Optimism, goal conflict, and stressor-related immune change.

The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations.

1986 • 68,448 citations

Multiple regression: testing and interpreting interactions

1992 • 37,036 citations

Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.

1988 • 30,173 citations

Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health.

1988 • 7,315 citations

Social Relationships and Health

1988 • 6,866 citations

Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test.

1994 • 5,373 citations

Optimism, coping, and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies.

1985 • 4,992 citations

Negative affectivity: The disposition to experience aversive emotional states.

1984 • 4,455 citations

Toward a consensual structure of mood.

1985 • 4,159 citations

Essentials of Behavioral Research: Methods and Data Analysis

1984 • 3,949 citations

On the Self-Regulation of Behavior

2000 • 3,403 citations

Health complaints, stress, and distress: Exploring the central role of negative affectivity.

1989 • 2,951 citations

Profile of mood states

1992 • 2,611 citations

The relationship between social support and physiological processes: A review with emphasis on underlying mechanisms and implications for health.

1996 • 2,574 citations

Effects of optimism on psychological and physical well-being: Theoretical overview and empirical update

1992 • 2,174 citations

Dispositional Optimism and Physical Well‐Being: The Influence of Generalized Outcome Expectancies on Health

1987 • 1,233 citations

Stress and immunity in humans: a meta-analytic review.

1993 • 1,096 citations

Social ties and health: The benefits of social integration

1996 • 1,095 citations

The relative efficacy of avoidant and nonavoidant coping strategies: A meta-analysis.

1985 • 1,019 citations

Depression and immunity: A meta-analytic review.

1993 • 796 citations

Distinguishing optimism from pessimism: Relations to fundamental dimensions of mood and personality.

1992 • 556 citations

Conflict among personal strivings: Immediate and long-term implications for psychological and physical well-being.

1988 • 535 citations

Coping with a breast cancer diagnosis: A prospective study.

1993 • 517 citations

Measurement of Delayed Skin-Test Responses

1975 • 516 citations

Optimism is associated with mood, coping, and immune change in response to stress.

1998 • 501 citations

Optimism, neuroticism, coping, and symptom reports: An alternative interpretation of the Life Orientation Test.

1989 • 328 citations

Social Influence and Exercise: A Meta-Analysis

1996 • 302 citations

Effects of optimism, pessimism, and trait anxiety on ambulatory blood pressure and mood during everyday life.

1999 • 289 citations

Methodological issues in behavioral immunology research with humans

1988 • 282 citations

A longitudinal model of social contact, social support, depression, and alcohol use.

2000 • 247 citations

Stress depresses interferon production by leukocytes concomitant with a decrease in natural killer cell activity.

1986 • 241 citations

Social relationships, personality, and anxiety during a major stressful event.

1991 • 228 citations

Coping and Cognitive factors in adaptation toin vitro fertilization failure

1992 • 225 citations

Stress and Immune Function in Humans

1991 • 224 citations

Realistic acceptance as a predictor of decreased survival time in gay men with AIDS.

1994 • 202 citations

Evidence that secretory IgA antibody is associated with daily mood.

1987 • 200 citations

The effectiveness of attention and rejection as coping styles: A meta-analysis of temporal differences

1982 • 192 citations

Daily events are associated with a secretory immune response to an oral antigen in men.

1994 • 168 citations

Modulation of human natural killer cell activity by exposure to uncontrollable stress*1

1992 • 158 citations

Differential Immune System Changes with Acute and Persistent Stress for Optimists vs Pessimists

1999 • 130 citations

Reliability of Tuberculin Skin Test Measurement

1997 • 119 citations

Perceived stress in medical, law, and graduate students

1984 • 119 citations

Stressful Events, Pessimism, Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity, and Cytotoxic/Suppressor T Cells in HIV+ Black Women at Risk for Cervical Cancer

1998 • 118 citations

Personality and the immune system: Models, methods, and mechanisms

2000 • 117 citations

Effects of Good Versus Bad Mood and Optimistic Versus Pessimistic Outlook on Social Acceptance Versus Rejection

1994 • 110 citations

Gender differences in relationships and stress of medical and law students

1986 • 104 citations

Self-reports of depression and state-trait anxiety: Evidence for differential assessment.

1992 • 103 citations

Optimism is associated with mood, coping and immune change in response to stress.

1998 • 101 citations

Moderator Variables in Personality Research: The Problem of Controlling for Plausible Alternatives

1992 • 89 citations

The Stigma of Being Pessimistically Biased

2002 • 84 citations

Measurement of Affective Response

1995 • 61 citations

Reduced Cytokine Levels and T-Cell Function in Healthy Males: Relation to Individual Differences in Subclinical Anxiety

1994 • 51 citations

Rapid Changes in Cellular Immunity Following a Confrontational Role-Play Stressor

1995 • 42 citations

The Influence of Stress Intrusion on Immunodepression in Generalized Anxiety Disorder Patients and Controls

1996 • 40 citations