Branched-chain amino acids: metabolic roles and clinical applications

Effects of insulin, glucose, and amino acids on protein turnover in rat diaphragm.

1975 • 916 citations

Leucine. A possible regulator of protein turnover in muscle.

1975 • 746 citations

Amino acid assignment to one of three blood-brain barrier amino acid carriers

1976 • 593 citations

The effect of normalization of plasma amino acids on hepatic encephalopathy in man.

1976 • 580 citations

NEUTRAL AMINO ACIDS IN THE BRAIN: CHANGES IN RESPONSE TO FOOD INGESTION

1978 • 426 citations

HYPERAMMONÆMIA, PLASMA AMINOACID IMBALANCE, AND BLOOD-BRAIN AMINOACID TRANSPORT: A UNIFIED THEORY OF PORTAL-SYSTEMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY

1979 • 413 citations

The dynamics of ammonia metabolism in man. Effects of liver disease and hyperammonemia.

1979 • 406 citations

Prognosis in Nontraumatic Coma

1981 • 396 citations

Effect of protein ingestion on splanchnic and leg metabolism in normal man and in patients with diabetes mellitus.

1976 • 370 citations

KINETICS OF COMPETITIVE INHIBITION OF NEUTRAL AMINO ACID TRANSPORT ACROSS THE BLOOD‐BRAIN BARRIER

1977 • 357 citations

The relative importance of muscle protein synthesis and breakdown in the regulation of muscle mass

1976 • 346 citations

Origin and Possible Significance of Alanine Production by Skeletal Muscle

1974 • 335 citations

Septic Autocannibalism

1980 • 326 citations

Effect of Exercise on Protein Turnover in Man

1981 • 310 citations

Plasma amino acids in patients with hepatic encephalopathy

1974 • 303 citations

Metabolism and Clinical Implications of Branched Chain Amino and Keto Acids

1982 • 298 citations

HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY AND THE γ-AMINOBUTYRIC-ACID NEUROTRANSMITTER SYSTEM

1982 • 297 citations

Regulation by insulin of amino acid release and protein turnover in the perfused rat hemicorpus.

1977 • 294 citations

Effects of food deprivation on protein synthesis and degradation in rat skeletal muscles

1976 • 284 citations

Influence of amino acid availability on protein turnover in perfused skeletal muscle

1978 • 277 citations

Oxidation of leucine by rat skeletal muscle

1972 • 256 citations

Hormonal regulation of protein degradation and synthesis in skeletal muscle.

1980 • 254 citations

Whole-body leucine and lysine metabolism: response to dietary protein intake in young men

1981 • 251 citations

Amino Acid Derangements in Patients With Sepsis

1978 • 225 citations

Metabolism of branched-chain amino acids in altered nutrition

1976 • 220 citations

Feeding Increases Dopamine Metabolism in the Rat Brain

1980 • 207 citations

Alanine and glutamine synthesis and release from skeletal muscle. II. The precursor role of amino acids in alanine and glutamine synthesis.

1976 • 202 citations

Neurotransmitter Receptor Binding in Bovine Cerebral Microvessels

1980 • 199 citations

Regulation of Leucine Metabolism in Man: A Stable Isotope Study

1981 • 189 citations

Effect of leucine and metabolites of branched chain amino acids on protein turnover in heart.

1979 • 188 citations

CROHN'S DISEASE

1975 • 178 citations

Amino acid inhibition of the autophagic/lysosomal pathway of protein degradation in isolated rat hepatocytes

1980 • 172 citations

Infusion of the Branched Chain Amino Acids in Postoperative Patients Anticatabolic Properties

1979 • 160 citations

The mechanism of hepatic coma

1981 • 159 citations

Leucine degradation in cell-free extracts of skeletal muscle

1979 • 155 citations

Blood and tissue branched-chain amino and α-keto acid concentrations: effect of diet, starvation, and disease

1981 • 145 citations

Dopamine and Serotonin Metabolism in Hepatic Encephalopathy

1974 • 144 citations

Hepatic Encephalopathy: Current Status

1974 • 144 citations

Proteolysis associated with a deficit of peripheral energy fuel substrates in septic man.

1976 • 142 citations

Effect of Starvation on the Turnover and Metabolic Response to Leucine

1978 • 138 citations

Blood-brain barrier derangement in sepsis: Cause of septic encephalopathy?

1981 • 137 citations

Effect of nutrition on protein turnover in skeletal muscle.

1978 • 133 citations

Regulation of leucine and alpha-ketoisocaproic acid metabolism in skeletal muscle. Effects of starvation and insulin.

1980 • 131 citations

Effects of major skeletal trauma on whole body protein turnover in man measured by L-[1,14C]-leucine.

1980 • 131 citations

Tryptophan and hepatic coma

1978 • 124 citations

Nitrogen sparing induced by leucine compared with that induced by its keto analogue, alpha-ketoisocaproate, in fasting obese man.

1981 • 123 citations

Differential tissue sensitivity to elevated endogenous insulin levels during experimental peritonitis in rats

1974 • 119 citations

Branched chain amino acid administration and metabolism during starvation, injury, and infection.

1979 • 118 citations

Enzymic determination of branched-chain amino acids and 2-oxoacids in rat tissues. Transfer of 2-oxoacids from skeletal muscle to liver in vivo

1980 • 117 citations

A STUDY OF PROPOSED DETERMINANTS OF BRAIN TRYPTOPHAN CONCENTRATION IN RATS AFTER PORTOCAVAL ANASTOMOSIS OR SHAM OPERATION

1978 • 116 citations

Influence of Leucine on Arterial Concentrations and Regional Exchange of Amino Acids in Healthy Subjects

1980 • 108 citations

Plasma amino acids imbalance in patients with liver disease

1978 • 107 citations

Roles of branched-chain amino acids in metabolic regulation.

1980 • 104 citations

Interorganal relationships of amino acid metabolism in fed rats

1974 • 104 citations

Plasma amino acid abnormalities in the alcoholic

1978 • 103 citations

Aspects of the regulation of the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids

1977 • 102 citations

CORRELATION OF PLASMA AND BRAIN AMINO ACID AND PUTATIVE NEUROTRANSMITTER ALTERATIONS DURING ACUTE HEPATIC COMA IN THE RAT

1979 • 97 citations

Distribution of branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenases in primate tissues.

1977 • 97 citations

Studies concerning the specificity of the effect of leucine on the turnover of proteins in muscles of control and diabetic rats

1977 • 96 citations

Transport of nutrients and hormones through the blood-brain barrier

1981 • 90 citations

The role of the branched-chain amino acids in decreasing muscle catabolism in vivo.

1978 • 90 citations

Leucine degradation and release of glutamine and alanine by adipose tissue.

1980 • 82 citations

Brain tryptophan, plasma free tryptophan and distribution of plasma neutral amino acids

1976 • 80 citations

Differential compartmentation of leucine for oxidation and for protein synthesis in cultured skeletal muscle.

1981 • 80 citations

Regulation of protein synthesis and degradation during in vitro cardiac work

1980 • 74 citations

Contribution of skeletal muscle protein in elevated rates of whole body protein catabolism in trauma patients

1981 • 73 citations

Treatment of hepatic coma and hepatorenal syndrome

1972 • 71 citations

Multiple Systems Organ Failure

1981 • 70 citations

Intracellular Free Amino Acids in Undernourished Patients with or without Sepsis

1982 • 70 citations

Comparison between neomycin and lactulose in 173 patients with hepatic encephalopathy

1981 • 69 citations

A Comparison of the Effects of Intravenous Infusion of Individual Branched-Chain Amino Acids on Blood Amino Acid Levels in Man

1981 • 66 citations

The Effect of Diabetes, Insulin, and the Redox Potential on Leucine Metabolism by Isolated Rat Hemidiaphragm

1976 • 66 citations

Influence of Dietary Protein Levels and Hydrocortisone Administration on the Branched-chain Amino Acid Transaminase Activity in Rat Tissues

1968 • 63 citations

Comparison of the effect of various amino acids upon the blood ammonia concentration of patients with liver disease

1973 • 63 citations

Branched-chain Amino Acid Nitrogen Transfer to Alanine In Vivo in Dogs

1980 • 61 citations

Effects of Branched-chain Amino Acid Antagonism in the Rat on Tissue Amino Acid and Keto Acid Concentrations

1977 • 61 citations

Hormone and amino acid levels in altered nutritional states.

1970 • 59 citations

The adaptation in musle oxidation of leucine to dietary protein and energy intake

1974 • 58 citations

Leucine oxidation in diabetes and starvation: Effects of ketone bodies on branched-chain amino acid oxidation in vitro

1978 • 58 citations

Medical Therapies for Mood Disorders Alter the Blood-Brain Barrier

1981 • 56 citations

Assessment of Effect of Starvation, Glucose, Fatty Acids and Hormones on α-Decarboxylation of Leucine in Skeletal Muscle of Rat

1976 • 54 citations

The nature and prognostic significance of serial amino acid determinations in severe chronic active liver disease

1981 • 53 citations

In vitro effect of branched chain amino acids on the ribosomal cycle in muscles of fasted rats.

1979 • 52 citations

Studies on the activation and inactivation of the branched chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase in the perfused rat heart.

1980 • 51 citations

In Vivo Effects of Branched Chain Amino Acids on Muscle Protein Synthesis in Fasted Rats

1981 • 51 citations

The stimulus‐secretion coupling of amino acid‐induced insulin release: insulinotropic action of branched‐chain amino acids at physiological concentrations of glucose and glutamine

1981 • 50 citations

Permeability of the blood-brain barrier fter portocaval anastomosis in the rat

1977 • 50 citations

Plasma amino acid profiles in patients with fulminant hepatic failure treated by repeated polyacrylonitrile membrane hemodialysis

1978 • 47 citations

Effects of lactulose and neomycin on urea metabolism in cirrhotic subjects

1982 • 45 citations

L-Leucine activates branched chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase in rat adipose tissue.

1981 • 44 citations

Amino acids as energy sources

1980 • 43 citations

Some factors influencing cerebral oxidation in relation to hepatic coma.

1958 • 43 citations

Nutrients for the brain: Problems in supply

1981 • 43 citations

L-Tryptophan Injection Enhances Pulsatile Growth Hormone Secretion in the Rat*

1981 • 42 citations

Lactose enemas plus placebo tablets vs. neomycin tablets plus starch enemas in acute portal systemic encephalopathy

1981 • 39 citations

Plasma Free, Erythrocyte Free and Plasma Peptide Amino Acid Exchange of Calves in Steady State and Fasting Metabolism

1982 • 39 citations

Chronic Tissue Insulin Resistance Following Hemorrhagic Shock

1974 • 39 citations

Effect of Glucose and/or Branched Chain Amino Acid Infusion on Plasma Amino Acid Imbalance in Chronic Liver Failure

1981 • 38 citations

Is regulation of proteolysis associated with redox-state changes in rat skeletal muscle?

1980 • 37 citations

A role for leucine in regulation of protein turnover in working rat hearts

1980 • 37 citations

Kinetics of Cerebral Uptake Processes In Vitro of L‐Glutamine, Branched‐Chain L‐Amino Acids, and L‐Phenylalanine: Effects of Ouabain

1980 • 33 citations

Transport of Neutral Amino Acids at the Blood-Brain Barrier

1981 • 32 citations

Effects of fasting on flux and interconversion of leucine and alpha-ketoisocaproate in vivo

1981 • 32 citations

Multiple systems organ failure: III Contrasts in plasma amino acid profiles in septic trauma patients who subsequently survive and do not survive-effects of intravenous amino acids.

1981 • 30 citations

Rates of protein synthesis in skin and bone, and their importance in the assessment of protein degradation in the perfused rat hemicorpus

1981 • 30 citations

Femoral arteriovenous amino acid differences in septic patients.

1979 • 29 citations

Selective amino acid solutions in hepatic encephalopathy treatment

1980 • 29 citations

Oral and Parenteral Nutrition with <i>L-</i><i>V</i>aline: Mode of Action

1980 • 28 citations

Plasma Free Amino Acids in Normal Children and in Patients with Proteinocaloric Malnutrition: Fasting and Infection

1978 • 26 citations

Multiple Systems Organ Failure

1981 • 26 citations

General Stimulation of Muscle Protein Synthesis by Branched Chain Amino Acids in Vitro

1979 • 26 citations

Dietary amino acid precursors: Effects on central monoamines, aggression, and locomotor activity in the mouse

1980 • 25 citations

Multiple Systems Organ Failure

1981 • 25 citations

Plasma Tryptophan Levels and Brain Serotonin Metabolism in Chronically Uremic Rats

1977 • 25 citations

Amino acid levels across normal forearm muscle: Whole blood vs. plasma

1974 • 25 citations

Effects of Dietary Amino Acids on Brain Amino Acids and Transmitter Amines in Rats with a Portacaval Shunt

1980 • 25 citations

Brain monoamines in hepatic encephalopathy and other types of metabolic coma.

1978 • 23 citations

Multiple Systems Organ Failure

1981 • 23 citations

Effects of precursors on brain neurotransmitter synthesis and brain functions

1981 • 23 citations

The exclusion of l-isoleucine or of l-leucine from the brain of the rat, caused by raised levels of l-valine in the circulation, and the manner in which this exclusion can be partially overcome

1977 • 23 citations

Leucine oxidation and protein degradation in the extensor digitorum longus and soleus of the tumor-bearing host

1981 • 23 citations

L-Leucine-Induced Secretion of Glucagon and Insulin, and the “Off-Response” to L-Leucine in Vitro. I. Characterization of the Dynamics of Secretion*

1978 • 22 citations

Perspectives in the control of chronic pain by nutritional manipulation

1981 • 20 citations

The role of alanine in the nitrogen conserving quality of the branched-chain amino acids in the postinjury state

1980 • 20 citations

Therapy of portal-systemic encephalopathy: The practical and the promising

1981 • 20 citations

Effects of diabetes on oxidative decarboxylation of branched-chain keto acids

1980 • 19 citations

Effects of Branched-Chain α-Keto Acids on Enzymes Involved in Branched-Chain α-Keto Acid Metabolism in Rat Tissues

1980 • 18 citations

Multiple Systems Organ Failure

1981 • 17 citations

Depressed uptake of serotonin by platelets in hepatic encephalopathy

1980 • 17 citations

Death After Portal Decompressive Surgery

1981 • 17 citations

Amino acid and protein metabolism in the diaphragm.

1979 • 17 citations

Sulfur-containing amino acids in experimental hepatic coma in the dog and the monkey.

1979 • 16 citations

Plasma neutral amino acid ratios in normal man and in patients with hepatic encephalopathy: correlations with self-selected protein and energy consumption

1981 • 16 citations

Effects of Long‐Term Low Dietary Tryptophan Intake on Determinants of 5‐Hydroxytryptamine Metabolisn in the Brains of Young Rats

1981 • 15 citations

Human cerebral free amino acids in hepatic coma.

1978 • 15 citations

Blood-brain transport of tryptophan and phenylalanine: effect of portacaval shunt in dogs

1981 • 15 citations

[Amino-acid mixtures for parenteral feeding in liver insufficiency].

1978 • 12 citations

Production of alanine and glutamine by atrial muscle from fed and fasted rats

1980 • 12 citations

Influence of Dietary Nitrogen Intake on Mammalian Branched Chain α-Keto Acid Dehydrogenase Activity

1981 • 12 citations

An approach to nutritional therapy of hepatic encephalopathy by normalization of deranged amino acid patterns in serum.

1978 • 12 citations

Different influences of two types of diets commonly used for rats on a series of parameters related to the metabolism of central serotonin and noradrenaline

1981 • 11 citations

Amino acid induced coma in normal animals; prevention by branched chain amino acids

1978 • 10 citations

A dynamic study of rectally absorbed ammonia in liver cirrhosis using [13N] ammonia and a positron camera

1980 • 10 citations

GROWTH HORMONE (GH) SECRETION IN HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY

1981 • 9 citations

Effects of F080 in clinical hepatic encephalopathy: Result of a phase I study

1978 • 8 citations

Longitudinal prospective study of the hepatitis B (HBsAg) carrier state

1978 • 6 citations

An experimental method for study of liver blood flow and metabolism in intact animals

1981 • 5 citations

Lactose enemas plus placebo tablets vs. neomycin tablets plus starch enemas in acute portal systemic encephalopathy

1981 • 5 citations

Compartmentation in amino acid transport across the blood brain barrier

1981 • 5 citations

[Biochemistry of hepatic encephalopathy].

1978 • 4 citations

[Therapy of hepatic encephalopathy. Modification of the plasma aminogram using amino acid infusions].

1978 • 4 citations

[Parenteral nutrition of patients with hepatic encephalopathy. Preliminary considerations on 10 treated cases].

1978 • 4 citations

The inhibition of brain protein synthesis following leucine or valine injection can be prevented

1981 • 4 citations

Experimental studies on the metabolic effects of branched chain amino acids.

1980 • 4 citations

Acute hepatic ischaemia in the pig- the changes in plasma hormones, amino acids and brain biochemistry.

1981 • 4 citations

Effect of exercise on postoperative nitrogen balance

1979 • 4 citations

Coma: a clinical review.

1981 • 3 citations

The effects of nutritional factors on memory

2009 • 3 citations

Rhythmic variations of valine and leucine decarboxylation in rat diaphragm

1980 • 2 citations

New Evidence on Diet in Hyperkinesis

1982 • 2 citations