A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment

A theory of human motivation.

1943 • 17,728 citations

A THEORY OF HUMAN MOTIVATION

2017 • 11,854 citations

The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization

1990 • 11,184 citations

Work and motivation

1964 • 9,479 citations

The measurement of organizational commitment

1979 • 8,633 citations

Motivation through the design of work: test of a theory

1976 • 7,982 citations

Perceived organizational support.

1986 • 5,773 citations

Organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover among psychiatric technicians.

1974 • 5,737 citations

Employee-Organization Linkages: The Psychology of Commitment, Absenteeism, and Turnover.

1984 • 4,917 citations

Notes on the Concept of Commitment

1960 • 3,880 citations

Organizational commitment and psychological attachment: The effects of compliance, identification, and internalization on prosocial behavior.

1986 • 3,767 citations

Compliance, identification, and internalization three processes of attitude change

1958 • 3,392 citations

Work and the Nature of Man.

1967 • 3,342 citations

Perceived organizational support and employee diligence, commitment, and innovation.

1990 • 2,689 citations

New work attitude measures of trust, organizational commitment and personal need non‐fulfilment

1980 • 2,274 citations

Building Organizational Commitment: The Socialization of Managers in Work Organizations

1974 • 1,938 citations

Explorations in Personality.

1939 • 1,764 citations

Employee-Organization Linakges: The Psychology of Commitment, Absenteeism and Turnover

1985 • 1,743 citations

The motivational basis of organizational behavior

1964 • 1,596 citations

An Empirical Assessment of Organizational Commitment and Organizational Effectiveness

1981 • 1,510 citations

A Review and Reconceptualization of Organizational Commitment

1985 • 1,474 citations

Employee Turnover: A Meta-Analysis and Review with Implications for Research

1986 • 1,452 citations

Testing the "side-bet theory" of organizational commitment: Some methodological considerations.

1984 • 1,415 citations

A Comparative Analysis of Complex Organizations.

1962 • 1,401 citations

Commitment in Organizations: A Normative View

1982 • 1,388 citations

Commitment and Social Organization: A Study of Commitment Mechanisms in Utopian Communities

1968 • 1,332 citations

Antecedents and outcomes of organizational commitment

1989 • 1,329 citations

Antecedents and consequences of satisfaction and commitment in turnover models: A reanalysis using latent variable structural equation methods.

1986 • 1,299 citations

Organizational commitment and job performance: It's the nature of the commitment that counts.

1989 • 1,116 citations

A Longitudinal Analysis of the Antecedents of Organizational Commitment.

1984 • 1,006 citations

Personal and Role-Related Factors in the Development of Organizational Commitment

1972 • 1,006 citations

A review and meta-analysis of research on the relationship between behavioral intentions and employee turnover.

1984 • 1,002 citations

Existence, Relatedness, and Growth: Human Needs in Organizational Settings.

1974 • 995 citations

Concept Redundancy in Organizational Research: The Case of Work Commitment<sup />

1983 • 956 citations

A Unified Model of Turnover from Organizations

1982 • 917 citations

New Directions in Organizational Behavior.

1978 • 886 citations

Predictors of Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment in Human Service Organizations

1988 • 882 citations

A longitudinal test of the investment model: The impact on job satisfaction, job commitment, and turnover of variations in rewards, costs, alternatives, and investments.

1983 • 746 citations

Affective and continuance commitment to the organization: Evaluation of measures and analysis of concurrent and time-lagged relations.

1990 • 742 citations

A work values approach to corporate culture: A field test of the value congruence process and its relationship to individual outcomes.

1989 • 733 citations

Normative explanations of helping behavior: A critique, proposal, and empirical test

1973 • 718 citations

Causes of employee turnover: A test of the Mobley, Griffeth, Hand, and Meglino model.

1982 • 683 citations

A Path Analysis of a Model of the Antecedents and Consequences of Organizational Commitment

1987 • 670 citations

Discriminant validation of measures of job satisfaction, job involvement, and organizational commitment.

1988 • 664 citations

Exchange variables as predictors of job satisfaction, job commitment, and turnover: The impact of rewards, costs, alternatives, and investments

1981 • 661 citations

A multivariate analysis of the determinants of job turnover.

1982 • 638 citations

Organizational commitment and managerial turnover: A longitudinal study

1976 • 630 citations

Two (or more?) dimensions of organizational commitment: Reexamination of the affective and continuance commitment scales.

1987 • 621 citations

International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology 2003

2003 • 513 citations

A behaviorally-based measure of manifest needs in work settings

1976 • 510 citations

Assessing Personal, Role, and Organizational Predictors of Managerial Commitment.

1978 • 497 citations

ON THE CAUSAL ORDERING OF JOB SATISFACTION AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT.

1986 • 484 citations

Differentiating Organizational Commitment From Expectancy as a Motivating Force

1981 • 481 citations

Generalizability of an Organizational Commitment Model.

1981 • 466 citations

Psychology of employee lateness, absence, and turnover: A methodological critique and an empirical study.

1983 • 457 citations

Job stress and job performance controversy: An empirical assessment

1984 • 447 citations

Employee Turnover and Post Decision Accommodation Processes.

1979 • 443 citations

Job enlargement, individual differences, and worker responses.

1968 • 436 citations

Cross-cultural perspectives on learning

1975 • 421 citations

A Comparative Analysis of Complex Organisations

1977 • 414 citations

Relationships between job, organization, and career commitments and work outcomes—An integrative approach

1980 • 414 citations

Voluntarily Leaving an Organization: An Empirical Investigation of Steers and Mowday's Model of Turnover

1987 • 403 citations

Job attachment, satisfaction, and turnover among public sector employees

1978 • 383 citations

Organizational Commitment and Turnover: A Prediction Study

1977 • 370 citations

An Empirical Analysis of Organizational Identification.

1971 • 339 citations

Administrative Succession and Organizational Performance: The Succession Effect

1982 • 338 citations

Unit performance, situational factors, and employee attitudes in spatially separated work units

1974 • 321 citations

A test of a model for reducing measured attitude-behavior discrepancies.

1972 • 319 citations

Comparative examination of three approaches to the prediction of turnover.

1979 • 308 citations

Organizational Commitment

1983 • 302 citations

The Commitment and Job Tenure of New Employees: Some Evidence of Postdecisional Justification

1981 • 296 citations

An Empirical Study of Howard Becker's Side-Bet Theory

1969 • 292 citations

Commitment, conflict, and caring

1987 • 290 citations

A test of a model for commitment.

1966 • 290 citations

The Psychology of the Withdrawal Process: A Cross-Validation Test of Mobley's Intermediate Linkages Model of Turnover in Two Samples.

1984 • 280 citations

A Social Learning Approach to Organizational Behavior

1980 • 272 citations

Central Life Interests and Organizational Commitment of Blue-Collar and Clerical Workers

1975 • 268 citations

Theories of Organizational Behavior.

1981 • 256 citations

Links between work experiences and organizational commitment during the first year of employment: A longitudinal analysis*

1988 • 254 citations

Work commitment and job satisfaction over three career stages

1987 • 252 citations

Examination of avoidable and unavoidable turnover.

1987 • 251 citations

The behavioral expression of organizational commitment

1990 • 250 citations

Individual Exploration to Organizational Commitment or Withdrawal.

1984 • 250 citations

Sources and Outcomes of Stress in Organizational Settings: Toward the Development of a Structural Model.

1984 • 248 citations

Work Values and Organizational Commitment.

1978 • 247 citations

Job Involvement and Organizational Commitment as Interactive Predictors of Tardiness and Absenteeism

1986 • 240 citations

Organizational Commitment: Analysis of Antecedents

1987 • 227 citations

Conventional vs. Worker-Owned Organizations

1981 • 221 citations

Structural influences on organizational commitment

1980 • 218 citations

A COMPARISON OF TWO ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT SCALES¹

1983 • 215 citations

Job choice: The impact of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on subsequent satisfaction and commitment.

1980 • 210 citations

Effects of Job Level and Participation on Employee Attitudes and Perceptions of Influence.

1974 • 205 citations

On Operationalizing the Concept of Commitment

1973 • 194 citations

Organizational Commitment: Pre-Employment Propensity and Initial Work Experiences

1987 • 181 citations

Predicting turnover intentions and turnover behavior: A multivariate analysis

1982 • 181 citations

Nurse turnover as reasoned action: Development of a process model.

1987 • 180 citations

Comparative effects of personal and situational influences on job outcomes of new professionals.

1987 • 172 citations

A longitudinal analysis of the early development and consequences of organizational commitment.

1987 • 163 citations

Using a person-environment fit model to predict job involvement and organizational commitment

1987 • 157 citations

The Role of Human Resource Management Practices in Predicting Organizational Commitment

1986 • 155 citations

The role of achievement motivation in job design.

1977 • 154 citations

Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment.

1985 • 139 citations

Effects of Organizational Formalization on Alienation Among Professionals and Nonprofessionals

1986 • 126 citations

Impacts of role perceptions on organizational commitment, job involvement, and psychosomatic illness among three vocational groupings

1979 • 106 citations

Effects of Job Alternatives, Extrinsic Rewards, and Behavioral Commitment on Attitude Toward the Organization: A Field Test of the Insufficient Justification Paradigm

1980 • 105 citations

Precursors of employee turnover: A multiple‐sample causal analysis

1985 • 103 citations

Job characteristics and job attitudes: A multivariate study.

1975 • 101 citations

An Empirical Study of Theories of Organizational and Occupational Commitment

1975 • 88 citations

A second look at need for achievement and need for autonomy as moderators of role perception–outcome relationships.

1979 • 76 citations

On Misunderstanding the Concept of Commitment: A Theoretical Clarification

1970 • 75 citations

An investigation of the apprenticeship organizational socialization strategy

1988 • 67 citations

Sex differences in job outcome preferences: Trends among newly hired college graduates.

1979 • 66 citations

PREDICTING ABSENTEEISM FROM PRIOR ABSENCE AND WORK ATTITUDES.

1985 • 65 citations

Extension of the Schmidt and Hunter validity generalization procedure to the prediction of absenteeism behavior from knowledge of job satisfaction and organizational commitment.

1982 • 60 citations

A comparison of the relationship of commitment to turnover in recent hires and tenured employees.

1984 • 58 citations

Commitment, Absenteeism, and Turnover of New Employees: A Longitudinal Study

1984 • 56 citations

Toward a Further Clarification of Becker's Side-Bet Hypothesis as Applied to Organizational and Occupational Commitment

1977 • 41 citations

Market and organizational influences on bank employees' work attitudes and behaviors.

1983 • 37 citations

Organizational Citizenship Behavior

2001 • 14 citations

Attitudes to the Job and the Organisation among New Recruits: Influence of Perceived Job Characteristics and Organisational Structure

1987 • 10 citations