Cytokines in Parkinson’s disease

A Rapid and Sensitive Method for the Quantitation of Microgram Quantities of Protein Utilizing the Principle of Protein-Dye Binding

1976 • 225,752 citations

The Fas Death Factor

1995 • 4,070 citations

Reactive microglia are positive for HLA‐DR in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease brains

1988 • 2,754 citations

The inflammatory response system of brain: implications for therapy of Alzheimer and other neurodegenerative diseases

1995 • 1,290 citations

Protection from Fas-Mediated Apoptosis by a Soluble Form of the Fas Molecule

1994 • 1,120 citations

Interleukin-1 regulates synthesis of nerve growth factor in non-neuronal cells of rat sciatic nerve

1987 • 1,000 citations

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) increases both in the brain and in the cerebrospinal fluid from parkinsonian patients

1994 • 923 citations

Tumor Necrosis Factor-α

1997 • 864 citations

Interleukin-1 Stimulation of Astroglial Proliferation After Brain Injury

1985 • 855 citations

Tumor necrosis factor identified in multiple sclerosis brain.

1989 • 793 citations

Interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-α are elevated in the brain from parkinsonian patients

1994 • 788 citations

Interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 are elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer's and de novo Parkinson's disease patients

1995 • 758 citations

Immunocytochemical analysis of tumor necrosis factor and its receptors in Parkinson's disease

1994 • 576 citations

Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and transforming growth factor-α levels are elevated in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid in juvenile parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease

1996 • 518 citations

Histochemical detection of apoptosis in Parkinson's disease

1996 • 448 citations

Effect of bcl-2 on Fas antigen-mediated cell death.

1993 • 442 citations

Brain-derived growth factor and nerve growth factor concentrations are decreased in the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease

1999 • 382 citations

Nerve growth factor in Alzheimer's disease: increased levels throughout the brain coupled with declines in nucleus basalis

1995 • 265 citations

Fibroblast growth factors stimulate nerve growth factor synthesis and secretion by astrocytes

1991 • 245 citations

Cytokine indices in Alzheimer's temporal cortex: no changes in mature IL-1β or IL-1RA but increases in the associated acute phase proteins IL-6, α2-macroglobulin and C-reactive protein

1993 • 243 citations

Induction of apoptosis in catecholaminergic PC12 cells by L-DOPA. Implications for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

1995 • 241 citations

Transforming growth factor-β1 levels are elevated in the striatum and in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid in Parkinson's disease

1995 • 162 citations

TGFβ1 and TGFβ2 Concentrations Are Elevated in Parkinson's Disease in Ventricular Cerebrospinal Fluid

1996 • 151 citations

Tumor necrosis factor-α enhances interferon-γ-mediated class II antigen expression on astrocytes

1989 • 118 citations

bcl-2 Protein is increased in the brain from parkinsonian patients

1996 • 108 citations

Differential expression and regulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) products in neural and glial cells of the human fetal brain

1988 • 104 citations

Brain β2-microglobulin levels are elevated in the striatum in Parkinson's diseaselevels are elevated in the striatum in Parkinson's disease

1995 • 102 citations

The soluble form of Fas molecule is elevated in parkinsonian brain tissues

1996 • 101 citations

Upregulation of the Anti-apoptotic Protein Bcl-2 May Be an Early Event in Neurodegeneration: Studies on Parkinson's and Incidental Lewy Body Disease

1997 • 89 citations

Levodopa induces apoptosis in cultured neuronal cells—A possible accelerator of nigrostriatal degeneration in Parkinson's disease?

1997 • 89 citations

Homospecific activity (activity per enzyme protein) of tyrosine hydroxylase increases in parkinsonian brain

1988 • 88 citations

Interleukin-2 but not basic fibroblast growth factor is elevated in parkinsonian brain

1996 • 79 citations

Increase in level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned striatum in rats without influence of systemic l-DOPA on the TNF-α induction

1999 • 75 citations

Effects of repeated systemic administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to mice on interleukin-1β and nerve growth factor in the striatum

1998 • 68 citations

Cyclosporin A Attenuates the Decrease in Tyrosine Hydroxylase Immunoreactivity in Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurons and in Striatal Dopamine Content in Rats with Intrastriatal Injection of 6-Hydroxydopamine

1997 • 55 citations

Significant Behavioral Recovery in Parkinson's Disease Model by Direct Intracerebral Gene Transfer Using Continuous Injection of a Plasmid DNA–Liposome Complex

1998 • 55 citations

Cytokines in Parkinson’s Disease

1998 • 51 citations

Detection of inactive or less active forms of tyrosine hydroxylase in human adrenals by a sandwich enzyme immunoassay

1984 • 51 citations

The Neuroregulatory Properties of L-DOPA. A Review of the Evidence and Potential Role in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease

1997 • 46 citations

The immunological status in Parkinson's disease.

1991 • 34 citations

Parkinsonʼs disease

1996 • 27 citations

β2-microglobulin decrease in cerebrospinal fluid from parkinsonian patients

1989 • 25 citations

Monokines, lymphokines, and the brain.

1989 • 23 citations