Ecology and learning
Data up to Jan 2025
Total Citations Per Year
Abstract
References (265)
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
1963 • 36,823 citations
The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception
1980 • 22,799 citations
The Ecology of Human Development
1979 • 18,253 citations
The Theory of Island Biogeography
2001 • 12,988 citations
The Sciences of the Artificial
1969 • 11,821 citations
The Theory of Island Biogeography
1968 • 11,511 citations
The ecology of human development : experiments by nature and design
1979 • 11,489 citations
Animal Species and Evolution
1963 • 9,988 citations
Toward an experimental ecology of human development.
1977 • 8,460 citations
The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme
1979 • 7,466 citations
On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or, The preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life /
1859 • 7,255 citations
The Image of the City
1960 • 6,406 citations
The Great Transformation
1944 • 6,330 citations
Ecology, Sexual Selection, and the Evolution of Mating Systems
1977 • 6,145 citations
THE STRUCTURE OF SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTIONS
1963 • 5,962 citations
The Senses Considered as Perceptual Systems
1969 • 5,943 citations
Concluding Remarks
1957 • 5,079 citations
On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or, The preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life
1859 • 4,595 citations
Classical conditioning II: Current research and theory.
1972 • 4,453 citations
On Optimal Use of a Patchy Environment
1966 • 4,287 citations
On aims and methods of Ethology
1963 • 4,190 citations
Falsification and the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes
1970 • 4,116 citations
Adaptation and Natural Selection
2008 • 4,032 citations
Ontogeny and Phylogeny
1977 • 3,887 citations
Optimal Foraging: A Selective Review of Theory and Tests
1977 • 3,200 citations
Imre Lakatos and Musgrave Alan (eds.). Criticism and the growth of knowledge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970. 282 pp. np.
1972 • 3,075 citations
The Psychology of Learning and Motivation
2012 • 3,073 citations
The Senses Considered as Perceptual Systems
1967 • 3,065 citations
The Study of Instinct
1952 • 2,758 citations
ON THE LAW OF EFFECT1
1970 • 2,570 citations
Cognition and reality
1976 • 2,562 citations
Handbook of Experimental Psychology
1952 • 2,411 citations
Handbook of operant behavior
1978 • 2,259 citations
Ontogeny and Phylogeny.
1978 • 2,095 citations
Perceiving, Acting and Knowing
2017 • 2,049 citations
Punishment and aversive behavior
1969 • 1,994 citations
Relation of cue to consequence in avoidance learning
1966 • 1,963 citations
Psychology
1962 • 1,950 citations
Perceiving, Acting, and Knowing: Toward an Ecological Psychology
1978 • 1,828 citations
Are theories of learning necessary?
1950 • 1,780 citations
On the generality of the laws of learning.
1970 • 1,732 citations
Learning and Instinct in Animals
1964 • 1,624 citations
Species-specific defense reactions and avoidance learning.
1970 • 1,591 citations
On the Evolution of Mating Systems in Birds and Mammals
1969 • 1,528 citations
AUTO‐SHAPING OF THE PIGEON'S KEY‐PECK1
1968 • 1,527 citations
Pavlovian conditioning and its proper control procedures.
1967 • 1,363 citations
Animal behavior. An evolutionary approach
1978 • 1,175 citations
The misbehavior of organisms.
1961 • 1,174 citations
Specific hungers and poison avoidance as adaptive specializations of learning.
1971 • 1,163 citations
The Economy of Nature and the Evolution of Sex.
1974 • 1,153 citations
The Conceptual Framework of Psychology
1954 • 1,073 citations
An Introduction to Population Ecology.
1980 • 1,068 citations
The "supersitition" experiment: A reexamination of its implications for the principles of adaptive behavior.
1971 • 1,066 citations
Evolution and Modification of Behavior
1965 • 1,065 citations
Perspectives in Ethology
1973 • 1,059 citations
The Vertebrate Eye and Its Adaptive Radiation
1943 • 1,032 citations
A Critique of Konrad Lorenz's Theory of Instinctive Behavior
1953 • 1,030 citations
Handbook of operant behavior
1977 • 965 citations
Mechanisms of Animal Discrimination Learning
1972 • 952 citations
A comparative approach to vocal learning: Song development in white-crowned sparrows.
1970 • 927 citations
Neural mechanisms of learning and memory
1977 • 864 citations
The nature of intelligence
1976 • 818 citations
Adaptation
1978 • 802 citations
Population Biology and Evolution
1968 • 801 citations
The Ethology of Predation
1976 • 797 citations
Aversive Conditioning and Learning
1971 • 764 citations
Olfaction and taste
1963 • 757 citations
Learning with prolonged delay of reinforcement
1966 • 744 citations
Foraging behavior: ecological, ethological, and psychological approaches
1980 • 742 citations
Miami Symposium on the prediction of behavior, 1967 : aversive stimulation
1968 • 716 citations
Niche, Habitat, and Ecotope
1973 • 710 citations
Learning Mechanisms in Food Selection
1978 • 700 citations
The Economy of Nature and the Evolution of Sex
1976 • 699 citations
Darwin and Facial Expression
1973 • 698 citations
The Psychology of Learning and Motivation (Vol. 17)
1985 • 688 citations
THE CORRELATION‐BASED LAW OF EFFECT1
1973 • 667 citations
Biological boundaries of learning
1972 • 664 citations
ADAPTATION AND THE FORM-FUNCTION COMPLEX
1965 • 643 citations
An Introduction to Population Ecology
1979 • 636 citations
Cognitive Psychology and Information Processing: An Introduction
1979 • 631 citations
The Ethology of Predation
1976 • 630 citations
The evolution of behavior
1975 • 625 citations
Animal Orientation and Navigation
1972 • 610 citations
Memory Organization and Structure
1981 • 602 citations
The Ecological Theater and the Evolutionary Play.
1967 • 594 citations
Intelligence in ape and man
1976 • 593 citations
Ecology an Evolutionary Approach
1973 • 583 citations
Constraints on learning
1973 • 572 citations
Fundamentals of Ecology
1959 • 568 citations
Limits to Action: The Allocation of Individual Behavior
1982 • 559 citations
Perspectives on Memory Research
1980 • 558 citations
The Vertebrate Eye and Its Adaptive Radiation.
1943 • 553 citations
Optimal prey selection in the great tit (Parus major)
1977 • 544 citations
The Phylogeny and Ontogeny of Behavior
1966 • 544 citations
Beliefs about beliefs [P&W, SR&B]
1978 • 529 citations
The determiners of behavior at a choice point.
1938 • 528 citations
The stage question in cognitive-developmental theory
1978 • 496 citations
The Comparative Analysis of Learning
1975 • 490 citations
Ontogeny of Bird Song
1970 • 482 citations
Induction and Intuition in Scientific Thought
2013 • 482 citations
Neural mechanisms of learning and memory
1992 • 473 citations
The Conceptual Framework of Psychology [1952]
2001 • 468 citations
Learned Associations Over Long Delays
1970 • 464 citations
Learning mechanisms in food selection
1977 • 451 citations
Ecological factors in human development
1977 • 447 citations
The Selection of Foods by Rats, Humans, and Other Animals
1976 • 442 citations
Sociobiology as an adaptationist program
1979 • 430 citations
Food Aversion Learning
1977 • 424 citations
L'instinct dans le comportement des animaux et de l'homme
1956 • 413 citations
Philosophy and Scientific Realism.
1965 • 406 citations
Ecological Significance of Imprinting and Early Learning
1975 • 404 citations
The Concept of the Reflex in the Description of Behavior
1931 • 396 citations
Developmental neurobiology
1971 • 396 citations
RESPONSE STRENGTH IN MULTIPLE SCHEDULES1
1974 • 391 citations
Constraints on Learning
1972 • 385 citations
Behind the Mirror: A Search for a Natural History of Human Knowledge.
1977 • 378 citations
Adaptation and evolutionary theory
1978 • 371 citations
There is more than one kind of learning.
1949 • 360 citations
Constraints on Learning: Limitations and Predispositions
1974 • 357 citations
Development of species identification in birds
1971 • 355 citations
The First Century of Experimental Psychology
1980 • 348 citations
The Concept of Integrative Levels and Biology
1945 • 339 citations
An Optimal Strategy of Evolution
1974 • 339 citations
Midwest and its children: The psychological ecology of an American town.
1954 • 329 citations
Challenges to a Science of Developmental Psychology
1977 • 324 citations
Perspectives in Memory Research
1988 • 322 citations
NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT AS SHOCK‐FREQUENCY REDUCTION1
1966 • 321 citations
Philosophy and Scientific Realism.
1964 • 319 citations
Foraging and reinforcement schedules in the pigeon: Optimal and non-optimal aspects of choice
1979 • 315 citations
Illness-Induced Aversions in Rat and Quail: Relative Salience of Visual and Gustatory Cues
1971 • 315 citations
Evolution, Brain, and Behavior: Persistent Problems
2019 • 314 citations
THE ROLE OF INTERFERENCE IN ASSOCIATION OVER A DELAY
1971 • 311 citations
Mind, mechanism, and adaptive behavior.
1937 • 310 citations
Twelve issues for cognitive science
1981 • 309 citations
Search Image Formation in the Blue Jay ( Cyanocitta cristata )
1979 • 306 citations
Unmasking visual masking: A look at the "why" behind the veil of the "how."
1980 • 303 citations
The Roles of Experience in the Development of Behavior and the Nervous System
1976 • 296 citations
Taste aversion and the generality of the laws of learning.
1979 • 295 citations
The application of statistical decision theory to animal behaviour
1980 • 292 citations
Principles of Animal Psychology
1936 • 288 citations
Comparison and adaptation
1979 • 287 citations
Systematic foraging by a nectar-feeding bird, the amakihi (Loxops virens).
1978 • 282 citations
Einstein: The Life and Times
1972 • 281 citations
The Definition and Recognition of Biological Adaptation
1980 • 278 citations
Army ants;: A study in social organization
1971 • 278 citations
Teleological and Teleonomic, a New Analysis
1974 • 277 citations
Conditioned taste aversions: A bibliography
1976 • 277 citations
Einstein: The Life and Times
1972 • 275 citations
On the Movements and Habits of Climbing Plants
2009 • 271 citations
Celestial Rotation: Its Importance in the Development of Migratory Orientation
1970 • 262 citations
Advances in the Study of Behavior, Vol. 1
1966 • 259 citations
Pavlovian Conditioning of Signal-Centered Action Patterns and Autonomic Behavior: A Biological Analysis of Function
1982 • 254 citations
CONTINGENCY SPACES AND MEASURES IN CLASSICAL AND INSTRUMENTAL CONDITIONING1
1974 • 253 citations
Neural and Behavioral Specificity
1976 • 252 citations
PREADAPTATION AND MULTIPLE EVOLUTIONARY PATHWAYS
1959 • 249 citations
Reflections on the fall of comparative psychology: Is there a message for us all?
1971 • 242 citations
Development and evolution of behavior : essays in memory of T.C. Schneirla
1970 • 242 citations
Optical Signals: Animal Communication and Light
1979 • 240 citations
The First Century of Experimental Psychology
2019 • 237 citations
The Behavioral Significance of Color
2018 • 236 citations
Cognitive Science: The Newest Science of the Artificial*
1980 • 236 citations
Egg Shell Removal By the Black-Headed Gull, Larus Ridibundus L.; a Behaviour Component of Camouflage
1962 • 235 citations
The Elementary Nervous System.
1919 • 232 citations
ON GOING BACK TO NATURE: A REVIEW OF SELIGMAN AND HAGER'S BIOLOGICAL BOUNDARIES OF LEARNING1
1974 • 229 citations
MIGRATION: ORIENTATION AND NAVIGATION
1975 • 229 citations
Reinforcement and the organization of behavior in golden hamsters: Hunger, environment, and food reinforcement.
1975 • 229 citations
Experimental Study of the Mental Processes of the Rat. II
1901 • 225 citations
Informational Variables in Pavlovian Conditioning
1972 • 215 citations
The role of secondary reinforcement in delayed reward learning.
1947 • 214 citations
Army Ants: A Study in Social Organization
1972 • 212 citations
Evolution of brain and behavior in vertebrates
1977 • 210 citations
EFFECTS OF ALTERNATIVE REINFORCEMENT: DOES THE SOURCE MATTER?1
1972 • 209 citations
The Evolution of Bitter and the Acquisition of Toxiphobia
1975 • 200 citations
Teleological and Teleonomic, a New Analysis
1974 • 198 citations
Twelve Issues for Cognitive Science
1980 • 198 citations
Species-Specific Defense Reactions
1971 • 196 citations
Learning, Change, and Evolution: An Enquiry into the Teleonomy of Learning
1979 • 195 citations
The reply of a physiologist to psychologists.
1932 • 191 citations
Migratory Orientation in the Indigo Bunting, Passerina cyanea: Part I: Evidence for Use of Celestial Cues
1967 • 190 citations
The meaning of ecologically oriented inquiry in contemporary psychology.
1979 • 188 citations
A reinforcement model of imprinting: Implications for socialization in monkeys and men.
1973 • 185 citations
Development of species identification in ducklings: VI. Specific embryonic experience required to maintain species-typical perception in Peking ducklings.
1980 • 184 citations
What is an Adaptive Trait?
1956 • 180 citations
Dangers in applying results from experimental social psychology.
1975 • 175 citations
Reinforcement and the organization of behaviour
1979 • 175 citations
Optical Signals. Animal Communication and Light
1978 • 172 citations
Computational models and empirical constraints
1978 • 166 citations
Incentive Contrast in Honey Bees
1976 • 163 citations
The ontogeny of vertebrate behavior
1974 • 161 citations
Knowing, Thinking, and Believing
1976 • 154 citations
Perception and Discovery: An Introduction to Scientific Inquiry
2018 • 149 citations
The place of innate individual and species differences in a natural-science theory of behavior.
1945 • 148 citations
How an Instinct is Learned
1969 • 144 citations
Visual Detection of Cryptic Prey by Blue Jays ( Cyanocitta cristata )
1977 • 143 citations
A functional interpretation of the conditioned reflex.
1929 • 143 citations
Probabilistic functionalism: A conception of research method.
1979 • 142 citations
Migratory Orientation in the Indigo Bunting, Passerina cyanea. Part II: Mechanism of Celestial Orientation
1967 • 140 citations
On the Biology of Learning
1970 • 137 citations
Language Analysis and the Concept "Environment"
1957 • 136 citations
Development of species identification in ducklings: IV. Change in species-specific perception caused by auditory deprivation.
1978 • 134 citations
Evolution of Brain and Behavior in Vertebrates
2018 • 133 citations
On Some Fundamental Concepts of Darwinian Biology
1968 • 132 citations
Potentiation instead of overshadowing in the pigeon
1979 • 131 citations
Novel taste facilitation of the association of visual cues with toxicosis in rats.
1978 • 129 citations
Probabilistic functionalism: A conception of research method.
1979 • 127 citations
VOCAL LEARNING IN BIRDS
1971 • 124 citations
The neurobiology of learning and memory
1989 • 122 citations
Effects of Early Experience on Substrate Pattern Selection in Rana aurora Tadpoles
1970 • 121 citations
Adaptation and diversity
1971 • 120 citations
Progress in Psychobiology and Physiological Psychology, Vol. 8
1980 • 118 citations
Macromolecular Specificity and Biological Memory
1963 • 118 citations
Development of species identification in ducklings: V. Perceptual differentiation in the embryo.
1979 • 116 citations
Croonian Lecture - The elementary nervous system
1952 • 113 citations
BATESIAN MIMICRY: FIELD DEMONSTRATION OF THE SURVIVAL VALUE OF PIPEVINE SWALLOWTAIL AND MONARCH COLOR PATTERNS
1979 • 111 citations
Flavor Aversion Studies
1976 • 111 citations
Runway performance of goldfish as a function of complete and incomplete reduction in amount of reward
1972 • 109 citations
Some Mechanisms of Family Integration in Ducks
1956 • 108 citations
Patterns in the behaviour of organisms
1980 • 108 citations
Evolutionary scales and anagenesis.
1977 • 104 citations
On Semantic Pitfalls of Biological Adaptation
1966 • 101 citations
Beyond the operant analysis of behavior
1978 • 100 citations
Learning as a General Process with an Emphasis on Data from Feeding Experiments
1977 • 98 citations
PREDATOR RESPONSES TO ARTIFICIAL BATESIAN MIMICS RELEASED IN A NEOTROPICAL ENVIRONMENT
1967 • 96 citations
How are our Instincts Acquired?
1922 • 95 citations
A Sketch of an Ecological Metatheory for Theories of Learning
1980 • 94 citations
Behavior of the turtle (Chrysemys picta picta) in simultaneous, successive, and behavioral contrast situations.
1974 • 93 citations
Development of the Nervous System
2005 • 91 citations
Taste potentiates color-sickness associations in pigeons and quail
1980 • 91 citations
Maternal vocalizations of mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos)
1978 • 91 citations
Animal learning : survey and analysis
1979 • 89 citations
Bee Dancing and Evolutionary Epistemology
1977 • 86 citations
The ontogeny of an instinct. The pecking response in chicks of the laughing gull (Larus atricilla L.) and related species
1969 • 86 citations
COMBINATIONS OF RESPONSE‐REINFORCER DEPENDENCE AND INDEPENDENCE1
1974 • 85 citations
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OBSERVATION AND EXPERIMENTATION IN THE FIELD STUDY OF BEHAVIOR
1950 • 85 citations
The adjustment of goldfish to reduction in magnitude of reward in massed trials
1974 • 84 citations
ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
1975 • 82 citations
What the Nose Learns from the Mouth
1980 • 82 citations
The movements and habits of climbing plants
1876 • 81 citations
The net result of the anti-heredity movement in psychology.
1929 • 81 citations
An Ethological Approach to Studying Intelligence
1979 • 79 citations
Evolutionary Biology
1968 • 76 citations
Macromolecular specificity and biological memory
1962 • 71 citations
Roles of naturalistic observation in comparative psychology.
1977 • 70 citations
TIME ALLOCATION AND NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT1
1973 • 68 citations
Response : Flavor Aversion Studies
1976 • 67 citations
Poison-based avoidance learning in nonhuman primates: Use of visual cues
1975 • 57 citations
The Nature and Development of Animal Intelligence
1898 • 54 citations
The nature and development of animal intelligence.
1898 • 49 citations
Constraints on Learning
1979 • 49 citations
Visual cues for illness-induced aversions in the pigeon
1980 • 45 citations
James Gibson's Ecological Revolution in Psychology
1979 • 41 citations
Ethology: Understanding the other half of intelligence
1978 • 41 citations
Patterns of feeding in the domestic chick. II. An operant situation
1979 • 38 citations
Postnatal neural ontogeny: Environment‐dependent and/or environment‐expectant?
1972 • 38 citations
Animal Learning
1979 • 36 citations
Development of feeding diversity in deer mice.
1979 • 35 citations
A Note on General Process Learning Theorists.
1973 • 35 citations
The Behavior of Organisms, as it is Linked to Genes and Populations
1981 • 35 citations
How Can So Little Brain Hold So Much Knowledge? Applicability of the Principle of Natural Selection to Mental Processes
1977 • 35 citations
The “Paradigms” of Learning
1975 • 33 citations
Molar Reductionism
1976 • 30 citations
A gradient theory of multiple-choice learning.
1953 • 29 citations
The nature of life
1978 • 29 citations
Principles of Animal Psychology.
1936 • 12 citations
Deleted Work
1955 • 0 citations