Smokeless tobacco and cancer

Cancer incidence, mortality and prevalence worldwide

2004 • 3,893 citations

Smoking and drinking in relation to oral and pharyngeal cancer.

1988 • 1,962 citations

Tobacco Smoke Carcinogens and Lung Cancer

1999 • 1,927 citations

Tobacco carcinogens, their biomarkers and tobacco-induced cancer

2003 • 1,447 citations

Biochemistry, Biology, and Carcinogenicity of Tobacco-Specific N-Nitrosamines

1998 • 1,046 citations

Tobacco use in India: prevalence and predictors of smoking and chewing in a national cross sectional household survey

2003 • 640 citations

Snuff Dipping and Oral Cancer among Women in the Southern United States

1981 • 568 citations

Smokeless tobacco and health in India and South Asia

2003 • 449 citations

Tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, and cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx among U.S. veterans

1993 • 397 citations

Smoking tobacco, oral snuff, and alcohol in the etiology of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck

1998 • 389 citations

Independent and combined effects of tobacco smoking, chewing and alcohol drinking on the risk of oral, pharyngeal and esophageal cancers in Indian men

2003 • 353 citations

Surveillance for selected tobacco-use behaviors--United States, 1900-1994.

1994 • 345 citations

The role of tobacco, snuff and alcohol use in the aetiology of cancer of the oesophagus and gastric cardia

2000 • 325 citations

Induction of lung and exocrine pancreas tumors in F344 rats by tobacco-specific and Areca-derived N-nitrosamines.

1988 • 306 citations

A cohort study of smoking, alcohol consumption, and dietary factors for pancreatic cancer (United States)

1993 • 232 citations

Oral use of Swedish moist snuff (snus) and risk for cancer of the mouth, lung, and pancreas in male construction workers: a retrospective cohort study

2007 • 230 citations

Paan without tobacco: An independent risk factor for oral cancer

2000 • 218 citations

S<scp>mokeless</scp> T<scp>obacco and</scp> O<scp>ral</scp> C<scp>ancer:</scp> A R<scp>eview of the</scp> R<scp>isks and</scp> D<scp>eterminants</scp>

2004 • 201 citations

Two large prospective studies of mortality among men who use snuff or chewing tobacco (United States)

2005 • 198 citations

Dose-response relationship between O6-methylguanine formation in Clara cells and induction of pulmonary neoplasia in the rat by 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone.

1990 • 196 citations

Oral snuff, smoking habits and alcohol consumption in relation to oral cancer in a Swedish case-control study

1998 • 195 citations

Smokeless tobacco use and risk of cancer of the pancreas and other organs

2005 • 173 citations

Induction of oral cavity tumors in F344 rats by tobacco-specific nitrosamines and snuff.

1986 • 173 citations

Environmental Factors and High Risk of Esophageal Cancer Among Men in Coastal South Carolina

1988 • 170 citations

Betel nut and tobacco chewing; potential risk factors of cancer of oesophagus in Assam, India

2001 • 158 citations

Cytochrome P450 Enzymes as Catalysts of Metabolism of 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, a Tobacco Specific Carcinogen

2005 • 155 citations

Assessment of Swedish snus for tobacco harm reduction: an epidemiological modelling study

2007 • 151 citations

The Role of Tobacco, Alcohol Use, and Body Mass Index in Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer

1994 • 149 citations

Tobacco‐specific nitrosamines in new tobacco products

2006 • 138 citations

A case‐control investigation of cancer of the oral tongue and the floor of the mouth in Southern India

1989 • 131 citations

Risk factors for cancer of the buccal and labial mucosa in Kerala, southern India.

1990 • 124 citations

Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines and Their Pyridine-N-glucuronides in the Urine of Smokers and Smokeless Tobacco Users

2005 • 117 citations

N ′-Nitrosonornicotine in Tobacco

1974 • 116 citations

Smoking and pancreatic cancer in men and women.

1997 • 113 citations

Similar Exposure to a Tobacco-Specific Carcinogen in Smokeless Tobacco Users and Cigarette Smokers

2007 • 111 citations

Clinical, pathological, cellular and molecular lesions caused by oral smokeless tobacco – a review

2007 • 110 citations

Evaluation of Carcinogen Exposure in People Who Used "Reduced Exposure" Tobacco Products

2004 • 109 citations

Five Leading U.S. Commercial Brands of Moist Snuff in 1994: Assessment of Carcinogenic N-Nitrosamines

1995 • 109 citations

Daily Use of Smokeless Tobacco: Systemic Effects

1989 • 103 citations

Mass spectrometric analysis of tobacco-specific nitrosamine hemoglobin adducts in snuff dippers, smokers, and nonsmokers.

1990 • 102 citations

Tobacco chewing, alcohol and nasal snuff in cancer of the gingiva in Kerala, India

1989 • 99 citations

Impact of smoking and smokeless tobacco on the risk of cancer of the head and neck

1986 • 97 citations

Toombak Use and Cigarette Smoking in the Sudan: Estimates of Prevalence in the Nile State

1998 • 86 citations

Risk of gastroesophageal cancer among smokers and users of Scandinavian moist snuff

2007 • 85 citations

Circulatory disease and smokeless tobacco in Western populations: a review of the evidence

2007 • 82 citations

Smokeless and Other Noncigarette Tobacco Use and Pancreatic Cancer

2004 • 82 citations

Descriptive epidemiology of oral neoplasms in sudan 1970‐1985 and the role of toombak

1995 • 81 citations

A study of Danish snuff‐induced oral leukoplakias

1973 • 78 citations

Smokeless tobacco and increased risk of hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancers: A multicentric case–control study from India

2007 • 76 citations

Risk factors for cancer of the oesophagus in Kerala, India

1991 • 74 citations

Analysis of N- and O-Glucuronides of 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) in Human Urine

2002 • 71 citations

Biomonitoring of hemoglobin adducts: aromatic amines and tobacco-specific nitrosamines

1994 • 68 citations

Tobacco-related disease mortality among men who switched from cigarettes to spit tobacco

2007 • 64 citations

Tobacco and alcohol as risk factors in cancer of the larynx in Kerala, India

1990 • 61 citations

Oral cancer induced in hamsters with herpes simplex infection and simulated snuff dipping

1986 • 56 citations

Uptake and metabolism of carcinogenic levels of tobacco-specific nitrosamines by Sudanese snuff dippers.

1994 • 56 citations

Passive smoking and the use of noncigarette tobacco products in association with risk for pancreatic cancer: A case‐control study

2007 • 56 citations

Trends and Patterns of Tobacco Use in the United States

2003 • 55 citations

US commercial brands of moist snuff, 1994 - assessment of nicotine, moisture, and PH

1995 • 46 citations

Metabolites of a tobacco-specific nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)- 1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), in the urine of smokeless tobacco users: relationship between urinary biomarkers and oral leukoplakia.

1996 • 40 citations

A long‐term follow‐up study on the natural course of snus‐induced lesions among Swedish snus users

2006 • 33 citations

[Etiologic factors in primary bronchial carcinoma in Tunisia].

1993 • 28 citations

Mortality and morbidity of potentially misclassified smokers

1997 • 26 citations

Smokeless tobacco topography and toxin exposure

2005 • 19 citations

Smokeless tobacco in Canada: deterring market development

1999 • 15 citations

Tobacco use among teachers [corrected] in Uttar Pradesh & Uttaranchal, India.

2005 • 10 citations