Opposite effects of interferon-γ and prostaglandin E2 on tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-10 production in microglia: A regulatory loop controlling microglia pro- and anti-inflammatory activities

Isolation of biologically active ribonucleic acid from sources enriched in ribonuclease

1979 • 22,482 citations

Microglia: a sensor for pathological events in the CNS

1996 • 4,309 citations

A metalloproteinase disintegrin that releases tumour-necrosis factor-α from cells

1997 • 3,094 citations

Activated microglia mediate neuronal cell injury via a nitric oxide mechanism.

1992 • 1,121 citations

Role for neuronally derived fractalkine in mediating interactions between neurons and CX3CR1-expressing microglia

1998 • 1,118 citations

Functional plasticity of microglia: A review

1988 • 931 citations

Cytokines in inflammatory brain lesions: helpful and harmful

1996 • 727 citations

Oral tolerance to myelin basic protein and natural recovery from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis are associated with downregulation of inflammatory cytokines and differential upregulation of transforming growth factor beta, interleukin 4, and prostaglandin E expression in the brain.

1992 • 726 citations

Antigen presentation and tumor cytotoxicity by interferon‐γ‐treated microglial cells

1987 • 648 citations

Analysis of cytokine mRNA expression in the central nervous system of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis reveals that IL-10 mRNA expression correlates with recovery.

1992 • 627 citations

Cytokine expression in the brain during the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

1992 • 572 citations

Microglia as effector cells in brain damage and repair: focus on prostanoids and nitric oxide

1998 • 568 citations

IL-10 Is Critical in the Regulation of Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis as Demonstrated by Studies of IL-10- and IL-4-Deficient and Transgenic Mice

1998 • 558 citations

The adenylate cyclase-cAMP-protein kinase A pathway and regulation of the immune response

1988 • 533 citations

TNF-alpha expression by resident microglia and infiltrating leukocytes in the central nervous system of mice with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Regulation by Th1 cytokines.

1995 • 401 citations

Modulation of Macrophage Function by Transforming Growth Factor ?, Interleukin-4, and Interleukin-10

1993 • 393 citations

Interleukin‐10 prevents experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rats

1994 • 377 citations

Evidence for the involvement of interleukin 10 in the differential deactivation of murine peritoneal macrophages by prostaglandin E2.

1994 • 374 citations

Up-regulation of monocytic IL-10 by tumor necrosis factor-α and cAMP elevating drugs

1995 • 318 citations

Neurotrophins inhibit major histocompatibility class II inducibility of microglia: Involvement of the p75 neurotrophin receptor

1998 • 283 citations

Microglia Are More Efficient Than Astrocytes in Antigen Processing and in Th1 But Not Th2 Cell Activation

1998 • 275 citations

Molecular cloning of mouse tumour necrosis factor cDNA and its eukaryotic expression

1985 • 266 citations

IL-12 production by central nervous system microglia is inhibited by astrocytes.

1997 • 263 citations

Cellular signaling roles of TGFβ, TNFα and βAPP in brain injury responses and Alzheimer's disease

1997 • 243 citations

Critical Points of Tumor Necrosis Factor Action in Central Nervous System Autoimmune Inflammation Defined by Gene Targeting

1997 • 239 citations

Critical Influences of the Cytokine Orchestration on the Outcome of Myelin Antigen‐Specific T‐Cell Autoimmunity in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis

1995 • 239 citations

Attenuation of Astroglial Reactivity by Interleukin-10

1996 • 182 citations

Cytokine production in the central nervous system of Lewis rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: dynamics of mRNA expression for interleukin-10, interleukin-12, cytolysin, tumor necrosis factor α and tumor necrosis factor β

1995 • 179 citations

Inhibition of IL-10 expression by IFN-gamma up-regulates transcription of TNF-alpha in human monocytes.

1995 • 174 citations

Antigen presentation in the central nervous system. The inhibitory effect of IL-10 on MHC class II expression and production of cytokines depends on the inducing signals and the type of cell analyzed.

1994 • 168 citations

TNF-α transgenic and knockout models of CNS inflammation and degeneration

1997 • 164 citations

Cloning of two members of the SIRPα family of protein tyrosine phosphatase binding proteins in cattle that are expressed on monocytes and a subpopulation of dendritic cells and which mediate binding to CD4 T cells

1998 • 152 citations

Production of Interleukin-10 by Mouse Glial Cells in Culture

1994 • 145 citations

Cytokines: Influence on Glial Cell Gene Expression and Function

1997 • 145 citations

Modulation of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor expression by ?-adrenergic agonists in mouse ameboid microglial cells

1991 • 122 citations

Interferon gamma upregulates its own gene expression in mouse peritoneal macrophages.

1994 • 121 citations

Interferon‐γ and Nitric Oxide Down‐Regulate Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Prostanoid Production in Cultured Rat Microglial Cells by Inhibiting Cyclooxygenase‐2 Expression

1996 • 115 citations

Analysis of B7-1 and B7-2 costimulatory ligands in cultured mouse microglia: upregulation by interferon-γ and lipopolysaccharide and downregulation by interleukin-10, prostaglandin E2 and cyclic AMP-elevating agents

1997 • 110 citations

Tumor necrosis factor alpha upregulates human microglial cell production of interleukin-10 in vitro

1995 • 103 citations

Up‐regulation of Cyclooxygenase‐2 Expression in Cultured Microglia by Prostaglandin E₂, Cyclic AMP and Non‐steroidal Anti‐inflammatory Drugs

1997 • 102 citations

Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Production by Human Fetal Microglial Cells: Regulation by Other Cytokines

1995 • 102 citations

Detection of in vivo expression of interleukin-10 using a semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction method in Schistosoma mansoni infected mice

1993 • 97 citations

Cytokines and Murine Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: Inhibition or Enhancement of Disease with Antibodies to Select Cytokines, or by Delivery of Exogenous Cytokines Using a Recombinant Vaccinia Virus System

1995 • 95 citations

Induction of Superoxide Anion and Nitric Oxide Production in Cultured Microglia^a

1994 • 94 citations

IL-10 PRODUCTION BY ADULT HUMAN DERIVED MICROGLIAL CELLS

1996 • 92 citations

Effects of prostaglandin E2, cholera toxin and 8-bromo-cyclic AMP on lipopolysaccharide-induced gene expression of cytokines in human macrophages.

1995 • 89 citations

Competitive PCR quantification of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine mRNA in the central nervous system during autoimmune encephalomyelitis

1997 • 83 citations

Prostaglandins as modulators rather than mediators of inflammation.

1993 • 82 citations

Time course and cellular localization of interleukin-10 mRNA and protein expression in autoimmune inflammation of the rat central nervous system.

1998 • 76 citations

Prostaglandins and inhibitors of arachidonate metabolism suppress experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

1994 • 65 citations

Downregulation of in vitro neurotoxicity of brain macrophages by prostaglandin E₂ and a β‐adrenergic agonist

1994 • 64 citations

Extracellular human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type I tax protein induces cytokine production in adult human microglial cells

1994 • 61 citations

Prostaglandin E₂ and 4‐Aminopyridine Prevent the Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Outwardly Rectifying Potassium Current and Interleukin‐1β Production in Cultured Rat Microglia

1998 • 55 citations

Potential role of prostaglandins and leukotrienes in multiple sclerosis and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

1992 • 48 citations

Interferon‐γ and lipopolysaccharide reduce cAMP responses in cultured glial cells: Reversal by a type IV phosphodiesterase inhibitor

1995 • 34 citations

Lack of Th2 cytokine increase during spontaneous remission of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

1998 • 31 citations

Lack of Th2 cytokine increase during spontaneous remission of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

1998 • 27 citations