The apoplast — its significance for the nutrition of higher plants

The Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants.

1988 • 5,147 citations

Structural models of primary cell walls in flowering plants: consistency of molecular structure with the physical properties of the walls during growth

1993 • 3,389 citations

Cellular Mechanisms of Aluminum Toxicity and Resistance in Plants

1995 • 1,623 citations

Plant roots. The hidden half

1992 • 1,100 citations

Determination of the Pore Size of Cell Walls of Living Plant Cells

1979 • 804 citations

The role of calcium in salt toxicity

1992 • 546 citations

The partitioning of nitrate assimilation between root and shoot of higher plants.

1986 • 452 citations

Ion Relations of Plants Under Drought and Salinity

1986 • 421 citations

pH and Ionic Conditions in the Apoplast

1991 • 409 citations

Peroxidase Release Induced by Ozone in Sedum album Leaves

1984 • 385 citations

Cycling of Amino-Nitrogen and other Nutrients between Shoots and Roots in Cereals—A Possible Mechanism Integrating Shoot and Root in the Regulation of Nutrient Uptake

1989 • 379 citations

Ca2+ and nucleotide dependent regulation of voltage dependent anion channels in the plasma membrane of guard cells.

1990 • 376 citations

Role of calcium in aluminium toxicity

1992 • 348 citations

The role of the apoplast in aluminium toxicity and resistance of higher plants: A review

1995 • 345 citations

Role of Ascorbate in Detoxifying Ozone in the Apoplast of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Leaves

1993 • 322 citations

Biologically active secondary metabolites of endophytic Pezicula species

1995 • 298 citations

Infection of sugar cane by the nitrogen-fixing bacteriumAcetobacter diazotrophicus

1994 • 297 citations

Biochemical Plant Responses to Ozone

1991 • 293 citations

Biochemical, molecular, and physiological aspects of plant peroxidases

1991 • 285 citations

Axial and Radial Hydraulic Resistance to Roots of Maize (Zea mays L.)

1989 • 285 citations

Penetration of Stomata by Liquids

1972 • 272 citations

Ion accumulation in the cell walls of rice plants growing under saline conditions: evidence for the Oertli hypothesis

1991 • 270 citations

Seedling Growth and Storage Characteristics of Seeder and Resprouter Species of Mediterranean-type Ecosystems of S. W. Australia

1990 • 259 citations

A Nitrogen-Fixing Endophyte of Sugarcane Stems (A New Role for the Apoplast)

1994 • 257 citations

The Contribution of an Apoplastic Pathway to Sodium Uptake by Rice Roots in Saline Conditions

1987 • 251 citations

Extracellular ascorbic acid and enzyme activities related to ascorbic acid metabolism in Sedum album L. leaves after ozone exposure

1988 • 241 citations

Tansley Review No. 22 What becomes of the transpiration stream?

1990 • 236 citations

Ion Channels in the Xylem Parenchyma of Barley Roots (A Procedure to Isolate Protoplasts from This Tissue and a Patch-Clamp Exploration of Salt Passageways into Xylem Vessels

1994 • 221 citations

Water Transport in Maize Roots

1987 • 211 citations

Adsorption of heavy metals by green algae and ground rice hulls

1993 • 203 citations

Malate-induced feedback regulation of plasma membrane anion channels could provide a CO2 sensor to guard cells.

1993 • 194 citations

Ion Relations of Symplastic and Apoplastic Space in Leaves from Spinacia oleracea L. and Pisum sativum L. under Salinity

1991 • 186 citations

Chapter 6 Fluorescence Ratio Imaging Microscopy

1989 • 178 citations

Importance of Cycling and Recycling of Mineral Nutrients within Plants for Growth and Development

1997 • 176 citations

Apparent Free Space

1957 • 176 citations

Organic Constituents and Complexation of Nickel(II), Iron(III), Cadmium(II), and plutonium(IV) in Soybean Xylem Exudates

1988 • 174 citations

Sodium and potassium transport to the xylem are inherited independently in rice, and the mechanism of sodium: potassium selectivity differs between rice and wheat

1997 • 171 citations

Effects of NaCl on Flows of N and Mineral Ions and on NO3- Reduction Rate within Whole Plants of Salt-Sensitive Bean and Salt-Tolerant Cotton

1994 • 168 citations

Apoplastic Water and Solute Movement: New Rules for an Old Space

1995 • 167 citations

Salinity accelerates endodermal development and induces an exodermis in cotton seedling roots

1995 • 165 citations

The control of cell expansion in roots

1994 • 160 citations

MIGRATION OF SALTS AND WATER INTO XYLEM OF THE ROOTS OF HIGHER PLANTS

1938 • 159 citations

Plant growth hormones control voltage-dependent activity of anion channels in plasma membrane of guard cells

1991 • 157 citations

Salinity Reduces Membrane-Associated Calcium in Corn Root Protoplasts

1987 • 157 citations

Transport of Water and Solutes across Maize Roots Modified by Puncturing the Endodermis (Further Evidence for the Composite Transport Model of the Root)

1993 • 156 citations

Interactions between aluminium and phosphorus on root surfaces and cell wall material

1967 • 155 citations

Untitled

1997 • 149 citations

Water Uptake by Different Regions of the Barley Root. Pathways of Radial Flow in Relation to Development of the Endodermis

1983 • 147 citations

Diurnal rhythm of release of phytosiderophores and uptake rate of zinc in iron-deficient wheat

1991 • 146 citations

Exodermal Casparian bands: their significance for ion uptake by roots

1988 • 145 citations

Deposition of Casparian bands and suberin lamellae in the exodermis and endodermis of young corn and onion roots

1986 • 144 citations

Cation and Chloride Partitioning through Xylem and Phloem within the Whole Plant ofRicinus communisL. under Conditions of Salt Stress

1991 • 133 citations

Water transport across roots

1994 • 129 citations

Aluminum effects on the kinetics of calcium uptake into cells of the wheat root apex

1992 • 127 citations

Osmotic Stress Suppresses Cell Wall Stiffening and the Increase in Cell Wall-Bound Ferulic and Diferulic Acids in Wheat Coleoptiles

1997 • 126 citations

Does transpiration have an essential function in long‐distance ion transport in plants?

1990 • 121 citations

Short-term responses of soybean roots to aluminium

1991 • 119 citations

Relationship between leaf apoplast pH and iron chlorosis of sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.)

1994 • 117 citations

Untitled

1997 • 115 citations

Accumulation of cobalt, zinc and manganese by the estuarine green microalga Chlorella salina immobilized in alginate microbeads

1992 • 113 citations

Transfer Cells in Roots of Phaseolus coccineus: Ultrastructure and Possible Function in Exclusion of Sodium from the Shoot

1977 • 109 citations

Disturbance of cell Ca²⁺ homeostasis as a primary trigger of Al toxicity syndrome

1992 • 109 citations

Cell wall functions in growth and development —a physical and chemical point of view

1991 • 108 citations

The transpiration stream in the leaf apoplast: water and solutes

1993 • 104 citations

Aluminium induces rapid changes in cytosolic pH and free calcium and potassium concentrations in root protoplasts of wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1997 • 104 citations

Convergence of the Abscisic Acid, CO2, and Extracellular Calcium Signal Transduction Pathways in Stomatal Guard Cells

1997 • 103 citations

Measurement of Net Fluxes of Ammonium and Nitrate at the Surface of Barley Roots Using Ion-Selective Microelectrodes

1990 • 103 citations

Suberin lamellae in the hypodermis of maize (Zea mays) roots; development and factors affecting the permeability of hypodermal layers

1987 • 97 citations

Extensin—a major cell wall glycoprotein

1986 • 95 citations

Translocation and cycling through roots of recently absorbed nitrogen and sulphur in wheat (Triticum aestivum) during vegetative and generative growth

1991 • 95 citations

Isolation of Apoplasmic Fluid from Sunflower Leaves and its Use for Studies on Influence of Nitrogen Supply on Apoplasmic pH

1995 • 94 citations

FITC‐dextran for measuring apoplast pH and apoplastic pH gradients between various cell types in sunflower leaves

1995 • 94 citations

High Affinity K⁺ Uptake in Maize Roots

1989 • 93 citations

Apoplastic pH of intact leaves ofVicia fabaas influenced by light

1995 • 90 citations

Relationship between Fruit Softening and Wall Polysaccharides in Avocado (Persea americana Mill) Mesocarp Tissues

1997 • 90 citations

Proteins in Intercellular Washing Fluids from Leaves of Barley (Hordeum vulgareL.)

1983 • 89 citations

Pectin Modification in Cell Walls of Ripening Tomatoes Occurs in Distinct Domains

1997 • 88 citations

Measurements of pH in the apoplast of sunflower leaves by means of fluorescence

1992 • 87 citations

Accumulation of Apoplastic Iron in Plant Roots

1990 • 87 citations

Al3+-Ca2+ interactions in aluminum rhizotoxicity

1993 • 85 citations

Mineral nutrition and transport in xylem and phloem ofBanksia prionotes(Proteaceae), a tree with dimorphic root morphology

1995 • 84 citations

Apoplastic Ion Concentration of Intact Leaves of Field Bean (Vicia faba) as Influenced by Ammonium and Nitrate Nutrition

1995 • 81 citations

Relationship between iron chlorosis and alkalinity in Zea mays

1988 • 81 citations

Seasonal variation of amino acids in the xylem sap of “Populus x canadensis” and its relation to protein body mobilization

1992 • 80 citations

Pectic Signal Transduction in Carrot Cells: Membrane, Cytosolic and Nuclear Responses Induced by Oligogalacturonides

1994 • 79 citations

The effects of drought and subsequent rehydration on the structure and vitality of Zea mays seedling roots

1991 • 78 citations

Influence of the Form of Nitrogen Supply on Root Uptake and Translocation of Cations in the Xylem Exudate of Maize (Zea maysL)

1993 • 78 citations

Untitled

1997 • 77 citations

Diazotrophic endophytes: progress and prospects for nitrogen fixation in monocots

1996 • 77 citations

The Casparian Strip of Clivia miniata Reg. Roots: Isolation, Fine Structure and Chemical Nature*

1994 • 75 citations

Cell wall oligogalacturonides increase cytosolic free calcium in carrot protoplasts

1993 • 75 citations

Adaptation of potassium translocation into the shoot of maize (Zea mays) to shoot demand: Evidence for xylem loading as a regulating step

1992 • 73 citations

Al3+-Ca2+ interactions in aluminum rhizotoxicity

1993 • 71 citations

Bi-phasic composition of trans-root electrical potential in roots of Plantago species: involvement of spatially separated electrogenic pumps

1983 • 70 citations

Auswaschung von Nährstoffen durch sauren Nebel aus jungen intakten Fichten (Picea abies)

1987 • 70 citations

Regulation of plant cell‐wall pectin methyl esterase by polyamines — Interactions with the effects of metal ions

1992 • 68 citations

Nutrient Transfer and the Fungus-Root Interface

1989 • 67 citations

Modelling of the Partitioning, Assimilation and Storage of Nitrate within Root and Shoot Organs of Castor Bean (Ricinus communisL.)

1991 • 67 citations

Where does all the calcium go? Evidence of an important regulatory role for trichomes in two calcicoles

1996 • 66 citations

Iron distribution in vine leaves with HCO₃^‐induced chlorosis

1984 • 66 citations

A diazotrophic bacterial endophyte isolated from stems of Zea mays L. and Zea luxurians Iltis and Doebley

1996 • 65 citations

Responses of elongation growth rate, turgor pressure and cell wall extensibility of stem cells of Impatiens balsamina to lead, cadmium and zinc

1993 • 65 citations

The Effects of Extracellular Calmodulin on Cell Wall Regeneration of Protoplasts and Cell Division

1995 • 65 citations

Wetting of Polymer Surfaces. I. Contact Angles of Liquids on Starch, Amylose, Amylopectin, Cellulose and Polyvinyl Alcohol

1958 • 64 citations

Untitled

1997 • 64 citations

Effect of Calcium on Cell Wall Structure, Protein Phosphorylation and Protein Profile in Senescing Apples<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"><sup>2</sup></xref>

1988 • 64 citations

Influence of Glutathione (GSH) on Sulphate Influx, Xylem Loading and Exudation in Excised Tobacco Roots

1991 • 64 citations

Bioactive Isocoumarins and Related Metabolites from Conifer Endophytes

1995 • 63 citations

Apoplastic and membrane‐associated Ca²⁺ in leaves and roots as affected by boron deficiency

1998 • 62 citations

Radial Turgor and Osmotic Pressure Profiles in Intact and Excised Roots of Aster tripolium : Pressure Probe Measurements and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Imaging Analysis

1992 • 61 citations

Chemical Composition of Bleeding Xylem Sap from Kiwifruit Vines

1986 • 61 citations

Measurement of the Apoplastic Activity of K⁺and Cl⁻in the Leaf Epidermis ofCommelina communisin Relation to Stomatal Activity

1987 • 60 citations

Use of the Pressure Vessel to Measure Concentrations of Solutes in Apoplastic and Membrane-Filtered Symplastic Sap in Sunflower Leaves

1986 • 59 citations

Hormone Action on Transmembrane Electron and H⁺ Transport

1988 • 59 citations

Experimental demonstration of the effect of the unstirred water layer on the kinetic constants of the membrane transport ofd-glucose in rabbit jejunum

1980 • 58 citations

Thiol and amino acid composition of the xylem sap of poplar trees (Populus ×canadensis 'robusta')

1994 • 58 citations

The nutritional status of the apical meristem of Lactuca sativa as affected by NaCl salinization: An electron-probe microanalytic study

1991 • 58 citations

Ultrastructural Changes in the Walls of Ripening Avocados: Transmission, Scanning, and Freeze Fracture Microscopy

1980 • 57 citations

Cation Exchange Properties of the Cell Walls ofEnteromorpha intestinalis(L.) Link. (Ulvales, Chlorophyta

1982 • 56 citations

LEACHING OF METABOLITES FROM FOLIAGE AND SUBSEQUENT REABSORPTION AND REDISTRIBUTION OF THE LEACHATE IN PLANTS

1964 • 55 citations

Cell walls as reservoirs of potassium ions for reversible volume changes of pulvinar motor cells during rhythmic leaf movements

1988 • 54 citations

Pectin esterase activity and pectin methyl esterification in heated golden delicious apples

1995 • 53 citations

Effects of endophytic fungi on the phenotypic plasticity of Lolium perenne (Poaceae)

1997 • 53 citations

Polyamines and Pectins (I. Ion Exchange and Selectivity)

1997 • 53 citations

The Xylem Sap of Maize Roots: Its Collection, Composition and Formation

1988 • 52 citations

ION UPTAKE IN RELATION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF A ROOT HYPODERMIS

1976 • 51 citations

Exchange Properties of Isolated Cell Walls of Lemna minor L.

1978 • 51 citations

Leaf teeth, transpiration and the retrieval of apoplastic solutes in balsam poplar

1991 • 49 citations

Method for Determining Solutes in the Cell Walls of Leaves

1971 • 49 citations

Water Transport in the Midrib Tissue of Maize Leaves

1985 • 49 citations

Factors affecting aluminium sorption by calcium pectate

1993 • 48 citations

Extracellular Potassium Activity in Attached Leaves and its Relation to Stomatal Function

1985 • 44 citations

Metal speciation in xylem and phloem exudates

1986 • 44 citations

Surface Chemical Properties of Purified Root Cell Walls from Two Tobacco Genotypes Exhibiting Different Tolerance to Manganese Toxicity

1992 • 44 citations

Determination of apoplastic K⁺in intact leaves by ratio imaging of PBFI fluorescence

1997 • 43 citations

Element localization in ultrathin cryosections of high‐pressure frozen ectomycorrhizal spruce roots

1997 • 42 citations

Stress‐dependent redistribution of abscisic acid (ABA) in Hordeum vulgare L leaves: the role of epidermal ABA metabolism, tonoplastic transport and the cuticle

1995 • 42 citations

The plasmalemma surface area exposed to the soil solution is markedly reduced by maturation of the exodermis and death of the epidermis in onion roots

1994 • 39 citations

Biological effects of pectic fragments in plant cells

1994 • 39 citations

Mineral nutrient supply, cell wall adjustment and the control of leaf growth

1997 • 39 citations

Fine veins of dicotyledon leaves as sites for enrichment of solutes of the xylem sap

1990 • 38 citations

Aluminium speciation in the presence of wheat root cell walls: a wet chemical study

1997 • 38 citations

Water Pathways in Wheat Leaves. IV. The Interpretation of Images of a Fluorescent Apoplastic Tracer

1988 • 37 citations

Mass-Action Expressions of Ion Exchange Applied to Ca²⁺, H⁺, K⁺, and Mg²⁺ Sorption on Isolated Cells Walls of Leaves from Brassica oleracea

1987 • 37 citations

Untitled

1997 • 36 citations

Cation exchange in isolated xylem cell walls of tomato. I. Cd²⁺ and Rb⁺ exchange in adsorption experiments

1987 • 36 citations

Diffusion of Oxygen in Relation to Structure and Function in Legume Root Nodules

1989 • 36 citations

Mineral and nutrient supply, content and leaching in Norway spruce exposed for 14 months to ozone and acid mist

1990 • 35 citations

Activity of Fixed Negative Charges of Isolated Extensor Cell Walls of the Laminar Pulvinus of Primary Leaves of Phaseolus

1985 • 34 citations

Foliar leaching and root uptake of Ca, Mg and K in relation to acid fog effects on Douglas-fir

1990 • 33 citations

Effect of Adsorbed Cations on Phosphorus Uptake by Excised Roots

1969 • 32 citations

Ion‐selective Microelectrodes: Their Use and Importance in Modern Plant Cell Biology

1993 • 32 citations

Transport of Nitrate and Ammonium into the Phloem and the Xylem of Ricinus communis seedlings

1992 • 31 citations

Quantification of Apoplastic Potassium Content by Elution Analysis of Leaf Lamina Tissue from Pea (Pisum sativum L. cv Argenteum)

1990 • 31 citations

Development of endodermal Casparian bands and xylem in lateral roots of broad bean

1990 • 31 citations

Effects of Potassium Withdrawal on Nitrate Transport and on the Contribution of the Root to Nitrate Reduction in the Whole Plant

1993 • 30 citations

Physical properties of the cell wall of photoautotrophic suspension cells fromChenopodium rubrum L.

1988 • 30 citations

Auxin and Cytokinins in the Apoplastic Solution of Dehydrated Cotton Leaves

1992 • 28 citations

Element concentrations in the xylem sap of Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings extracted by various methods under different environmental conditions

1994 • 27 citations

A rapid fluorescence technique to probe the permeability of the root apoplast

1992 • 27 citations

Effects of growing conditions and development of the underlying exodermis on the vitality of the onion root epidermis

1994 • 25 citations

Wirkung von 2,3,5-Trijodbenzoesaure (TIBA) auf den Calcium-transportund die Kationenaustauschkapazität in Sonnenblumen

1977 • 25 citations

Anatomy of the Legume Nodule Cortex: Species Survey of Suberisation and Intercellular Glycoprotein

1996 • 25 citations

Immunoelectron microscopic localization of calmodulin in corn root cells

1993 • 24 citations

The electrogenic proton pumping from parenchyma symplast into xylem-direct demonstration by xylem perfusion

1985 • 24 citations

Effects of nitrogen limitation on water relations of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) seedlings

1995 • 24 citations

Sulphate and antioxidants in needles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) from three SO₂‐polluted field sites in eastern Germany

1994 • 22 citations

Levels of apoplastic solutes in developing strawberry fruit

1995 • 22 citations

Soluble and Cell Wall-Associated β-Galactosidases from Cold-Grown Winter Rape (Brassica napus L., var. oleifera L.) Leaves

1995 • 22 citations

Early effects of boron deficiency on physical cell wall parameters, hydraulic conductivity and plasmalemma-bound reductase activities in young C. pepo and V. faba roots

1997 • 21 citations

Apoplasmic and Protoplasmic Water Transport through the Parenchyma of the Potato Storage Organ

1997 • 21 citations

Copper Uptake by Ryegrass Seedlings; Contribution of Cell Wall Adsorption

1989 • 21 citations

Interactions of Calcium with Abscisic Acid in the Control of Stomatal Aperture

1990 • 20 citations

Unequal Distribution of Fixed Negative Charges in Isolated Cell Walls of Various Tissues in Primary Leaves of Phaseolus

1986 • 20 citations

A daily rhythmic model for ph and volume from xylem sap of tomato plants

1996 • 20 citations

Bacterial leaf symbiosis in Dioscorea sansibarensis: morphology and ultrastructure of the acuminate leaf glands*

1987 • 19 citations

Misting of Tomato Plants Improves Leaf Water Status but not Leaf Growth

1997 • 18 citations

Effects of manganese deficiency on soluble apoplastic peroxidase activities and lignin content in needles of Norway spruce (Picea abies)

1994 • 18 citations

Untitled

1997 • 18 citations

Changes in elements, pectic substances and organic acids during development of boysenberry fruit

1987 • 16 citations

Carbohydrate solutilization of tomato locule tissue cell walls: Parallels with locule tissue liquefaction during ripening

1997 • 16 citations

The Porosity of Permeabilised Chara Cells

1989 • 15 citations

Einfluß von Stickstoff-Form und- Konzentration und saurer Benebelung auf pH-Veränderungen in der Rhizosphäre von Fichten (Picea abies [L.] Karst.)

1990 • 14 citations

Manganese Oxidation Capacity of Homogenates of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] Leaves Differing in Manganese Tolerance

1990 • 14 citations

Untitled

1997 • 14 citations

X‐ray microanalytical (EDX) investigation of potassium distributions in mesophyll cells of non‐acclimated and cold‐acclimated rye leaves

1992 • 13 citations

Comparison of solute transport in the phloem of the ricinus communis seedling and the adult plant

1989 • 13 citations

Occurrence of Calcium Oxalate Crystals in Non-mycorrhizal Fine Roots of Picea abies (L.) Karst.

1992 • 13 citations

An ESR study of manganese binding in plant tissue.

1993 • 12 citations

Determinations of dye diffusivities in the cell‐wall apoplast of roots by a rapid method

1996 • 12 citations

Derivation of Plant Cell Wall Water Content by Examination of the Water-Holding Capacity of Membrane-Disrupted Tissues10

1989 • 11 citations

Effects of membrane potential and surface potential on the kinetics of solute transport

1985 • 11 citations

The Characteristics of the Adjustment in the pH of the Xylem Exudate of Segments of Vigna Hypocotyls during Xylem Perfusion

1991 • 11 citations

Effects of unstirred layers on the kinetics of carrier-mediated solute transport by two systems

1982 • 11 citations

Nitrogen and sugar concentrations in the xylem exudate of field-grown maize at different growth stages and levels of nitrogen fertilization

1994 • 9 citations

Influence of minerals on cytoplasmic streaming in root hairs of intact wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.)

1993 • 9 citations

Application of Growth Analysis to Trace Element Nutrition: Study of Copper Uptake with a Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda) Cell Suspension Culture

1984 • 8 citations

Das neue Bild der Zellwand

1993 • 8 citations

Control of cell wall plasticity. Relationship to pectin properties.

1989 • 7 citations

Effect of the surface potential upon ion selectivity found in competitive inhibition of divalent cation uptake. A theoretical approach

1984 • 7 citations

The utilization of leaf wax by N₂-fixing micro-organisms on the leaf surface

1986 • 6 citations

Influence of the form and concentration of nitrogen, and acid misting, on pH changes in the rhizosphere of Norway spruce (Picea abies).

1990 • 6 citations

Proton density and apoplastic domains within soybean nodules in relation to the oxygen diffusion barrier

1997 • 6 citations

Leaching from the leaf surface and its significance for apoplastic ion balance

1997 • 5 citations