Why do cancers have high aerobic glycolysis?

A genetic model for colorectal tumorigenesis

1990 • 11,800 citations

Patterns and Emerging Mechanisms of the Angiogenic Switch during Tumorigenesis

1996 • 6,878 citations

Targeting HIF-1 for cancer therapy

2003 • 6,321 citations

Role of HIF-1α in hypoxia-mediated apoptosis, cell proliferation and tumour angiogenesis

1998 • 2,427 citations

Hypoxia-mediated selection of cells with diminished apoptotic potential in solid tumours

1996 • 2,304 citations

The Histological Structure of Some Human Lung Cancers and the Possible Implications for Radiotherapy

1955 • 2,174 citations

Molecular imaging of cancer with positron emission tomography

2002 • 1,599 citations

Interstitial pH and pO2 gradients in solid tumors in vivo: High-resolution measurements reveal a lack of correlation

1997 • 1,590 citations

The number and distribution of capillaries in muscles with calculations of the oxygen pressure head necessary for supplying the tissue

1919 • 1,388 citations

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1: master regulator of O2 homeostasis

1998 • 1,066 citations

Radiation activates HIF-1 to regulate vascular radiosensitivity in tumors

2004 • 950 citations

Signal transduction to hypoxia-inducible factor 1

2002 • 843 citations

Deregulation of Glucose Transporter 1 and Glycolytic Gene Expression by c-Myc

2000 • 816 citations

Metastasis genes: A progression puzzle

2002 • 793 citations

High lactate levels predict likelihood of metastases, tumor recurrence, and restricted patient survival in human cervical cancers.

2000 • 786 citations

Hypoxia-inducible Factor 1 Activation by Aerobic Glycolysis Implicates the Warburg Effect in Carcinogenesis

2002 • 785 citations

Regulation of glut1 mRNA by Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1

2001 • 704 citations

Intravascular origin of metastasis from the proliferation of endothelium-attached tumor cells: a new model for metastasis

2000 • 695 citations

Transcription Factor HIF-1 Is a Necessary Mediator of the Pasteur Effect in Mammalian Cells

2001 • 602 citations

A reaction-diffusion model of cancer invasion.

1996 • 579 citations

Biologic Correlates of 18Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake in Human Breast Cancer Measured by Positron Emission Tomography

2002 • 536 citations

Elevated tumor lactate concentrations predict for an increased risk of metastases in head-and-neck cancer

2001 • 534 citations

MRI of the tumor microenvironment

2002 • 530 citations

Acidic pH enhances the invasive behavior of human melanoma cells

1996 • 484 citations

Metabolic Pathway Analysis: Basic Concepts and Scientific Applications in the Post-genomic Era

1999 • 389 citations

Overexpression of Glut‐1 and increased glucose metabolism in tumors are associated with a poor prognosis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma

2003 • 379 citations

Fluctuations in red cell flux in tumor microvessels can lead to transient hypoxia and reoxygenation in tumor parenchyma.

1996 • 365 citations

Pericellular pH affects distribution and secretion of cathepsin B in malignant cells.

1994 • 360 citations

Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger‐dependent intracellular alkalinization is an early event in malignant transformation and plays an essential role in the development of subsequent transformation‐associated phenotypes

2000 • 358 citations

The redox protein thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) increases hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha protein expression: Trx-1 overexpression results in increased vascular endothelial growth factor production and enhanced tumor angiogenesis.

2002 • 343 citations

Positron Emission Tomography Scanning: Current and Future Applications

2002 • 330 citations

An evolutionary model of carcinogenesis.

2003 • 326 citations

Biologic Correlates of ¹⁸Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake in Human Breast Cancer Measured by Positron Emission Tomography

2002 • 306 citations

Vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPases are functionally expressed in plasma membranes of human tumor cells

1993 • 289 citations

Contributions of Cell Metabolism and H+ Diffusion to the Acidic pH of Tumors

2003 • 250 citations

Cell acidification in apoptosis: granulocyte colony-stimulating factor delays programmed cell death in neutrophils by up-regulating the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase.

1995 • 248 citations

Expression of the Hypoxia-Inducible and Tumor-Associated Carbonic Anhydrases in Ductal Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast

2001 • 247 citations

Aberrant glycolytic metabolism of cancer cells: a remarkable coordination of genetic, transcriptional, post-translational, and mutational events that lead to a critical role for type II hexokinase.

1997 • 244 citations

Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α and the Glycolytic Phenotype in Tumors

2005 • 239 citations

Microenvironmental and cellular consequences of altered blood flow in tumours

2003 • 235 citations

Glucose Catabolism in Cancer Cells

1997 • 228 citations

Evaluation of 18F‐2‐deoxy‐2‐fluoro‐<scp>d</scp>‐glucose Positron Emission Tomography for Gastric Cancer

2004 • 222 citations

The Warburg hypothesis fifty years later

1976 • 218 citations

Clastogenicity of low pH to various cultured mammalian cells

1992 • 210 citations

Multivoxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy of brain tumors.

2003 • 201 citations

‘The Metabolism of Tumours’: 70 Years Later

2001 • 201 citations

Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 Regulates Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Human Pancreatic Cancer

2003 • 196 citations

An acidic environment leads to p53 dependent induction of apoptosis in human adenoma and carcinoma cell lines: implications for clonal selection during colorectal carcinogenesis

1999 • 192 citations

Role of intracellular pH in proliferation, transformation, and apoptosis.

1997 • 191 citations

Malignant gliomas display altered pH regulation by NHE1 compared with nontransformed astrocytes

2000 • 189 citations

18F-FDG PET detection of colonic adenomas.

2001 • 186 citations

Acidic environment causes apoptosis by increasing caspase activity

1999 • 184 citations

Breast cancer cells have a high capacity to acidify extracellular milieu by a dual mechanism.

1997 • 178 citations

Glucose starvation and acidosis: effect on experimental metastatic potential, DNA content and MTX resistance of murine tumour cells

1991 • 168 citations

Microvascular studies on the origins of perfusion-limited hypoxia.

1996 • 162 citations

Role for glucose transporter 1 protein in human breast cancer

1998 • 150 citations

Relevance of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) in Oncology

1999 • 149 citations

Aerobic glycolysis by proliferating cells: protection against oxidative stress at the expense of energy yield.

1997 • 146 citations

Hexokinase II and VEGF expression in liver tumors: correlation with hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and its significance

2003 • 140 citations

Glucose Metabolism in Cancer

2003 • 137 citations

History of the Pasteur effect and its pathobiology

1974 • 131 citations

Combined vascular and extracellular pH imaging of solid tumors

2002 • 131 citations

Overexpression of the human erythrocyte glucose transporter occurs as a late event in human colorectal carcinogenesis and is associated with an increased incidence of lymph node metastases.

1996 • 131 citations

Hypoxia-induced metastasis of human melanoma cells: involvement of vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated angiogenesis

1999 • 130 citations

Fourier analysis of fluctuations of oxygen tension and blood flow in R3230Ac tumors and muscle in rats

1999 • 125 citations

Intravascular Location of Breast Cancer Cells after Spontaneous Metastasis to the Lung

2002 • 124 citations

Oncogenes in tumor metabolism, tumorigenesis, and apoptosis.

1997 • 120 citations

Tumorigenic 3T3 cells maintain an alkaline intracellular pH under physiological conditions.

1990 • 119 citations

Physiological noise in murine solid tumours using T2*-weighted gradient-echo imaging: a marker of tumour acute hypoxia?

2004 • 111 citations

Fluctuations in microvascular blood flow parameters caused by hemodynamic mechanisms

1994 • 103 citations

MRI and fluorescence microscopy of the acute vascular response to VEGF165: vasodilation, hyper‐permeability and lymphatic uptake, followed by rapid inactivation of the growth factor

2002 • 101 citations

Using Positron Emission Tomography with [18F]FDG to Predict Tumor Behavior in Experimental Colorectal Cancer

2001 • 100 citations

Determination of local oxygen consumption rates in tumors.

1994 • 100 citations

Glut1 expression in T1 and T2 stage colorectal carcinomas

2001 • 99 citations

Oxygen-mediated Regulation of Tumor Cell Invasiveness

2002 • 95 citations

Heterogeneity of intracellular pH and of mechanisms that regulate intracellular pH in populations of cultured cells.

1998 • 95 citations

Theoretical Simulation of Oxygen Transport to Tumors by Three-Dimensional Networks of Microvessels

1998 • 95 citations

Vascular Morphogenesis and Remodeling in a Human Tumor Xenograft

2001 • 92 citations

Relationship of MR-Derived Lactate, Mobile Lipids, and Relative Blood Volume for Gliomas in Vivo

2005 • 87 citations

Intracellular pH is increased after transformation of Chinese hamster embryo fibroblasts.

1987 • 82 citations

Glycolysis and glucose transporter 1 as markers of response to hormonal therapy in breast cancer

2003 • 80 citations

PET in clinical oncology

1988 • 80 citations

Why Are Cancers Acidic? A Carrier‐Mediated Diffusion Model for H ⁺ Transport in the Interstitial Fluid

2001 • 72 citations

Optimum fiber spacing in a hollow fiber bioreactor

1988 • 71 citations

Coexpression of Glucose Transporter 1 and Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 in Human Cancers

2002 • 66 citations

Hypoxia Increases Heparanase-Dependent Tumor Cell Invasion, Which Can Be Inhibited by Antiheparanase Antibodies

2004 • 64 citations

Nitric oxide‐mediated regulation of hypoxia‐induced B16F10 melanoma metastasis

2003 • 61 citations

Dynamic Remodeling of the Vascular Bed Precedes Tumor Growth: MLS Ovarian Carcinoma Spheroids Implanted in Nude Mice

1999 • 60 citations

Hypoxia arrests ovarian carcinoma cell cycle progression, but invasion is unaffected.

1996 • 60 citations

Endothelin-1 Is a Critical Mediator of Myogenic Tone in Tumor Arterioles

2004 • 59 citations

The possible role of postoperative azotemia in enhanced survival of patients with metastatic renal cancer after cytoreductive nephrectomy.

2002 • 54 citations

pH, Hypoxia and Metastasis

2001 • 48 citations

Two-compartment model for determination of glycolytic rates of solid tumors byin vivo13C NMR spectroscopy

1998 • 35 citations

Human erythrocyte glucose transporter (Glut1) is immunohistochemically detected as a late event during malignant progression in Barrett's metaplasia.

1997 • 30 citations

Expression of facilitative glucose transporter 1 mRNA in colon cancer was not regulated by k-ras

2000 • 30 citations

Modification of gap junctional intercellular communication by changes in extracellular pH in Syrian hamster embryo cells

1990 • 27 citations