Enhancers increase the probability but not the level of gene expression.

Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual

2001 • 133,517 citations

Expression of a β-globin gene is enhanced by remote SV40 DNA sequences

1981 • 1,677 citations

Promoter traps in embryonic stem cells: a genetic screen to identify and mutate developmental genes in mice.

1991 • 1,358 citations

A 5′ element of the chicken β-globin domain serves as an insulator in human erythroid cells and protects against position effect in Drosophila

1993 • 858 citations

The SV40 72 base repair repeat has a striking effect on gene expression both in SV40 and other chimeric recombinants

1981 • 776 citations

The bicoid protein is a positive regulator of hunchback transcription in the early Drosophila embryo

1989 • 672 citations

K562 human leukaemic cells synthesise embryonic haemoglobin in response to haemin

1979 • 532 citations

Graded changes in dose of a Xenopus activin A homologue elicit stepwise transitions in embryonic cell fate

1990 • 508 citations

Fluorescence-activated cell analysis and sorting of viable mammalian cells based on beta-D-galactosidase activity after transduction of Escherichia coli lacZ.

1988 • 487 citations

Increased γ-globin expression in a nondeletion HPFH mediated by an erythroid-specif ic DNA-binding factor

1989 • 298 citations

Single cell assay of a transcription factor reveals a threshold in transcription activated by signals emanating from the T-cell antigen receptor.

1990 • 292 citations

A single erythroid-specific DNase I super-hypersensitive site activates high levels of human beta-globin gene expression in transgenic mice.

1989 • 269 citations

The dose dependence of glucocorticoid-inducible gene expression results from changes in the number of transcriptionally active templates.

1990 • 194 citations

Improved FACS‐Gal: Flow cytometric analysis and sorting of viable eukaryotic cells expressing reporter gene constructs

1991 • 192 citations

Heterogeneity of single cell cytokine gene expression in clonal T cell populations.

1994 • 173 citations

Control of Globin Gene Transcription

1990 • 172 citations

Genes and genomes

1990 • 170 citations

Simian virus 40 early- and late-region promoter functions are enhanced by the 72-base-pair repeat inserted at distant locations and inverted orientations.

1983 • 149 citations

Simian virus 40 enhancer increases number of RNA polymerase II molecules on linked DNA

1985 • 138 citations

Formation of stable transcription complexes as assayed by analysis of individual templates.

1988 • 118 citations

Chromosomal position effects determine transcriptional potential of integrated mammary tumor virus DNA

1982 • 101 citations

Simian virus 40 enhancer increases RNA polymerase density within the linked gene

1985 • 79 citations

Functional properties of the beta-globin locus control region in K562 erythroleukemia cells

1991 • 66 citations

Simian Virus 40 Early- and Late-Region Promoter Functions Are Enhanced by the 72-Base-Pair Repeat Inserted at Distant Locations and Inverted Orientations

1983 • 55 citations

Stable propagation of the active transcriptional state of an immunoglobulin μ gene requires continuous enhancer function

1988 • 48 citations

The initiation of hepatocyte-specific gene expression within embryonic hepatocytes is a stochastic event

1989 • 36 citations

Varied interactions between proviruses and adjacent host chromatin.

1986 • 34 citations

The developmental regulation of the human ζ-globin gene in transgenic mice employing β-galactosidase as a reporter gene

1992 • 33 citations

Activation of the human beta-globin promoter in K562 cells by DNA sequences 5' to the fetal gamma- or embryonic zeta-globin genes.

1987 • 31 citations

Effect of estrogen on ovalbumin gene expression in differentiated nontarget tissues

1979 • 23 citations

Varied Interactions Between Proviruses and Adjacent Host Chromatin

1986 • 10 citations