Shadow Economies Around the World

Regression Models for Categorical and Limited Dependent Variables.

1997 • 7,202 citations

Econometric policy evaluation: A critique

1976 • 5,457 citations

A Theory of Psychological Reactance

1968 • 5,014 citations

Shadow Economies: Size, Causes, and Consequences

2000 • 2,961 citations

Dodging the grabbing hand: the determinants of unofficial activity in 69 countries

2000 • 1,378 citations

The informal economy

1979 • 1,033 citations

Identifying the Effect of Unemployment on Crime

2001 • 1,023 citations

Tax Evasion and Tax Rates: An Analysis of Individual Returns

1983 • 1,012 citations

The economics of the informal sector: a simple model and some empirical evidence from Latin America

1996 • 929 citations

The Informal Sector in Developed and Less Developed Countries: A Literature Survey

2004 • 788 citations

Philosophie des Geldes.

1987 • 607 citations

Uses and Abuses of Estimates of the Underground Economy

1999 • 548 citations

The Subterranean Economy

1977 • 490 citations

The Underground Economy in the United States: Annual Estimates, 1930-80 (L'economie clandestine aux Etats-Unis: estimations annuelles, 1930-80) (La "economia subterranea" de Estados Unidos: Estimaciones anuales, 1930-80)

1983 • 489 citations

The hidden economy as an ‘unobserved’ variable

1984 • 487 citations

The Demand for Currency Relative to the Total Money Supply

1958 • 478 citations

Measuring the Hidden Economy: Implications for Econometric Modelling

1999 • 340 citations

The underground economy in the United States: estimates and implications

1980 • 331 citations

Quantifying the Black Economy: ‘measurement Without Theory’ Yet Again?

1999 • 309 citations

Integrating the unofficial economy into the dynamics of post-socialist economies: a framework of analysis and evidence

1996 • 268 citations

Zeitschrift für die gesamte Staatswissenschaft

1981 • 268 citations

Hidden Economy – an Unknown Quantity? Comparative Analysis of Hidden Economies in Transition Countries, 1989–95

2000 • 267 citations

Sexual orientation discrimination in hiring

2003 • 261 citations

The Underground Economies: Tax Evasion and Information Distortion.

1989 • 260 citations

Everyday representations of tax avoidance, tax evasion, and tax flight: Do legal differences matter?

2003 • 224 citations

The Underground economy: global evidence of its size and impact

1997 • 203 citations

The shadow economies of Western Europe

1997 • 200 citations

Estimating the Size of the Danish Shadow Economy using the Currency Demand Approach: An Attempt

1986 • 199 citations

On the Economic Rationale of Estimating the Hidden Economy

1999 • 193 citations

ESTIMATING THE SHADOW ECONOMY: A ‘NAIVE’ APPROACH *

1983 • 191 citations

THE SIZE AND GROWTH OF THE HIDDEN ECONOMY IN NORWAY

1985 • 187 citations

Blessing or curse? Foreign and underground demand for euro notes

1998 • 186 citations

The Underground Economy And The Currency Enigma

1994 • 185 citations

Measuring the Size and Development of the Shadow Economy. Can the Causes be Found and the Obstacles be Overcome?

1994 • 184 citations

Outsourcing and skill-specific employment in a small economy: Austria after the fall of the Iron Curtain

2003 • 171 citations

Foreign outward direct investment and exports in Austrian manufacturing: Substitutes or complements?

1996 • 168 citations

Tax Evasion and the Demand for Currency in Norway and Sweden. Is There a Hidden Relationship?

1984 • 149 citations

The Changing Distribution of Income: Evidence and Explanations

2000 • 149 citations

Industrial Specialisation and Geographic Concentration: Two Sides of the Same Coin? Not for the European Union

2004 • 146 citations

IMMIGRATION AND THE EARNINGS OF YOUNG NATIVE WORKERS

1996 • 143 citations

Tax evasion, consumption of public goods and fairness

1995 • 141 citations

Can the Shadow Economy Be Reduced through Major Tax Reforms? An Empirical Investigation for Austria

1994 • 139 citations

Black Market Work in the European Community: Peripheral Work for Peripheral Localities?

1995 • 138 citations

An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Government Tax and Auditing Policies on the Size of the Underground Economy:

1997 • 136 citations

Overseas Holdings of U.S. Currency and the Underground Economy

1996 • 131 citations

Beating the System: The Underground Economy

1982 • 127 citations

Estimating the second economy in Tanzania

1995 • 121 citations

How big is the shadow economy?

1988 • 121 citations

Exploring the Underground Economy

1996 • 117 citations

Potential Unemployment Benefit Duration and Spell Length: Lessons from a Quasi‐Experiment in Austria

1998 • 116 citations

A Re-examination of the

2001 • 111 citations

SIZE OF THE PUBLIC SECTOR, ECONOMIC GROWTH AND THE INFORMAL ECONOMY: DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY*

1982 • 111 citations

Family and non-family succession in the Upper-Austrian farm sector

2000 • 111 citations

A specific-factors view on outsourcing

2001 • 110 citations

A Re-Examination of the "Underground Economy" in the United States: A Comment on Tanzi

1986 • 108 citations

Schattenwirtschaft: eine Möglichkeit zur Einschränkung der öffentlichen Verwaltung?

1984 • 105 citations

The Underground Economies

1989 • 101 citations

A note on measuring the unofficial economy in the former Soviet Republics¹

2003 • 100 citations

The Increase of the Size of the Shadow Economy of 18 OECD Countries: Some Preliminary Explanations

2000 • 98 citations

The Currency Ratio and the Subterranean Economy

1978 • 94 citations

Evidence of a Post-GST Increase in the Underground Economy

1993 • 91 citations

Informal and underground economy

2000 • 88 citations

Retirement of spouses and social security reform

1996 • 86 citations

Has the shadow economy grown in Germany? An exploratory study

1982 • 82 citations

Market Motives in the Informal Economy

1985 • 82 citations

Anatomy of Government Deficiencies

1983 • 79 citations

Assessing the underground economy in the United Kingdom

1989 • 79 citations

Bureaucracy and the Shadow Economy: A Macro-Approach

1983 • 79 citations

The Volume of Payments and the Informal Economy in the Netherlands 1965–1982

1985 • 78 citations

Manpower Training Programmes and Employment Stability

1996 • 75 citations

The Underground Economy in the United States: Reply to Comments by Feige, Thomas, and Zilberfarb

1986 • 71 citations

Firm Size, Earnings, and Displacement Risk

2001 • 70 citations

THE GROWTH OF THE PUBLIC SECTOR

1993 • 65 citations

Smoking, discount rates, and returns to education

2003 • 64 citations

Technological competition and trade performance

1997 • 58 citations

ENDOGENOUS GROWTH, HUMAN CAPITAL, AND INDUSTRY WAGES

1994 • 56 citations

The Impact of Income Inequality on Product Diversity and Economic Growth

1997 • 52 citations

On the Macroeconomics of Uncertainty and Incomplete Markets

2001 • 50 citations

The Wage Expectations of European College Students

2001 • 49 citations

Illegal activities, but still values added ones (?): size, causes, and measurement of the shadow economies all over the world

2000 • 44 citations

TRAGIC CHOICES AND COLLECTIVE DECISION-MAKING: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF VOTER PREFERENCES FOR ALTERNATIVE COLLECTIVE DECISION-MAKING MECHANISMS*

1997 • 44 citations

Benefit Duration and Unemployment Entry: Quasi-experimental Evidence for Austria

1996 • 43 citations

Labour Market Adjustment.

1977 • 43 citations

Measuring the severity of unemployment

1998 • 42 citations

Sex discrimination and competition in product and labour markets

1995 • 38 citations

Gender and Promotion in the Academic Labour Market

1998 • 37 citations

What are the sources of happiness

2000 • 34 citations

Trade, Multinational Sales, and FDI in a Three-factor Model

2005 • 31 citations

Untitled

2002 • 30 citations

Long-term consequences of an innovative redundancy - retraining project : the Austrian Steel Foundation

2001 • 29 citations

International Fragmentation: A Policy Perspective

2000 • 28 citations

Die Entwicklung der Sozialpolitik in repräsentativen und in direkten Demokratien: Königsweg oder Sackgasse? Einige Bemerkungen aus der "Public Choice"-Perspektive.* )

1999 • 28 citations

Heterogeneous Consumers, Vertical Product Differentiation and the Rate of Innovation

1996 • 28 citations

Individual behaviour in the cash/shadow economy in Australia: Facts, empirical findings and some mysteries

2001 • 27 citations

Potential switchovers in comparative advantage: Patterns of industrial convergence

2000 • 27 citations

Die Osterweiterung der EU aus der Sicht bestehender Mitgliedsländer: Was lehrt uns die Theorie der ökonomischen Integration?

2000 • 27 citations

Industrial specialisation, trade, and labour market dynamics in a multisectoral model of technological progress

2001 • 26 citations

An incumbent country view on eastern enlargement of the EU Part II: The Austrian case

2000 • 26 citations

Untitled

2001 • 25 citations

CHAOSTHEORIE UND VERKEHRSWISSENSCHAFT

1992 • 25 citations

Weakening the SALANT-condition for the comparison of mean durations

2000 • 25 citations

On the Politicization of Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in Germany after Unification

2001 • 24 citations

Privatisierung und Deregulierung in Österreich in den 90er Jahren: Einige Anmerkungen aus Sicht der Neuen Politischen Ökonomie * )

2001 • 23 citations

Decision Bounds for Data-Admissible Seasonal Models

1997 • 22 citations

Market Structure and Pricing Behaviour in Austrian Manufacturing

1994 • 18 citations

International Comparison of the Black Economy: Empirical Evidence Using Micro-level Data

1998 • 16 citations

Product Quality, Cost Asymmetry and the Welfare Loss of Oligopoly

1999 • 14 citations

Private public partnership: Gemeinschaftsunternehmen zwischen Privaten und der öffentlichen Hand

1996 • 14 citations

Internationale Migration: Anmerkungen aus der Sicht der Aussenwirtschaftstheorie

2000 • 10 citations

Lehrlingsausbildung in Österreich: Welche Betriebe bilden Lehrlinge aus?

2001 • 10 citations