Induction of HIV-1 replication by type 1-like cytokines, interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-15: effect on viral transcriptional activation, cellular proliferation, and endogenous cytokine production.

Tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 stimulate the human immunodeficiency virus enhancer by activation of the nuclear factor kappa B.

1989 • 1,660 citations

Cloning of a T Cell Growth Factor that Interacts with the β Chain of the Interleukin-2 Receptor

1994 • 1,423 citations

Host factors and the pathogenesis of HIV-induced disease

1996 • 857 citations

Interleukin 6 induces human immunodeficiency virus expression in infected monocytic cells alone and in synergy with tumor necrosis factor alpha by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms.

1990 • 529 citations

HIV infection induces changes in CD4+ T-cell phenotype and depletions within the CD4+ T-cell repertoire that are not immediately restored by antiviral or immune-based therapies

1997 • 527 citations

Increases in CD4 T Lymphocytes with Intermittent Courses of Interleukin-2 in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection — A Preliminary Study

1995 • 430 citations

Interleukin-2 enhances the depressed natural killer and cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic activities of lymphocytes from patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

1983 • 414 citations

Controlled Trial of Interleukin-2 Infusions in Patients Infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus

1996 • 406 citations

Restoration of HIV-Specific Cell-Mediated Immune Responses by Interleukin-12 in Vitro

1993 • 397 citations

T helper type 1/T helper type 2 cytokines and T cell death: preventive effect of interleukin 12 on activation-induced and CD95 (FAS/APO-1)-mediated apoptosis of CD4+ T cells from human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons.

1995 • 283 citations

Type 1/type 2 cytokine modulation of T-cell programmed cell death as a model for human immunodeficiency virus pathogenesis.

1994 • 206 citations

Natural killer (NK) cell stimulatory factor increases the cytotoxic activity of NK cells from both healthy donors and human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.

1992 • 198 citations

Interleukin 1 induces expression of the human immunodeficiency virus alone and in synergy with interleukin 6 in chronically infected U1 cells: inhibition of inductive effects by the interleukin 1 receptor antagonist.

1994 • 188 citations

Rational interleukin 2 therapy for HIV positive individuals: daily low doses enhance immune function without toxicity.

1996 • 168 citations

Subcutaneous Administration of Interleukin‐2 in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1—Infected Persons

1997 • 164 citations

Interferon gamma induces the expression of human immunodeficiency virus in persistently infected promonocytic cells (U1) and redirects the production of virions to intracytoplasmic vacuoles in phorbol myristate acetate-differentiated U1 cells.

1992 • 148 citations

Mechanisms for the Inhibition of HIV Replication by Interferons-α, -β, and -γ, in Primary Human Macrophages

1993 • 148 citations

Effect of Cytokines on HIV Replication in CD4+ Lymphocytes: Lack of Identity with the CD8+ Cell Antiviral Factor

1994 • 143 citations

Effects of TH1 and TH2 cytokines on CD8+ cell response against human immunodeficiency virus: implications for long-term survival.

1995 • 139 citations

IL-15 enhances immune functions during HIV infection.

1997 • 129 citations

Cytokine interactions in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals: roles of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12, and IL-15.

1995 • 113 citations

Production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) in patients with AIDS. Enhanced level of TNF-alpha is related to a higher cytotoxic activity.

1989 • 112 citations

Synergistic effects of IL-7 and IL-12 on human T cell activation.

1995 • 110 citations

In Vitro Restoration of T Cell Immune Function in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Persons: Effects of Interleukin (IL)-12 and Anti-IL-IO

1996 • 88 citations

Interleukin 2 induces CD8+ T cell-mediated suppression of human immunodeficiency virus replication in CD4+ T cells and this effect overrides its ability to stimulate virus expression.

1995 • 78 citations

IL-7 up-regulates HIV-1 replication in naturally infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

1996 • 76 citations

IL-10 cooperates with TNF-alpha to activate HIV-1 from latently and acutely infected cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage.

1996 • 75 citations

Safety and Effects of Interleukin-2 Plus Zidovudine in Asymptomatic Individuals Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

1991 • 71 citations

Effects of the Th1 and Th2 stimulatory cytokines interleukin-12 and interleukin-4 on human immunodeficiency virus replication

1995 • 65 citations

Restriction of HIV Replication in Infected T Cells and Monocytes by Interferon-α

1990 • 61 citations

Efficacy of Low Doses of the Polyethylene Glycol Derivative of Interleukin-2 in Modulating the Immune Response of Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection

1993 • 57 citations

IL-12 Inhibits Apoptosis Induced in a Human Th1 Clone by gp120/CD4 Cross-Linking and CD3/TCR Activation or by IL-2 Deprivation

1995 • 57 citations

Use of interleukin-2 in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

1984 • 49 citations

Increased mRNA Expression of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-??, and Perforin in Blood Mononuclear Cells in Human HIV Infection

1995 • 49 citations

Spontaneous Production of Interleukin-6 by Alveolar Macrophages from Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Patients

1992 • 48 citations

Activation of antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation by interleukin-15 without the mitogenic effect of interleukin-2 that may induce human immunodeficiency virus-1 expression.

1996 • 43 citations

Therapy of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome with Recombinant Interleukin-2

1987 • 40 citations

Effect of interleukin-1 on the augmentation of human immunodeficiency virus gene expression

1989 • 34 citations

Differential effects of interleukin-12, interleukin-15, and interleukin-2 on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in vitro

1996 • 28 citations

In vitro immunologic and virologic effects of interleukin 15 on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal donors and human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients

1997 • 27 citations

Interleukin-12 Decreases Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication in Human Macrophage Cultures Reconstituted with Autologous Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

1996 • 26 citations

In Vitro Effect of Interleukin-12 on Antigen-Specific Lymphocyte Proliferative Responses from Persons Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

1996 • 26 citations

Interleukin-12 Administered In Vivo Decreases Human NK Cell Cytotoxicity and Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity to Human Immunodeficiency Virus--Infected Cells

1996 • 25 citations

Nobel panel rewards prion theory after years of heated debate

1997 • 15 citations

Immunological effects of antiretroviral and immune therapies for HIV.

1997 • 14 citations