What is cognitive reserve? Theory and research application of the reserve concept

Physical basis of cognitive alterations in alzheimer's disease: Synapse loss is the major correlate of cognitive impairment

1991 • 4,120 citations

Running increases cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the adult mouse dentate gyrus

1999 • 3,805 citations

More hippocampal neurons in adult mice living in an enriched environment

1997 • 3,476 citations

Synapse loss in frontal cortex biopsies in Alzheimer's disease: Correlation with cognitive severity

1990 • 2,131 citations

Influence of Education and Occupation on the Incidence of Alzheimer's Disease

1994 • 1,373 citations

Neurogenesis in the Neocortex of Adult Primates

1999 • 1,268 citations

Education and the prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease

1993 • 1,154 citations

Anatomical correlates of the distribution of the pathological changes in the neocortex in Alzheimer disease.

1985 • 979 citations

The prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in Shanghai, China: Impact of age, gender, and education

1990 • 977 citations

Linguistic ability in early life and cognitive function and Alzheimer's disease in late life. Findings from the Nun Study

1996 • 817 citations

Brain reserve capacity on symptom onset after brain injury: A formulation and review of evidence for threshold theory.

1993 • 809 citations

Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia: association with education. The Rotterdam study

1995 • 786 citations

Use it or lose it: Engaged lifestyle as a buffer of cognitive decline in aging?

1999 • 780 citations

Regional pattern of degeneration in Alzheimer's disease: neuronal loss and histopathological grading

1981 • 567 citations

Load-Dependent Roles of Frontal Brain Regions in the Maintenance of Working Memory

1999 • 555 citations

Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias in an elderly urban population

1991 • 527 citations

Rate of memory decline in AD is related to education and occupation

1999 • 515 citations

Predictors of cognitive change in older persons: MacArthur studies of successful aging.

1995 • 467 citations

Inverse relationship between education and parietotemporal perfusion deficit in Alzheimer's disease

1992 • 461 citations

Development of dementing illnesses in an 80‐year‐old volunteer cohort

1989 • 454 citations

Quantitative morphology and regional and laminar distributions of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease

1985 • 414 citations

Social and Leisure Activities and Risk of Dementia: A Prospective Longitudinal Study

1995 • 409 citations

Cortical abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease

1984 • 378 citations

Association of premorbid intellectual function with cerebral metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: implications for the cognitive reserve hypothesis

1997 • 323 citations

Level of education and change in cognitive function in a community population of older persons

1993 • 317 citations

A quantitative dendritic analysis of wernicke's area in humans. II. Gender, hemispheric, and environmental factors

1993 • 298 citations

Childhood mental ability and dementia

2000 • 277 citations

Relationship between lifetime occupation and parietal flow

1995 • 277 citations

Prevalence of clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease and other dementing disorders

1990 • 268 citations

Compensatory reallocation of brain resources supporting verbal episodic memory in Alzheimer's disease

1996 • 242 citations

Increased risk of mortality in alzheimer's disease patients with more advanced educational and occupational attainment

1995 • 242 citations

Effect of literacy on neuropsychological test performance in nondemented, education-matched elders

1999 • 242 citations

Prevalence of severe dementia in Finland

1985 • 234 citations

Incidence of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease in Elderly Community Residents of South-Western France

1994 • 231 citations

Enriching heredity: the impact of the environment on the anatomy of the brain

1989 • 224 citations

The effect of education on the incidence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in the Framingham Study

1995 • 220 citations

A Case-Control Study of Alzheimer's Disease in Japan – Significance of Life-Styles

1994 • 218 citations

Estimation of Premorbid Intelligence in Spanish People with the Word Accentuation Test and Its Application to the Diagnosis of Dementia

1997 • 213 citations

An association between head circumference and Alzheimer's disease in a population-based study of aging and dementia

1997 • 206 citations

Education and other socioeconomic determinants of dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

1993 • 202 citations

Methodological issues in screening for dementia: The problem of education adjustment

1986 • 197 citations

Education and change in cognitive function

1995 • 196 citations

Incidence and relative risk of dementia in an urban elderly population: findings of a prospective field study

1994 • 178 citations

Premorbid brain size as a determinant of reserve capacity against intellectual decline in Alzheimer's disease

1997 • 166 citations

Influence of Cognitive Reserve on Neuropsychological Functioning in Asymptomatic Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Infection

1996 • 161 citations

Low Education as a Possible Risk Factor for Cognitive Abnormalities in HIV-1

1993 • 155 citations

Age, Education, and Changes in the Mini‐Mental State Exam Scores of Older Women: Findings from the Nun Study

1996 • 154 citations

Association of education with incidence of cognitive impairment in three established populations for epidemiologic studies of the elderly

1994 • 154 citations

Relationship of Age, Education, and Occupation With Dementia Among a Community-Based Sample of African Americans

1996 • 151 citations

Risk Factors for Dementia in Parkinson's Disease: Effect of Education

1995 • 143 citations

Head Circumference as a Measure of Cognitive Reserve

1996 • 142 citations

Prevalence of dementia in an elderly rural population: effects of age, sex, and education.

1996 • 139 citations

Lack of association between Alzheimer's disease and education, occupation, marital status, or living arrangement

1992 • 137 citations

The APOE ∍4 allele Is Associated with Decline on Delayed Recall Performance in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults

1998 • 127 citations

Effect of task difficulty on cerebral blood flow during perceptual matching of faces

1996 • 124 citations

Different brain networks mediate task performance in normal aging and AD

2000 • 118 citations

Cerebral perfusion as a diagnostic marker of early Alzheimer's disease

1988 • 117 citations

EDUCATION, SURVIVAL, AND INDEPENDENCE IN ELDERLY CATHOLIC SISTERS, 1936-1988

1989 • 112 citations

Etiology of dementia of Alzheimer's type

1989 • 111 citations

The association between educational attainment and mental status examinations: Of etiologic significance for senile dementias or not?

1986 • 97 citations

Reading ability, education, and cognitive status assessment among older adults in Harlem, New York City.

1999 • 94 citations

Education and Occupation as Risk Factors for Dementias of the Alzheimer and Ischemic Vascular Types

1995 • 92 citations

Activation of cerebral blood flow during a visuoperceptual task in patients with Alzheimer-type dementia

1993 • 91 citations

Effects of Task Difficulty on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow: Relationships with Anxiety and Performance

1988 • 86 citations

Functional status, education, and the diagnosis of dementia in the Shanghai survey

1993 • 86 citations

Estimated Premorbid Intelligence Mediates Neurobehavioral Change in Individuals Infected with HIV across 12 Months

2000 • 81 citations

Depressive Symptoms and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease in More Highly Educated Older People

2000 • 77 citations

Chapter 26 Reduced neuronal activity and reactivation in Alzheimer's disease

1998 • 74 citations

Factors associated with neuropsychological performance in HIV-seropositive subjects without AIDS

2000 • 70 citations

Increased risk of mortality in Alzheimer's disease patients with higher education? A replication study

1997 • 57 citations

Cognitive reserve and mortality in dementia: the role of cognition, functional ability and depression

1999 • 53 citations

Functional Connectivity in Auditory–Verbal Short-Term Memory in Alzheimer's Disease

1996 • 47 citations

Early neuropsychological impairment in HIV‐seropositive intravenous drug users: evidence from the Italian Multicentre Neuropsychological HIV Study

1998 • 44 citations

Reductions in parietal and temporal cerebral metabolic rates for glucose are not specific for Alzheimer's disease.

1993 • 42 citations

Relative Rates of Dementia By Multiple Case Definitions, Over Two Prevalence Periods, In Three Sociocultural Groups

1995 • 37 citations

Epidemiology of dementia in Ashkelon

2003 • 31 citations

Risikofaktoren der Alzheimer-Demenz

1996 • 14 citations