Non-invasive measurement of perfusion: a critical review of arterial spin labelling techniques

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1990 • 6,189 citations

JUNCTIONAL COMPLEXES IN VARIOUS EPITHELIA

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THE NITROUS OXIDE METHOD FOR THE QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW IN MAN: THEORY, PROCEDURE AND NORMAL VALUES 1

1948 • 2,051 citations

The theory and applications of the exchange of inert gas at the lungs and tissues.

1951 • 1,620 citations

High resolution measurement of cerebral blood flow using intravascular tracer bolus passages. Part I: Mathematical approach and statistical analysis

1996 • 1,510 citations

Perfusion imaging

1992 • 1,497 citations

Magnetic resonance imaging of perfusion using spin inversion of arterial water.

1992 • 1,497 citations

Magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) and tissue water proton relaxation in vivo

1989 • 1,430 citations

On the Theory of the Indicator-Dilution Method for Measurement of Blood Flow and Volume

1954 • 1,265 citations

A general kinetic model for quantitative perfusion imaging with arterial spin labeling

1998 • 1,168 citations

Nonlinear Responses in fMRI: The Balloon Model, Volterra Kernels, and Other Hemodynamics

2000 • 1,122 citations

Quantification of relative cerebral blood flow change by flow‐sensitive alternating inversion recovery (FAIR) technique: Application to functional mapping

1995 • 1,002 citations

Mr contrast due to intravascular magnetic susceptibility perturbations

1995 • 991 citations

Quantitative interpretation of magnetization transfer

1993 • 708 citations

What is the Correct Value for the Brain-Blood Partition Coefficient for Water?

1985 • 693 citations

Quantitative imaging of perfusion using a single subtraction (QUIPSS and QUIPSS II)

1998 • 682 citations

Qualitative mapping of cerebral blood flow and functional localization with echo-planar MR imaging and signal targeting with alternating radio frequency.

1994 • 651 citations

Implementation of quantitative perfusion imaging techniques for functional brain mapping using pulsed arterial spin labeling

1997 • 593 citations

Comparative Overview of Brain Perfusion Imaging Techniques

2005 • 573 citations

QUIPSS II with thin-slice TI1 periodic saturation: A method for improving accuracy of quantitative perfusion imaging using pulsed arterial spin labeling

1999 • 495 citations

Magnetic Resonance Perfusion Imaging in Acute Ischemic Stroke Using Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling

2000 • 485 citations

Mr perfusion studies with t₁‐weighted echo planar imaging

1995 • 473 citations

Methodology of brain perfusion imaging

2001 • 410 citations

Multisection cerebral blood flow MR imaging with continuous arterial spin labeling.

1998 • 409 citations

Experimental Design and the Relative Sensitivity of BOLD and Perfusion fMRI

2002 • 401 citations

Selective spin inversion in nuclear magnetic resonance and coherent optics through an exact solution of the Bloch-Riccati equation

1985 • 391 citations

Quantification of Blood Flow in Brain Tumors: Comparison of Arterial Spin Labeling and Dynamic Susceptibility-weighted Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging

2003 • 364 citations

Localized cerebral blood flow response at submillimeter columnar resolution

2001 • 343 citations

Tissue specific perfusion imaging using arterial spin labeling

1994 • 328 citations

Arterial spin labeling perfusion fMRI with very low task frequency

2003 • 317 citations

H215O PET validation of steady-state arterial spin tagging cerebral blood flow measurements in humans

2000 • 312 citations

Model‐free arterial spin labeling quantification approach for perfusion MRI

2006 • 296 citations

Correction for vascular artifacts in cerebral blood flow values measured by using arterial spin tagging techniques

1997 • 295 citations

Projection angiograms of blood labeled by adiabatic fast passage

1986 • 292 citations

Technical aspects and utility of fMRI using BOLD and ASL

2002 • 279 citations

Anchoring of aquaporin-4 in brain: Molecular mechanisms and implications for the physiology and pathophysiology of water transport

2004 • 259 citations

Arterial transit time imaging with flow encoding arterial spin tagging (FEAST)

2003 • 259 citations

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and BOLD Responses in Conscious and Anesthetized Rats under Basal and Hypercapnic Conditions: Implications for Functional MRI Studies

2003 • 253 citations

Perfusion Imaging Using Arterial Spin Labeling

2004 • 251 citations

Discrepancies between BOLD and flow dynamics in primary and supplementary motor areas: application of the balloon model to the interpretation of BOLD transients

2003 • 250 citations

Pediatric perfusion imaging using pulsed arterial spin labeling

2003 • 237 citations

Arterial spin labeling in combination with a look‐locker sampling strategy: Inflow turbo‐sampling EPI‐FAIR (ITS‐FAIR)

2001 • 225 citations

Comparison of blood oxygenattion and cerebral blood flow effect in fMRI: Estimation of relative oxygen consumption change

1997 • 222 citations

Noninvasive MRI evaluation of cerebral blood flow in cerebrovascular disease

1998 • 207 citations

Frequency offset corrected inversion (FOCI) pulses for use in localized spectroscopy

1996 • 200 citations

Models of Brain Function in Neuroimaging

2004 • 191 citations

Cerebral perfusion and arterial transit time changes during task activation determined with continuous arterial spin labeling

2000 • 168 citations

Sustained Poststimulus Elevation in Cerebral Oxygen Utilization after Vascular Recovery

2004 • 161 citations

Flow Territory Mapping of the Cerebral Arteries With Regional Perfusion MRI

2004 • 161 citations

NMR Measurement of Perfusion Using Arterial Spin Labeling Without Saturation of Macromolecular Spins

1995 • 161 citations

Multislice imaging of quantitative cerebral perfusion with pulsed arterial spin labeling

1998 • 159 citations

Multi‐Slice MRI of Rat Brain Perfusion During Amphetamine Stimulation Using Arterial Spin Labeling

1995 • 157 citations

Pulsed star labeling of arterial regions (PULSAR): A robust regional perfusion technique for high field imaging

2004 • 152 citations

Multislice perfusion and perfusion territory imaging in humans with separate label and image coils

1999 • 147 citations

Measurement of rat brain perfusion by NMR using spin labeling of arterial water: In vivo determination of the degree of spin labeling

1993 • 142 citations

Early changes in water diffusion, perfusion, T1, and T2 during focal cerebral ischemia in the rat studied at 8.5 T

1999 • 140 citations

MR perfusion imaging of pulmonary parenchyma using pulsed arterial spin labeling techniques: FAIRER and FAIR

1999 • 139 citations

Imaging oxygen consumption in forepaw somatosensory stimulation in rats under isoflurane anesthesia

2004 • 137 citations

MR perfusion imaging of pulmonary parenchyma using pulsed arterial spin labeling techniques: FAIRER and FAIR

1999 • 129 citations

Simultaneous recording of task-induced changes in blood oxygenation, volume, and flow using diffuse optical imaging and arterial spin-labeling MRI

2005 • 126 citations

Noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of cerebral blood flow with acetazolamide challenge in patients with cerebrovascular stenosis

1999 • 126 citations

Precision of the CASL‐perfusion MRI technique for the measurement of cerebral blood flow in whole brain and vascular territories

2003 • 125 citations

Functional MRI of the kidney

2003 • 125 citations

In Vivo quantitative mapping of cardiac perfusion in rats using a noninvasive MR spin‐labeling method

1998 • 122 citations

Comparative Overview of Brain Perfusion Imaging Techniques

2005 • 117 citations

Transit time, trailing time, and cerebral blood flow during brain activation: Measurement using multislice, pulsed spin-labeling perfusion imaging

2000 • 116 citations

Arterial spin labeling blood flow magnetic resonance imaging for the characterization of metastatic renal cell carcinoma1

2005 • 114 citations

Two-Compartment Exchange Model for Perfusion Quantification Using Arterial Spin Tagging

2001 • 113 citations

Sickle Cell Disease: Continuous Arterial Spin-labeling Perfusion MR Imaging in Children

2003 • 111 citations

Whole‐brain 3D perfusion MRI at 3.0 T using CASL with a separate labeling coil

2004 • 109 citations

Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of perfusion using magnetic labeling of water proton spins within the detection slice

1996 • 109 citations

In vivo flow territory mapping of major brain feeding arteries

2005 • 105 citations

Imaging blood flow in brain tumors using arterial spin labeling

2000 • 105 citations

Effect of restricted water exchange on cerebral blood flow values calculated with arterial spin tagging: A theoretical investigation

2000 • 102 citations

Multi-slice perfusion-based functional MRI using the FAIR technique: comparison of CBF and BOLD effects

1997 • 102 citations

Comparison of EPISTAR and T sub 2 *-weighted gadolinium-enhanced perfusion imaging in patients with acute cerebral ischemia

1997 • 102 citations

Transfer insensitive labeling technique (TILT): Application to multislice functional perfusion imaging

1999 • 100 citations

The efficiency of adiabatic inversion for perfusion imaging by arterial spin labeling

1997 • 94 citations

Radioactive microsphere validation of a volume localized continuous saturation perfusion measurement

1994 • 92 citations

Quantitation of renal perfusion using arterial spin labeling with FAIR-UFLARE

2000 • 90 citations

Test‐retest reproducibility of quantitative CBF measurements using FAIR perfusion MRI and acetazolamide challenge

2002 • 88 citations

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and BOLD Responses in Conscious and Anesthetized Rats Under Basal and Hypercapnic Conditions: Implications for Functional MRI Studies

2003 • 85 citations

Perfusion imaging of the human lung using flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery with an extra radiofrequency pulse (FAIRER)

1999 • 82 citations

Selective arterial spin labeling (SASL): Perfusion territory mapping of selected feeding arteries tagged using two‐dimensional radiofrequency pulses

2003 • 78 citations

Perfusion quantitation in transplanted rat kidney by MRI with arterial spin labeling

1998 • 78 citations

Assessment of brain perfusion with MRI: methodology and application to acute stroke

2004 • 74 citations

Assessment of brain perfusion with MRI: methodology and application to acute stroke

2003 • 73 citations

Cerebral Perfusion Imaging by Bolus Tracking

2004 • 69 citations

Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain: Blood partition coefficient for water: Application to spin‐tagging measurement of perfusion

1996 • 69 citations

Direct Comparison of Local Cerebral Blood Flow Rates Measured by MRI Arterial Spin-Tagging and Quantitative Autoradiography in a Rat Model of Experimental Cerebral Ischemia

2003 • 67 citations

Measurements of cerebral perfusion and arterial hemodynamics during visual stimulation using TURBO‐TILT

2003 • 67 citations

Measuring the effects of indomethacin on changes in cerebral oxidative metabolism and cerebral blood flow during sensorimotor activation

2003 • 64 citations

Effect of magnetization transfer on the measurement of cerebral blood flow using steady‐state arterial spin tagging approaches: A theoretical investigation

1997 • 60 citations

Functional perfusion imaging using continuous arterial spin labeling with separate labeling and imaging coils at 3 T

2003 • 60 citations

Continuous artery‐selective spin labeling (CASSL)

2005 • 56 citations

BIOMECHANICS

1998 • 54 citations

STAR‐HASTE: Perfusion imaging without magnetic susceptibility artifact

1997 • 53 citations

Pulmonary ventilation and perfusion scanning using hyperpolarized helium‐3 MRI and arterial spin tagging in healthy normal subjects and in pulmonary embolism and orthotopic lung transplant patients

2002 • 50 citations

Four‐phase single‐capillary stepwise model for kinetics in arterial spin labeling MRI

2005 • 49 citations

Acute changes in MRI diffusion, perfusion,T1, andT2 in a rat model of oligemia produced by partial occlusion of the middle cerebral artery

2000 • 48 citations

Improved perfusion‐weighted MRI by a novel double inversion with proximal labeling of both tagged and control acquisitions

2003 • 46 citations

Is All Perfusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Stroke Equal? The Temporal Evolution of Multiple Hemodynamic Parameters After Focal Ischemia in Rats Correlated With Evidence of Infarction

2000 • 45 citations

Continuous arterial spin labeling using a local magnetic field gradient coil

2002 • 43 citations

Two analytical solutions for a model of pulsed arterial spin labeling with randomized blood arrival times

2003 • 42 citations

FAIR excluding radiation damping (FAIRER)

1998 • 42 citations

Quantitative cardiac perfusion: a noninvasive spin-labeling method that exploits coronary vessel geometry.

1996 • 40 citations

Noninvasive comprehensive characterization of renal artery stenosis by combination of STAR angiography and EPISTAR perfusion imaging

1997 • 38 citations

Quantification of pulmonary perfusion with MR imaging: recent advances

2001 • 36 citations

Bandwidth‐modulated adiabatic RF pulses for uniform selective saturation and inversion

2004 • 36 citations

Noninvasive perfusion imaging of human brain tumors with EPISTAR

1996 • 35 citations

Velocity‐driven adiabatic fast passage for arterial spin labeling: Results from a computer model

2003 • 35 citations

Perioperative changes in cerebral blood flow after cardiac surgery: influence of anemia and aging

2003 • 34 citations

Effects of indomethacin on cerebral blood flow at rest and during hypercapnia: An arterial spin tagging study in humans

2002 • 33 citations

Magnetic resonance imaging of perfusion in rat cerebral 9L tumor after nicotinamide administration

1999 • 31 citations

Efficiency of flow‐driven adiabatic spin inversion under realistic experimental conditions: A computer simulation

2004 • 31 citations

Magnetic resonance prediction of outcome after thrombolytic treatment

2001 • 31 citations

Pulmonary Embolism: Comprehensive Evaluation with MR Ventilation and Perfusion Scanning with Hyperpolarized Helium-3, Arterial Spin Tagging, and Contrast-enhanced MRA

2005 • 30 citations

RF Pulse Concatenation for Spatially Selective Inversion

2000 • 29 citations

Detection of regional pulmonary perfusion deficit of the occluded lung using arterial spin labeling in magnetic resonance imaging

2000 • 29 citations

MR perfusion imaging in human brain using the UNFAIR technique

1999 • 28 citations

Water filtration and diffusion across the blood brain barrier in man.

1977 • 26 citations

Arterial spin tagging perfusion imaging of rat brain

2000 • 23 citations

Improving the amplitude‐modulated control experiment for multislice continuous arterial spin labeling

2005 • 22 citations

Simple model of double adiabatic inversion (DAI) efficiency

2004 • 19 citations

Assessment of the effect of 2-chloroadenosine in normal rat brain using spin-labeled MRI measurement of perfusion

2001 • 18 citations

Perfusion imaging using FAIR with a short predelay

1999 • 18 citations

A model of the inversion process in an arterial inversion experiment

1997 • 17 citations

Direct Comparison of Local Cerebral Blood Flow Rates Measured by MRI Arterial Spin-Tagging and Quantitative Autoradiography in a Rat Model of Experimental Cerebral Ischemia

2003 • 16 citations

BASE imaging: A new spin labeling technique for measuring absolute perfusion changes

1998 • 16 citations

Perfusion of the kidney using extraslice spin tagging (eST) magnetic resonance imaging

1999 • 15 citations

Quantitative analysis of adiabatic fast passage for steady laminar and turbulent flows

2002 • 13 citations

Inversion profiles of adiabatic inversion pulses for flowing spins: the effects on labeling efficiency and labeling accuracy in perfusion imaging with pulsed arterial spin-labeling

2002 • 10 citations

Assessment of 2-Chloroadenosine Treatment After Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury in the Rat Using Arterial Spin-Labeled MRI: A Preliminary Report

2000 • 9 citations