Circulating markers of inflammation and atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis — An Inflammatory Disease

1999 • 21,494 citations

C-Reactive Protein and Other Markers of Inflammation in the Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease in Women

2000 • 5,760 citations

Inflammation, Aspirin, and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Apparently Healthy Men

1997 • 5,442 citations

Interleukin-6 and the acute phase response

1990 • 2,740 citations

Plasma Concentration of Interleukin-6 and the Risk of Future Myocardial Infarction Among Apparently Healthy Men

2000 • 2,394 citations

The Prognostic Value of C-Reactive Protein and Serum Amyloid A Protein in Severe Unstable Angina

1994 • 2,343 citations

Association of Fibrinogen, C-reactive Protein, Albumin, or Leukocyte Count With Coronary Heart Disease

1998 • 2,035 citations

C-Reactive Protein, a Sensitive Marker of Inflammation, Predicts Future Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Initially Healthy Middle-Aged Men

1999 • 1,952 citations

Site of intimal rupture or erosion of thrombosed coronary atherosclerotic plaques is characterized by an inflammatory process irrespective of the dominant plaque morphology.

1994 • 1,913 citations

Interleukin-6: An Overview

1990 • 1,910 citations

Hemostatic Factors and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction or Sudden Death in Patients with Angina Pectoris

1995 • 1,807 citations

Endothelial Expression of a Mononuclear Leukocyte Adhesion Molecule During Atherogenesis

1991 • 1,703 citations

Fibrinogen as a Risk Factor for Stroke and Myocardial Infarction

1984 • 1,686 citations

Prospective Study of C-Reactive Protein and the Risk of Future Cardiovascular Events Among Apparently Healthy Women

1998 • 1,668 citations

Production of C-reactive protein and risk of coronary events in stable and unstable angina

1997 • 1,515 citations

Long-Term Effects of Pravastatin on Plasma Concentration of C-reactive Protein

1999 • 1,488 citations

Associations of elevated Interleukin-6 and C-Reactive protein levels with mortality in the elderly∗∗Access the “Journal Club” discussion of this paper at http:/www.elsevier.com/locate/ajmselect/

1999 • 1,467 citations

Inflammation, Pravastatin, and the Risk of Coronary Events After Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Average Cholesterol Levels

1998 • 1,398 citations

The matrix‐degrading metalloproteinases

1992 • 1,383 citations

Plasma concentration of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and risks of future myocardial infarction in apparently healthy men

1998 • 1,238 citations

The Pathophysiologic Roles of Interleukin-6 in Human Disease

1998 • 1,132 citations

Macrophage infiltration in acute coronary syndromes. Implications for plaque rupture.

1994 • 1,125 citations

Relation of C-Reactive Protein and Coronary Heart Disease in the MRFIT Nested Case-Control Study

1996 • 1,106 citations

Plaque rupture with severe pre-existing stenosis precipitating coronary thrombosis. Characteristics of coronary atherosclerotic plaques underlying fatal occlusive thrombi.

1983 • 1,023 citations

Adhesion molecules and inflammatory injury

1994 • 1,023 citations

α4 integrins mediate lymphocyte attachment and rolling under physiologic flow

1995 • 1,018 citations

Elevation of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Increased Risk of Recurrent Coronary Events After Myocardial Infarction

2000 • 922 citations

Advanced glycation endproducts interacting with their endothelial receptor induce expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in cultured human endothelial cells and in mice. A potential mechanism for the accelerated vasculopathy of diabetes.

1995 • 886 citations

C Reactive protein and its relation to cardiovascular risk factors: a population based cross sectional study

1996 • 869 citations

Lewis A. Conner Memorial Lecture. Mechanisms leading to myocardial infarction: insights from studies of vascular biology.

1994 • 862 citations

Relationship of C-Reactive Protein to Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly

1997 • 838 citations

C-Reactive Protein Is a Potent Predictor of Mortality Independently of and in Combination With Troponin T in Acute Coronary Syndromes: A TIMI 11A Substudy

1998 • 788 citations

The expression of the adhesion molecules ICAM‐1, VCAM‐1, PECAM, and E‐selectin in human atherosclerosis

1993 • 772 citations

Elevated Levels of Interleukin-6 in Unstable Angina

1996 • 744 citations

Prospective Study of Hemostatic Factors and Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease

1997 • 739 citations

Fibrinolytic activity, clotting factors, and long-term incidence of ischaemic heart disease in the Northwick Park Heart Study

1993 • 727 citations

The integrin VLA-4 supports tethering and rolling in flow on VCAM-1.

1995 • 716 citations

Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 is expressed in human coronary atherosclerotic plaques. Implications for the mode of progression of advanced coronary atherosclerosis.

1993 • 709 citations

The Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis: Atherogenesis and Inflammation

1989 • 701 citations

Oxidized LDL and Malondialdehyde-Modified LDL in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes and Stable Coronary Artery Disease

1998 • 681 citations

An atherogenic diet rapidly induces VCAM-1, a cytokine-regulatable mononuclear leukocyte adhesion molecule, in rabbit aortic endothelium.

1993 • 680 citations

Clinical Efficacy of an Automated High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Assay

1999 • 626 citations

Peripheral blood levels of matrix metalloproteases-2 and -9 are elevated in patients with acute coronary syndromes

1998 • 602 citations

Elevation of C-reactive protein in “active” coronary artery disease

1990 • 592 citations

Increased Proinflammatory Cytokines in Patients With Chronic Stable Angina and Their Reduction By Aspirin

1999 • 585 citations

Elevated Levels of C-Reactive Protein at Discharge in Patients With Unstable Angina Predict Recurrent Instability

1999 • 583 citations

Neovascular Expression of E-Selectin, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1, and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 in Human Atherosclerosis and Their Relation to Intimal Leukocyte Content

1996 • 573 citations

C-Reactive Protein Frequently Colocalizes With the Terminal Complement Complex in the Intima of Early Atherosclerotic Lesions of Human Coronary Arteries

1998 • 561 citations

Atherosclerotic plaque caps are locally weakened when macrophages density is increased

1991 • 541 citations

Prognostic Influence of Increased Fibrinogen and C-Reactive Protein Levels in Unstable Coronary Artery Disease

1997 • 529 citations

Blood viscosity and risk of cardiovascular events: the Edinburgh Artery Study

1997 • 522 citations

Enhanced Levels of Soluble and Membrane-Bound CD40 Ligand in Patients With Unstable Angina

1999 • 504 citations

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition Prevents Arterial Nuclear Factor-κB Activation, Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Expression, and Macrophage Infiltration in a Rabbit Model of Early Accelerated Atherosclerosis

1997 • 502 citations

Increasing Levels of Interleukin (IL)-1Ra and IL-6 During the First 2 Days of Hospitalization in Unstable Angina Are Associated With Increased Risk of In-Hospital Coronary Events

1999 • 490 citations

C-reactive protein concentration in children: relationship to adiposity and other cardiovascular risk factors

2000 • 452 citations

Accumulation of activated mast cells in the shoulder region of human coronary atheroma, the predilection site of atheromatous rupture.

1994 • 445 citations

Predictive value of C-reactive protein and troponin T in patients with unstable angina: a comparative analysis

2000 • 414 citations

Increased Neutrophil-Platelet Adhesion in Patients With Unstable Angina

1996 • 401 citations

Monocyte rolling, arrest and spreading on IL-4-activated vascular endothelium under flow is mediated via sequential action of L-selectin, beta 1-integrins, and beta 2-integrins.

1994 • 391 citations

Acute respiratory-tract infections and risk of first-time acute myocardial infarction

1998 • 383 citations

Thermal detection of cellular infiltrates in living atherosclerotic plaques: possible implications for plaque rupture and thrombosis

1996 • 369 citations

C-Reactive Protein as a Predictor of Infarct Expansion and Cardiac Rupture After a First Q-Wave Acute Myocardial Infarction

1997 • 343 citations

Interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 protein and gene expression in human arterial atherosclerotic wall

1996 • 336 citations

Increased expression of neutrophil and monocyte adhesion molecules in unstable coronary artery disease.

1993 • 336 citations

Regulation of hepatic acute phase plasma protein genes by hepatocyte stimulating factors and other mediators of inflammation.

1990 • 335 citations

Thermal Heterogeneity Within Human Atherosclerotic Coronary Arteries Detected In Vivo

1999 • 334 citations

White blood cell count and cardiovascular disease. Insights from the Framingham Study

1992 • 322 citations

C-Reactive Protein and Outcome After Ischemic Stroke

1999 • 321 citations

Comparison of the prediction by 27 different factors of coronary heart disease and death in men and women of the Scottish heart health study: cohort study

1997 • 313 citations

Systemic Inflammatory Parameters in Patients With Atherosclerosis of the Coronary and Peripheral Arteries

1999 • 312 citations

Enhanced Inflammatory Response to Coronary Angioplasty in Patients With Severe Unstable Angina

1998 • 306 citations

von Willebrand Factor, C-Reactive Protein, and 5-Year Mortality in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Subjects

1999 • 293 citations

Inhibition of Early Atherogenesis by Losartan in Monkeys With Diet-Induced Hypercholesterolemia

2000 • 274 citations

Serum C-reactive protein concentration in acute myocardial infarction and its relationship to mortality during 24 months of follow-up in patients under thrombolytic treatment

1996 • 270 citations

Interleukin 6 gene transcripts are expressed in human atherosclerotic lesions

1994 • 265 citations

Circulating Cell Adhesion Molecules Are Correlated With Ultrasound-Based Assessment of Carotid Atherosclerosis

1998 • 263 citations

Early Increase of von Willebrand Factor Predicts Adverse Outcome in Unstable Coronary Artery Disease

1998 • 258 citations

Circulating Endothelial Cell/Leukocyte Adhesion Molecules in Atherosclerosis

1994 • 257 citations

C-Reactive Protein, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Mortality in a Prospective Study in the Elderly

2000 • 242 citations

Evaluation of C-reactive protein, an inflammatory marker, and infectious serology as risk factors for coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction

1998 • 231 citations

Independent Prognostic Value of Elevated C-Reactive Protein in Unstable Angina

1999 • 229 citations

Transient intermittent lymphocyte activation is responsible for the instability of angina.

1992 • 220 citations

Monocyte Count: A Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease?

1993 • 212 citations

Increased levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 are associated with risk of cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetes: the Hoorn study.

2000 • 211 citations

Total and Differential Leukocyte Counts as Predictors of Ischemic Heart Disease: The Caerphilly and Speedwell Studies

1997 • 204 citations

LEUKOCYTE COUNTS AND CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN A JAPANESE COHORT

1982 • 200 citations

Coronary C-reactive protein distribution: its relation to development of atherosclerosis

1999 • 196 citations

Alterations in circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and L-selectin: Further evidence for chronic inflammation in ischemic heart disease

1996 • 192 citations

Acute T-Cell Activation Is Detectable in Unstable Angina

1997 • 190 citations

Increased neutrophil elastase release in unstable angina pectoris and acute myocardial infarction

1990 • 186 citations

Association of serum C3 levels with the risk of myocardial infarction

1995 • 185 citations

The natural history of coronary heart disease: prognostic factors after recovery from myocardial infarction in 2789 men. The 5-year findings of the coronary drug project.

1982 • 178 citations

White Blood Cell Count and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and All-Cause Mortality in Elderly Men

1996 • 177 citations

Intracellular neutrophil myeloperoxidase is reduced in unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction, but its reduction is not related to ischemia

1996 • 169 citations

Incremental prognostic value of serum levels of troponin T and C-reactive protein on admission in patients with unstable angina pectoris

1998 • 169 citations

Cytomegalovirus in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis

1999 • 168 citations

Cellular Infiltration of the Human Arterial Adventitia Associated with Atheromatous Plaques

1962 • 166 citations

Coagulation Factor VII and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Healthy Men

1997 • 165 citations

C-Reactive Protein Is a Strong but Nonspecific Risk Factor of Fatal Stroke in Elderly Persons

2000 • 162 citations

Fibrinogen, viscosity and the 10-year incidence of ischaemic heart disease: The Caerphilly and Speedwell Studies

1996 • 159 citations

Increased monocyte tissue factor expression in coronary disease.

1995 • 158 citations

A prospective study of fibrinogen and risk of myocardial infarction in the physicians’ health study

1999 • 157 citations

Leukocyte Activation Detected by Increased Plasma Levels of Inflammatory Mediators in Patients With Ischemic Cerebrovascular Diseases

1996 • 147 citations

Inflammatory Markers in Men with Angiographically Documented Coronary Heart Disease

1999 • 145 citations

Serum C-Reactive Protein and Self-Reported Stroke

2000 • 144 citations

Relationship of serum C3 to fasting insulin, risk factors and previous ischaemic events in middle-aged men

2000 • 134 citations

Haemostatic Variables and the Outcome of Myocardial Infarction

1983 • 132 citations

C-Reactive protein and coronary artery disease: Additional evidence of the implication of an inflammatory process in acute coronary syndromes

1999 • 130 citations

White blood cell count, coronary heart disease, and death: The NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study

1993 • 129 citations

Malondialdehyde-Modified LDL as a Marker of Acute Coronary Syndromes

1999 • 128 citations

Evidence for time-dependent activation of monocytes in the systemic circulation in unstable angina but not in acute myocardial infarction or in stable angina.

1994 • 126 citations

Serum amyloid A predicts early mortality in acute coronary syndromes: a TIMI 11A substudy

2000 • 123 citations

Persistent inflammatory response in stroke survivors

1998 • 122 citations

Fibrinogen Is a Predictor of Mortality in Coronary Heart Disease Patients

1996 • 121 citations

White Blood Cell Count and Haematocrit as Predictors of Coronary Recurrence after Myocardial Infarction

1985 • 119 citations

Angiotensin II Increases Monocyte Binding to Endothelial Cells

1996 • 115 citations

Independent prognostic value of C-reactive protein and troponin I in patients with unstable angina or non-Q-wave myocardial infarction

1999 • 114 citations

Heat Production of Atherosclerotic Plaques and Inflammation Assessed by the Acute Phase Proteins in Acute Coronary Syndromes

2000 • 113 citations

Leukocyte Count and Risk of Major Coronary Heart Disease Events

1992 • 112 citations

[Fibrinogen: a "new" cardiovascular risk factor].

1991 • 110 citations

Comparison of the prognostic value of C-Reactive protein and troponin I in patients with unstable angina pectoris

1998 • 110 citations

C-reactive protein as a marker for cardiac ischemic events in the year after a first, uncomplicated myocardial infarction

1999 • 110 citations

Prediction of Myocardial Infarction in Dyslipidemic Men by Elevated Levels of Immunoglobulin Classes A, E, and G, but Not M

1998 • 104 citations

Immune system activation follows inflammation in unstable angina: pathogenetic implications

1998 • 102 citations

Elevated serum intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular adhesion molecule-1 among patients with stable angina pectoris who suffer cardiovascular death or non-fatal myocardial infarction

1999 • 92 citations

D-dimers in relation to the severity of arteriosclerosis in patients with stable angina pectoris after myocardial infarction

1999 • 90 citations

Inflammatory status as a main determinant of outcome in patients with unstable angina, independent of coagulation activation and endothelial cell function

1999 • 87 citations

Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and smooth muscle cell activation during atherogenesis.

1993 • 87 citations

Update on fibrinogen as a cardiovascular risk factor

1992 • 87 citations

Increased serum concentrations of interleukin-1 beta in patients with coronary artery disease.

1996 • 85 citations

The association between C‐reactive protein on admission and mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction

2000 • 83 citations

Increased serum neopterin: a marker of coronary artery disease activity in women

2000 • 80 citations

Plasma levels of interleukin 2, 6, 10 and phenotypic characterization of circulating T lymphocytes in ischemic heart disease

1999 • 78 citations

Ige and cardiovascular disease

1987 • 72 citations

C-reactive protein elevation and early outcome in patients with unstable angina pectoris

1997 • 71 citations

Clinical and angiographic correlates of leukocyte activation in unstable angina

1995 • 70 citations

Association of serum IgA and C4 with severe atherosclerosis

1988 • 66 citations

Relationship Between Plasma Fibrinogen and Coronary Heart Disease in Women

1999 • 62 citations

Adhesion of Memory Lymphocytes to Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1–Transduced Human Vascular Endothelial Cells Under Simulated Physiological Flow Conditions In Vitro

1996 • 62 citations

The Natural History of Coronary Heart Disease: Prognostic Factors After Recovery from Myocardial Infarction in 2789 Men

1985 • 61 citations

Antithrombin III and Fibrinogen as Predictors of Cardiac Events in Patients With Angina Pectoris

1996 • 61 citations

Elevated serum concentrations of soluble adhesion molecules in coronary artery disease and acute myocardial infarction.

1997 • 59 citations

Altered plasma levels of cytokines in patients with ischemic heart disease

1997 • 59 citations

Tissue‐type plasminogen activator and C‐reactive protein in acute coronary heart disease. A nested case–control study

2000 • 58 citations

Simultaneous Elevation of the Levels of Circulating Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 and Tissue Factor in Acute Coronary Syndromes

1998 • 57 citations

Levels of IgE in the serum of patients with coronary arterial disease

1991 • 55 citations

Circulating levels of IL-1beta, a prothrombotic cytokine, are elevated in unstable angina versus stable angina.

2000 • 53 citations

C-Reactive Protein in Offspring Is Associated With the Occurrence of Myocardial Infarction in First-Degree Relatives

2000 • 53 citations

Serum neopterin levels and the angiographic extent of coronary arterial narrowing in unstable angina pectoris and in non–Q-wave acute myocardial infarction

1999 • 45 citations

Systemic inflammatory responses in acute coronary syndrome: increased activity observed in polymorphonuclear leukocytes but not T lymphocytes

1997 • 43 citations

Plasma soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 levels in coronary circulation in patients with unstable angina

1999 • 43 citations

Leukocytes as a coronary risk factor in a dyslipidemic male population

1992 • 41 citations

IgE predicts future nonfatal myocardial infarction in men

1996 • 40 citations

Decreased soluble interleukin-6 receptor in patients with acute myocardial infarction

1999 • 40 citations

Increased expression of the CD11b/CD18 antigen on the surface of peripheral white blood cells in patients with ischemic heart disease: Further evidence for smoldering inflammation in patients with atherosclerosis

1999 • 38 citations

Activation of monocytes, T-lymphocytes and plasma inflammatory markers in angina patients

1999 • 38 citations

Morphologic Correlation Between Atherosclerotic Lesions of the Carotid and Coronary Arteries in Patients With Angina Pectoris

1999 • 37 citations

Plasma leukocyte elastase concentration in angiographically diagnosed coronary artery disease

1995 • 34 citations

Plasma viscosity, fibrinogen and haematocrit in the course of unstable angina

1990 • 34 citations

Levels of Soluble Cell Adhesion Molecules in Patients With Angiographically Defined Coronary Atherosclerosis

1999 • 28 citations

Leukocyte count as a predictor of the severity ischaemic heart disease as evaluated by coronary angiography.

1993 • 26 citations

The ACADEMIC Study in Perspective (Azithromycin in Coronary Artery Disease: Elimination of Myocardial Infection with Chlamydia)

2000 • 24 citations

C-reactive protein on admission as a predictor of in-hospital death in the elderly with acute myocardial infarction.

1999 • 24 citations

HOPE for cardiovascular disease prevention with ACE-inhibitor ramipril

1999 • 23 citations

Increased Plasma Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Levels in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction

1997 • 21 citations

Increased plasma levels of fibrinogen in acute and chronic ischemic coronary syndromes.

1999 • 20 citations

Increase in plasma levels of secretory type II phospholipase A2 in patients with coronary spastic angina

2000 • 19 citations

Plasma fibrinogen in unstable coronary artery disease

1989 • 17 citations

Increased Serum IgA Levels in Subjects with Previous Myocardial Infarction or Other Major Ischemic Events

1993 • 16 citations

Fibrinolytic Factors, Serum Lipid and C-reactive Protein Predicting Cardiac Events in Japanese Patients With Coronary Atherosclerotic Lesions

1999 • 15 citations

Effect of acetyl-LDL on monocyte/macrophage expression of matrix metalloproteinases

1994 • 14 citations

Soluble E-selectin is not a marker of unstable coronary plaque in serum of patients with ischemic heart disease.

2000 • 14 citations

Soluble E-Selectin and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Plasma Levels Increase During Acute Myocardial Infarction

1997 • 14 citations

Coronary Artery Disease and Infection with Chlamydia Pneumonia.

2000 • 14 citations

A Case-Reference Study on Plasma Fibrinogen Concentrations and Coronary Atherosclerosis in Japanese

1996 • 12 citations

Flow resistance of individual neutrophils in coronary artery disease: decreased pore transit times in acute myocardial infarction.

1997 • 9 citations

Markers of Chronic Infection and Inflammation Are They Important in Cases with Chronic Coronary Heart Disease.

1999 • 8 citations

Increased adhesiveness of white blood cells in patients with unstable angina: Additional evidence for an involvement of the immune‐inflammatory system

1997 • 6 citations

Immunologic changes in circulating leukocytes in the presence of atherosclerotic disease.

1994 • 5 citations

Serum fibrinogen and C-reactive protein levels predict major adverse cardiac events in unstable angina.

2000 • 4 citations

Study on clinical immunity in patients with coronary artery disease.

1996 • 2 citations