What is reinforcement sensitivity? Neuroscience paradigms for approach‐avoidance process theories of personality
Data up to Jan 2025
Total Citations Per Year
Abstract
References (150)
An Integrative Theory of Prefrontal Cortex Function
2001 • 11,688 citations
Factor structure of the barratt impulsiveness scale
1995 • 7,247 citations
Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: The BIS/BAS Scales.
1994 • 6,478 citations
Association of Anxiety-Related Traits with a Polymorphism in the Serotonin Transporter Gene Regulatory Region
1996 • 5,154 citations
Predictive Reward Signal of Dopamine Neurons
1998 • 4,446 citations
Handbook of Psychophysiology
2001 • 4,148 citations
The Emotional Brain: The Mysterious Underpinnings of Emotional Life
2004 • 4,130 citations
Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions
1998 • 4,022 citations
A Systematic Method for Clinical Description and Classification of Personality Variants
1987 • 3,661 citations
Affective Neuroscience
1998 • 3,626 citations
The psychology of fear and stress
1988 • 3,188 citations
Serotonin Transporter Genetic Variation and the Response of the Human Amygdala
2002 • 2,332 citations
Allelic Variation of Human Serotonin Transporter Gene Expression
1996 • 2,225 citations
Neurobiology of the structure of personality: Dopamine, facilitation of incentive motivation, and extraversion
1999 • 1,997 citations
Varieties of impulsivity
1999 • 1,967 citations
The Neuropsychology of Anxiety
2003 • 1,928 citations
Sensation seeking in England and America: Cross-cultural, age, and sex comparisons.
1978 • 1,798 citations
Structures of mood and personality and their relevance to assessing anxiety, with an emphasis on self-report.
1985 • 1,620 citations
A contrarian view of the five-factor approach to personality description.
1995 • 1,586 citations
The Emotional Brain: The Mysterious Underpinnings of Emotional Life
1998 • 1,461 citations
Affective Style and Affective Disorders: Perspectives from Affective Neuroscience
1998 • 1,424 citations
Sources of Human Psychological Differences: The Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart
1990 • 1,336 citations
A Critique of Eysenck’s Theory of Personality
1981 • 1,318 citations
Anxiety and the Anxiety Disorders
1990 • 1,309 citations
A two-dimensional neuropsychology of defense: fear/anxiety and defensive distance
2004 • 1,272 citations
The Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ) as a measure of Gray's anxiety and impulsivity dimensions
2001 • 1,250 citations
Approach-avoidance motivation in personality: Approach and avoidance temperaments and goals.
2002 • 1,209 citations
Approach-avoidance motivation in personality: Approach and avoidance temperaments and goals.
2002 • 1,200 citations
A neuropsychological theory of multiple systems in category learning.
1998 • 1,164 citations
Nucleus Accumbens D2/3 Receptors Predict Trait Impulsivity and Cocaine Reinforcement
2007 • 1,157 citations
A unified biosocial theory of personality and its role in the development of anxiety states.
1986 • 1,090 citations
Emotion and Motivation
2009 • 1,030 citations
Neural Responses to Taxation and Voluntary Giving Reveal Motives for Charitable Donations
2007 • 1,006 citations
Behavioral dopamine signals
2007 • 986 citations
Description and Measurement of Personality.
1947 • 980 citations
Human Category Learning
2004 • 914 citations
Personality Dimensions in Nonhuman Animals
1999 • 839 citations
Reinforcement sensitivity theory and personality
2004 • 820 citations
Increased Amygdala and Insula Activation During Emotion Processing in Anxiety-Prone Subjects
2007 • 789 citations
Tryptophan depletion causes a rapid lowering of mood in normal males
1985 • 726 citations
Functional magnetic resonance imaging of reward prediction
2005 • 717 citations
Associative learning mediates dynamic shifts in dopamine signaling in the nucleus accumbens
2007 • 686 citations
The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality
2008 • 668 citations
Action, Emotion, and Personality: Emerging Conceptual Integration
2000 • 667 citations
Genetics of emotional regulation: the role of the serotonin transporter in neural function
2006 • 661 citations
Genes, culture, and personality : an empirical approach
1989 • 656 citations
Negative Affects Deriving From the Behavioral Approach System.
2004 • 651 citations
Catecholamine modulation of prefrontal cortical cognitive function
1998 • 596 citations
The mesolimbic dopamine system : from motivation to action
1991 • 555 citations
METHYLATION PHARMACOGENETICS: Catechol O-Methyltransferase, Thiopurine Methyltransferase, and Histamine N-Methyltransferase
1999 • 541 citations
The personality theories of H.J. Eysenck and J.A. Gray: a comparative review
1999 • 497 citations
The Neural Substrates of Reward Processing in Humans: The Modern Role of fMRI
2004 • 487 citations
Psychiatric Developments
1945 • 475 citations
Frontiers in Catecholamine Research
1976 • 451 citations
Association of the Dopamine D4 Receptor (DRD4) Gene and Approach-Related Personality Traits: Meta-Analysis and New Data
2007 • 437 citations
The Neurobiology of Dopamine Signaling
2004 • 434 citations
Arousal systems and attentional processes
1997 • 427 citations
J. A. Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory: tests of the joint subsystems hypothesis of anxiety and impulsivity
2002 • 415 citations
The New Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory: Implications for Personality Measurement
2006 • 406 citations
The neuropsychology of anxiety
1983 • 383 citations
Multivariate analysis and psychological theory
1973 • 355 citations
Extending animal models of fear conditioning to humans
2006 • 354 citations
The neuropsychiatry of impulsivity
2007 • 353 citations
The Maudsley Reactive and Nonreactive strains of rats: A survey
1975 • 344 citations
Neuroanatomy and neurotransmitter regulation of defensive behaviors and related emotions in mammals.
1994 • 336 citations
The neuroscience of personality
1999 • 317 citations
When Things Are Better or Worse than Expected: The Medial Frontal Cortex and the Allocation of Processing Resources
2006 • 306 citations
Delayed feedback effects on rule-based and information-integration category learning.
2003 • 304 citations
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology
1998 • 303 citations
Application of a behavioral theory of motivation to the concepts of anxiety and impulsivity
1987 • 294 citations
Functional promoter and polyadenylation site mapping of the human serotonin (5-HT) transporter gene
1995 • 294 citations
The neurobiology of human category learning
2001 • 287 citations
The effects of concurrent task interference on category learning: Evidence for multiple category learning systems
2001 • 287 citations
Serotonin and Drug-Induced Therapeutic Responses in Major Depression, Obsessive–Compulsive and Panic Disorders
1999 • 279 citations
Impulsive Personality Predicts Dopamine-Dependent Changes in Frontostriatal Activity during Component Processes of Working Memory
2007 • 276 citations
Individual differences in extraversion and dopamine genetics predict neural reward responses
2005 • 265 citations
Sodium amobarbital, the hippocampal theta rhythm, and the partial reinforcement extinction effect.
1970 • 264 citations
Category learning and multiple memory systems
2004 • 259 citations
The measurement of individual differences in Behavioural Inhibition and Behavioural Activation Systems: a comparison of personality scales
2003 • 257 citations
A Dog's Got Personality: A Cross-Species Comparative Approach to Personality Judgments in Dogs and Humans.
2003 • 246 citations
Gene–gene interaction associated with neural reward sensitivity
2007 • 246 citations
Distinguishing Whether Dopamine Regulates Liking, Wanting, and/or Learning About Rewards.
2005 • 243 citations
Emotional conflict and neuroticism: Personality-dependent activation in the amygdala and subgenual anterior cingulate.
2007 • 240 citations
Error-related ERP components and individual differences in punishment and reward sensitivity
2006 • 238 citations
Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropsychology
2004 • 231 citations
Motivational deficits after brain injury: effects of bromocriptine in 11 patients.
1996 • 223 citations
Biology of Personality and Individual Differences
2006 • 198 citations
The Scientific Study of Human Nature: Tribute to Hans J. Eysenck at eighty
1998 • 190 citations
Relations of serotonin function to personality: Current views and a key methodological issue
2006 • 180 citations
Stop signal response inhibition is not modulated by tryptophan depletion or the serotonin transporter polymorphism in healthy volunteers: implications for the 5-HT theory of impulsivity
2005 • 175 citations
Amphetamine Modulates Human Incentive Processing
2004 • 171 citations
Molecular genetics support Gray's personality theory: the interaction of COMT and DRD2 polymorphisms predicts the behavioural approach system
2005 • 166 citations
Investigating the dopaminergic basis of extraversion in humans: A multilevel approach.
2006 • 158 citations
Individual differences in threat sensitivity predict serotonergic modulation of amygdala response to fearful faces
2005 • 157 citations
Behavioral Inhibition System activity is associated with increased amygdala and hippocampal gray matter volume: A voxel-based morphometry study
2006 • 148 citations
Impulsivity: a review.
2006 • 146 citations
The acute effects of d-amphetamine and methamphetamine on attention and psychomotor performance
2006 • 135 citations
Association Between Amygdala Volume and Anxiety Level: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Study in Autistic Children
2006 • 133 citations
Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) personality predicts behavior
2004 • 121 citations
Dopamine, appetitive reinforcement, and the neuropsychology of human learning: An individual differences approach
2001 • 113 citations
The Neuropsychology of Impulsive Antisocial Sensation Seeking Personality Traits: From Dopamine to Hippocampal Function?
2004 • 111 citations
The mesolimbic dopamine system: From motivation to action
1992 • 111 citations
Impulsivity and chronic stress are associated with amphetamine-induced striatal dopamine release
2007 • 108 citations
Repeated intermittent administration of psychomotor stimulant drugs alters the acquisition of Pavlovian approach behavior in rats: differential effects of cocaine, d-amphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (“ecstasy”)
2001 • 107 citations
Reward sensitivity in impulsivity
2004 • 101 citations
The assessment of behavioural activation––the relationship between impulsivity and behavioural activation
2003 • 100 citations
An ethoexperimental analysis of defense, fear, and anxiety.
1990 • 100 citations
Individual differences in reactions to reinforcing stimuli are neither black nor white: To what extent are they Gray?
1997 • 92 citations
A psychometric evaluation of behavioral inhibition and approach self-report measures
2006 • 84 citations
Personality and Emotion: Test of Gray's Personality Theory by Means of an fMRI Study.
2004 • 80 citations
Personality, punishment, and procedural learning: A test of J. A. Gray's anxiety theory.
1997 • 80 citations
Personality and the Subjective Effects of Acute Amphetamine in Healthy Volunteers
2005 • 79 citations
PROBLEMS IN THE STUDY OF GENERAL TYPES OF HIGHER NERVOUS ACTIVITY IN MAN AND ANIMALS
1964 • 74 citations
Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory: a critique from cognitive science
2008 • 72 citations
Personality and Conditioning
1981 • 72 citations
Individual differences and the neural representations of reward expectation and reward prediction error
2006 • 71 citations
Role for the Mesocortical Dopamine System in the Motivating Effects of Cocaine
1994 • 69 citations
Individual differences in mood reactions to d-amphetamine: a test of three personality factors
2000 • 67 citations
Formal and computational models of Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory
2008 • 67 citations
The influence of smoking on reward responsiveness and cognitive functions: a natural experiment
1997 • 66 citations
Personality, punishment, and procedural learning: A test of J. A. Gray's anxiety theory.
1997 • 65 citations
Impulsiveness as the intermediate link between the dopamine receptor D2 gene and alcohol dependence
2003 • 61 citations
The effects of escalating doses of smoked cocaine in humans
2003 • 60 citations
The Conceptual Nervous System and Personality
1997 • 59 citations
Distinguishing Between Learning and Motivation in Behavioral Tests of the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality
2007 • 55 citations
The behavioural activation system: challenges and opportunities
2008 • 54 citations
J.A. Gray's Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) of Personality
2008 • 53 citations
Interaction of serotonergic and noradrenergic gene variants in panic disorder
2006 • 53 citations
Behavioral inhibition: A neurobiological perspective
2006 • 48 citations
Fear and Anxiety: Possible Roles of the Amygdala and Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis
1998 • 46 citations
Sexually dimorphic link between dopamine D2 receptor gene and neuroticism-anxiety
2005 • 38 citations
Understanding Biological Psychology
2006 • 31 citations
Dopamine agonist and antagonist responders as related to types of nicotine craving and facets of extraversion
2002 • 30 citations
An item response theory analysis of the Carver and White (1994) BIS/BAS Scales
2005 • 28 citations
Current approaches to the pharmacologic treatment of anxiety disorders.
2007 • 27 citations
Theoretical and experimental bases of the behaviour therapies
1976 • 24 citations
A Trait Conceptualization of Reward-Reactivity
2008 • 17 citations
Amphetamine and cocaine on amine turnover
1974 • 17 citations
Evidence for a dopaminergic link between working memory and agentic extraversion: An analysis of load-related changes in EEG alpha 1 activity
2006 • 16 citations
Neurobiological Mechanisms Underlying the Acquisition and Expression of Incentive Motivation by Cocaine-Associated Stimuli: Relationship to Craving
1994 • 14 citations
Extraversion and the Dopamine Hypothesis
2004 • 13 citations
AMPHETAMINE AND COCAINE ON AMINE TURNOVER**Supported by C.N.R. grant 71.00849.04.115.2380
1973 • 13 citations
Amphetamines and cocaine on amine turnover
1973 • 9 citations
Temperamental traits in mice (I): Factor structure
2007 • 9 citations
[The place of amisulpride in the atypical neuroleptic class].
1996 • 5 citations
Individual differences in conditioned reward: The observing procedure
2006 • 5 citations
Place de l'amisulpride dans la classe des neuroleptiques atypiques
1996 • 2 citations
Neurobiological Models for Evaluating Mechanisms Underlying Cocaine Addiction: NIDA Research Monograph 145
1994 • 2 citations
[Is it time for revision of the section on obsessive-compulsive disorder in the Guideline on Anxiety Disorders?].
2007 • 1 citations
Deleted Work
1955 • 0 citations