia in four horses with equine infectious anemia.

1982 • 33 citations

Quantitative analysis of visna virus replication in Vivo

1985 • 33 citations

RNA-dependent DNA polymerase associated with equine infectious anemia virus

1977 • 32 citations

Characterization of visna virus nucleic acid

1971 • 31 citations

Caprine arthritis-encephalitis: review of the neurologic form in 30 cases.

1983 • 31 citations

The gp135 of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus affords greater sensitivity than the p28 in immunodiffusion serology

1986 • 31 citations

Complexity and polyadenylic acid content of visna virus 60-70S RNA

1977 • 30 citations

Growth characteristics of equine infectious anemia virus in horse leukocyte cultures

1970 • 30 citations

Viral-induced hemolysis in equine infectious anemia.

1969 • 30 citations

Molecular cloning and physical characterization of integrated equine infectious anemia virus: Molecular and immunologic evidence of its close relationship to ovine and caprine lentiviruses

1986 • 28 citations

Isolation of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus from a goat

1982 • 28 citations

Decreased C3 Levels in a Chronic Virus Infection: Equine Infectious Anemia

1971 • 28 citations

Physical properties of moloney murine leukemia virus high-molecular-weight RNA: a two subunit structure

1975 • 28 citations

The caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus is a distinct virus within the lentivirus group

1983 • 27 citations

Impaired bone marrow response in equine infectious anemia.

1969 • 27 citations

Electron Microscopy of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus

1969 • 27 citations

Characterisation, experimental infection and serological response to caprine retrovirus

1983 • 27 citations

Experimental Studies in Equine Infectious Anemia

1954 • 25 citations

A Meningo-Leucoencephalomyelitis Resembling Visna in Dutch Zwoeger Sheep

1966 • 25 citations

Antigenic and Structural Variation of the p28 Core Polypeptide of Goat and Sheep Retroviruses

1987 • 25 citations

Characterization of the infection of equine fibroblasts by equine infectious anemia virus

1979 • 24 citations

Properties of Maedi Nucleic Acid and the Presence of Ribonucleic Acid- and Deoxyribonucleic Acid-Dependent Deoxyribonucleic Acid Polymerase in the Virions

1972 • 24 citations

In vitro Host Range of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus

1981 • 24 citations

A comparison of the high molecular weight RNAs of visna virus and Rous sarcoma virus

1974 • 24 citations

Nucleic acid sequence relationships among “slow” viruses of sheep

1976 • 23 citations

Biochemical Characterization of the Virus Causing Leukoencephalitis and Arthritis in Goats

1980 • 22 citations

Augmented T lymphocyte responses and abnormal B lymphocyte numbers in goats chronically infected with the retrovirus causing caprine arthritis-encephalitis.

1983 • 22 citations

Molecular weight of RNA subunits of Rous sarcoma virus determined by electron microscopy

1975 • 21 citations

[Lentivirus infections in goats with carpitis and interstitial mastitis].

1983 • 21 citations

Lentivirus infection augments concurrent antigen‐induced arthritis

1987 • 21 citations

Properties of feline leukemia virus. III. Analysis of the RNA

1975 • 21 citations

Visna Virus Meningoencephalomyelitis in Goats

1981 • 20 citations

Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus Infection of Caprine Monocytes

1982 • 20 citations

Visna-Maedi-Like Disease Associated with an Ovine Retrovirus Infection in a Corriedale Sheep

1980 • 20 citations

Caprine arthritis-encephalitis syndrome (CAE): A review

1984 • 19 citations

Experimental visna in foetal Icelandic sheep

1978 • 19 citations

Purification and characterization of equine infectious anemia virus

1976 • 19 citations

Identification of Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Retrovirus Proteins in Immunodiffusion Precipitin Lines

1985 • 18 citations

Structural proteins of equine infectious anemia virus

1978 • 18 citations

Goat visna virus: Isolation of a retrovirus related to visna virus of sheep

1981 • 18 citations

Responses in horses infected with equine infectious anemia virus adapted to tissue culture.

1979 • 18 citations

Hemagglutination by equine infectious anemia virus

1976 • 17 citations

RNA subunit structure of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus

1975 • 16 citations

Isolation of a syncytium-forming virus from a goat with polyarthritis

1983 • 16 citations

Physicochemical studies of equine infectious anemia virus

1969 • 16 citations

The Structural Polypeptides of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus

1978 • 16 citations

Monocyte activation in horses persistently infected with equine infectious anemia virus

1975 • 15 citations

Experimental Studies in Equine Infectious Anemia

2015 • 15 citations

Study of the One-Step Growth Curve of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus by Immunofluorescence

1972 • 15 citations

A physical map of the linear unintegrated DNA of visna virus

1981 • 14 citations

Standardization of the equine infectious anemia immunodiffusion test and its application to the control of the disease in the United States.

1984 • 14 citations

KINETICS OF IRON METABOLISM IN EQUINE INFECTIOUS ANEMIA

1961 • 12 citations

A physical map of caprine arthritis-encephalitis provirus

1984 • 12 citations

A Survey of Neutralizing Antibodies Against Maedi Virus in Sera from Flocks of Sheep Affected with Maedi and from Healthy Flocks

1966 • 11 citations

Lentiviruses are naturally resident in a latent form in long-term ovine fibroblast cultures

1984 • 11 citations

Visna virus synthesized in absence of host-cell division and DNA synthesis.

1980 • 10 citations

Persistent infection by equine infectious anemia virus: Asymmetry of nucleotide sequence reiteration in the integrated provirus of persistently infected cells

1982 • 9 citations

Electron microscopic observations of equine infectious anemia (EIA) virus in cultivated horse leukocytes

1969 • 7 citations

Characterization of visna virus mRNA

1979 • 7 citations

LIFE SPAN OF <SUP>5</SUP>1Cr-LABELED ERYTHROCYTES IN EQUINE INFECTIOUS ANEMIA

1961 • 6 citations

Specificity of response to viral proteins in horses infected with equine infectious anemia virus

1979 • 6 citations

Orientation of Structural Polypeptides of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus

1980 • 6 citations

Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus isolated from Michigan goats.

1984 • 4 citations

HISTO-PATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, IN EQUINE INFECTIOUS ANEMIA. : II. SUMMARIZED DESCRIPTION OF THE PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE TOTAL CASES STUDIED.

1953 • 3 citations