On the physical health benefits of self-enhancement.

Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.

1966 • 21,432 citations

Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health.

1988 • 7,315 citations

The structure of coping.

1978 • 6,799 citations

Does High Self-Esteem Cause Better Performance, Interpersonal Success, Happiness, or Healthier Lifestyles?

2003 • 3,641 citations

Health complaints, stress, and distress: Exploring the central role of negative affectivity.

1989 • 2,951 citations

Relation of threatened egotism to violence and aggression: The dark side of high self-esteem.

1996 • 2,145 citations

Job decision latitude, job demands, and cardiovascular disease: a prospective study of Swedish men.

1981 • 1,570 citations

The effects of choice and enhanced personal responsibility for the aged: A field experiment in an institutional setting.

1976 • 1,257 citations

The future of optimism.

2000 • 1,125 citations

The relative efficacy of avoidant and nonavoidant coping strategies: A meta-analysis.

1985 • 1,019 citations

Why Zebras Don't Get Ulcers

1994 • 979 citations

Longevity increased by positive self-perceptions of aging.

2002 • 969 citations

Dispositional optimism and recovery from coronary artery bypass surgery: The beneficial effects on physical and psychological well-being.

1989 • 938 citations

Dispositional Optimism and Coping: A Meta-Analytic Review

2006 • 897 citations

Coping: The Psychology of What Works

1999 • 863 citations

Persistent High Cortisol Responses to Repeated Psychological Stress in a Subpopulation of Healthy Men

1995 • 655 citations

Psychological adaptation and birth outcomes: The role of personal resources, stress, and sociocultural context in pregnancy.

1999 • 619 citations

Long-term effects of a control-relevant intervention with the institutionalized aged.

1977 • 602 citations

Optimism is associated with mood, coping, and immune change in response to stress.

1998 • 501 citations

Pessimistic explanatory style is a risk factor for physical illness: A thirty-five-year longitudinal study.

1988 • 482 citations

Optimism and Rehospitalization After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

1999 • 392 citations

Are self-enhancing cognitions associated with healthy or unhealthy biological profiles?

2003 • 302 citations

Effects of optimism, pessimism, and trait anxiety on ambulatory blood pressure and mood during everyday life.

1999 • 289 citations

Socioeconomic Status and Stress-Related Biological Responses Over the Working Day

2003 • 256 citations

Explanatory Style and Illness

1987 • 252 citations

Pessimism, age, and cancer mortality.

1996 • 235 citations

The impact of prenatal maternal stress and optimistic disposition on birth outcomes in medically high-risk women.

2000 • 225 citations

The relative importance of dispositional optimism and control appraisals in quality of life after coronary artery bypass surgery

1993 • 225 citations

Dispositional Optimism Predicts Survival Status 1 Year After Diagnosis in Head and Neck Cancer Patients

2003 • 214 citations

Psychosocial Factors in Outcomes of Heart Surgery: The Impact of Religious Involvement and Depressive Symptoms.

2004 • 205 citations

Low self-esteem, induced failure and the adrenocortical stress response

1999 • 203 citations

Realistic acceptance as a predictor of decreased survival time in gay men with AIDS.

1994 • 202 citations

Psychosocial risk factors and mortality: a prospective study with special focus on social support, social participation, and locus of control in Norway

1998 • 194 citations

Survival in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

1994 • 189 citations

Positive expectations predict health after heart transplantation.

1995 • 179 citations

Optimists vs Pessimists: Survival Rate Among Medical Patients Over a 30-Year Period

2000 • 159 citations

Modulation of human natural killer cell activity by exposure to uncontrollable stress*1

1992 • 158 citations

Engagement and Arousal: Optimism’s Effects During a Brief Stressor

2004 • 155 citations

The influence of perceived control and locus of control on the cortisol and subjective responses to stress

2004 • 146 citations

The Relationship Between Self-Esteem Level, Self-Esteem Stability, and Cardiovascular Reactions to Performance Feedback.

2004 • 140 citations

Psychogenic factors in predicting survival of breast cancer patients.

1987 • 131 citations

Differential Immune System Changes with Acute and Persistent Stress for Optimists vs Pessimists

1999 • 130 citations

Stressful Events, Pessimism, Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity, and Cytotoxic/Suppressor T Cells in HIV+ Black Women at Risk for Cervical Cancer

1998 • 118 citations

Catastrophizing and Untimely Death

1998 • 117 citations

Negative HIV-specific expectancies and AIDS-related bereavement as predictors of symptom onset in asymptomatic HIV-positive gay men.

1999 • 113 citations

Explanatory style and cell-mediated immunity in elderly men and women.

1991 • 113 citations

Self-esteem and neuroendocrine response to challenge: MacArthur studies of successful aging

1995 • 105 citations

Optimism, goal conflict, and stressor-related immune change.

2001 • 96 citations

The roles of dispositional optimism and pessimism in hiv disease progression

2004 • 92 citations

Psychological adjustment variables as predictors of mortality among nursing home residents.

1998 • 83 citations

Self-Efficacy as a Moderator of Perceived Control Effects on Cardiovascular Reactivity

1995 • 82 citations

Causal attributions predict rate of immune decline in HIV-seropositive gay men.

1996 • 79 citations

Optimism and survival in lung carcinoma patients

2004 • 75 citations

How does optimism suppress immunity? Evaluation of three affective pathways.

2006 • 72 citations

Optimistic explanatory style and dispositional optimism in HIV-infected men

2001 • 71 citations

Experimental Stress and Immunological Reactivity

1998 • 66 citations

High self-esteem, hardiness and affective stability are associated with higher basal pituitary-adrenal hormone levels

1995 • 64 citations

Psychosocial status at initiation of cancer treatment and survival

1990 • 63 citations

Are pretransplant psychological variables related to survival after bone marrow transplantation? a prospective study of 123 consecutive patients

1998 • 63 citations

Cognitive adaptation, psychological adjustment, and disease progression among angioplasty patents: 4 years later.

2003 • 55 citations

Optimism effects on cellular immunity: testing the affective and persistence models

2003 • 54 citations

Illness Representations According to Age and Effects on Health Behaviors Following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

2001 • 45 citations

Effects of Environmental Predictability and Personal Mastery on Self-Regulatory and Physiological Processes

2001 • 36 citations

Psychological factors correlate meaningfully with percent-monocytes among acute coronary syndrome patients

2003 • 31 citations

Stable Pessimistic Attributions Interact with Socioeconomic Status to Influence Blood Pressure and Vulnerability to Hypertension

2000 • 21 citations