Under what conditions does theory obstruct research progress?

The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

1963 • 36,823 citations

A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance

2017 • 18,931 citations

The Handbook of Social Psychology

1969 • 12,920 citations

Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change

1978 • 10,611 citations

Construct validity in psychological tests.

1955 • 10,167 citations

The Logic of Scientific Discovery

2013 • 8,086 citations

Controlled and automatic human information processing: II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending and a general theory.

1977 • 7,025 citations

Falsification and the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes

1970 • 4,116 citations

Falsification and the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes

1976 • 3,992 citations

The mismeasure of man

1996 • 3,872 citations

Public Health Service

1963 • 3,764 citations

Imre Lakatos and Musgrave Alan (eds.). Criticism and the growth of knowledge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970. 282 pp. np.

1972 • 3,075 citations

The Influence of Source Credibility on Communication Effectiveness

1951 • 3,039 citations

Book Review Nisbett, R. , & Ross, L.Human inference: Strategies and shortcomings of social judgment.Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1980.

1982 • 2,944 citations

Purposive Behavior in Animals and Men

1950 • 2,502 citations

Social learning and personality development

1963 • 2,381 citations

Intergroup Conflict And Cooperation: The Robbers Cave Experiment

2013 • 2,366 citations

Psychological perspectives on the self

1982 • 2,316 citations

Controlled and automatic human information processing: I

1977 • 2,264 citations

Beyond the two disciplines of scientific psychology.

1975 • 2,091 citations

FORMING IMPRESSIONS OF PERSONALITY

1961 • 2,065 citations

Communication and Persuasion: Psychological Studies of Opinion Change.

1954 • 2,017 citations

On the Failure to Eliminate Hypotheses in a Conceptual Task

1960 • 2,013 citations

Confirmation, disconfirmation, and information in hypothesis testing.

1987 • 2,003 citations

Theories of cognitive consistency : a sourcebook

1969 • 1,999 citations

Pygmalion in the Classroom

1968 • 1,935 citations

Statistics for Psychologists

1966 • 1,924 citations

Cognitive Consequences of Forced Compliance

2011 • 1,922 citations

The totalitarian ego: Fabrication and revision of personal history.

1980 • 1,899 citations

Of mental health.

1947 • 1,794 citations

Bayesian statistical inference for psychological research.

1963 • 1,732 citations

Experimenter Effects in Behavioral Research

1968 • 1,687 citations

The Jigsaw Classroom

2021 • 1,434 citations

The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

2016 • 1,421 citations

Proofs and Refutations

1976 • 1,310 citations

Artifact in behavioral research

1969 • 1,189 citations

Mechanization in problem solving: The effect of Einstellung.

1942 • 1,105 citations

Explorations in cognitive dissonance.

1962 • 1,089 citations

Social influence and social change

1976 • 1,069 citations

Consequences of prejudice against the null hypothesis.

1975 • 1,046 citations

Publication prejudices: An experimental study of confirmatory bias in the peer review system

1977 • 1,033 citations

Theory-Testing in Psychology and Physics: A Methodological Paradox

1967 • 935 citations

Hypothesis-testing processes in social interaction.

1978 • 900 citations

The test of significance in psychological research.

1966 • 880 citations

Publication Decisions and their Possible Effects on Inferences Drawn from Tests of Significance—or Vice Versa

1959 • 865 citations

Perseverance in self-perception and social perception: Biased attributional processes in the debriefing paradigm.

1975 • 827 citations

Expectancy confirmation processes arising in the social interaction sequence.

1980 • 814 citations

When Prophecy Fails

1956 • 778 citations

Self-verification processes: How we sustain our self-conceptions

1981 • 704 citations

Perspectives on Cognitive Dissonance

2013 • 662 citations

Television and behavior : ten years of scientific progress and implications for the eighties

1982 • 628 citations

Experiments on Mass Communication

2017 • 616 citations

Reconstructing the past: Some cognitive consequences of person perception.

1978 • 547 citations

The order of presentation in persuasion

1957 • 519 citations

Confirmation Bias in a Simulated Research Environment: An Experimental Study of Scientific Inference

1977 • 518 citations

The yin and yang of progress in social psychology: Seven koan.

1973 • 491 citations

Norms and Counter-Norms in a Select Group of the Apollo Moon Scientists: A Case Study of the Ambivalence of Scientists

1974 • 490 citations

Within-subjects designs: To use or not to use?

1976 • 471 citations

When dissonance fails: On eliminating evaluation apprehension from attitude measurement.

1965 • 453 citations

Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!

1986 • 424 citations

"Reinstatement" of the communicator in delayed measurement of opinion change.

1953 • 419 citations

Two operations in character recognition: Some evidence from reaction-time measurements

1967 • 405 citations

A comparison of individual and group decisions involving risk

1961 • 390 citations

Should the History of Science Be Rated X?

1974 • 384 citations

Methods of research in social psychology

1976 • 383 citations

Explorations in Cognitive Dissonance.

1963 • 383 citations

Recency and primacy in persuasion as a function of the timing of speeches and measurements.

1959 • 365 citations

The Processing of Positive and Negative Information

1959 • 325 citations

The Method of Multiple Working Hypotheses

1998 • 312 citations

Interference in Visual Recognition

1964 • 245 citations

Abstract and concrete data in the perseverance of social theories: When weak data lead to unshakeable beliefs

1983 • 231 citations

A Contextualist Theory of Knowledge: Its Implications for Innovation and Reform in Psychological Research

1983 • 225 citations

Twenty years of cognitive dissonance: Case study of the evolution of a theory.

1978 • 223 citations

Research on scientific journals: Implications for editors and authors

1982 • 176 citations

Social control in the psychological experiment: Antisocial behavior and hypnosis.

1965 • 173 citations

Effect of television violence on aggressiveness.

1984 • 173 citations

Newton and the Fudge Factor

1973 • 169 citations

The influence of incentive conditions on the success of role playing in modifying attitudes.

1965 • 168 citations

School desegregation: An evaluation of predictions made in Brown v. Board of Education..

1978 • 165 citations

Television and aggression

1971 • 162 citations

Personal responsibility-for-consequences: An integration and extension of the “forced compliance” literature

1972 • 159 citations

Testing the null hypothesis and the strategy and tactics of investigating theoretical models.

1962 • 153 citations

The effect of attitude on the recall of personal histories.

1981 • 149 citations

Translating Actions into Attitudes: An Identity-Analytic Approach to the Explanation of Social Conduct

1982 • 147 citations

A Proposal for a New Editorial Policy in the Social Sciences

1970 • 142 citations

The contribution of nondeprivation factors in the production of sensory deprivation effects: The psychology of the "panic button."

1964 • 141 citations

Determinants of selective memory about the self.

1976 • 141 citations

Determinants of scientific progress: The case of research on the risky shift.

1973 • 127 citations

The polarizing effect of group discussion.

1975 • 103 citations

Data-dredging procedures in survey analysis

2017 • 102 citations

History of the sleeper effect: Some logical pitfalls in accepting the null hypothesis.

1979 • 99 citations

Is it time to lay the sleeper effect to rest?

1974 • 99 citations

American psychology in the eighties: Who will buy?

1982 • 94 citations

Empirical tests of the absolute sleeper effect predicted from the discounting cue hypothesis.

1978 • 91 citations

I.—THE PSYCHOLOGY OF BELIEF

1889 • 78 citations

Experimental Social Psychology.

1932 • 76 citations

School desegregation: The social science role.

1983 • 75 citations

Attitude change and attitude attribution: Effects of incentive, choice, and consequences.

1973 • 72 citations

A theory of the action of the after-effects of a connection upon it.

1933 • 60 citations

Dissonance or defensiveness?

1962 • 57 citations

On the liability of stereotype or hypothesis.

1951 • 56 citations

The 1954 Social Science Statement and school desegregation: A reply to Gerard.

1984 • 43 citations

A "sleeper" effect in opinion change.

1953 • 43 citations

Effects of "right" and "wrong" on subsequent behavior: A new interpretation.

1969 • 41 citations

In search of reliable persuasion effects: I. A computer-controlled procedure for studying persuasion.

1977 • 34 citations

The Sleeper Effect _An Awakening

1973 • 32 citations

Social Psychology and Group Processes

1955 • 29 citations

In search of reliable persuasion effects: II. Associative interference and persistence of persuasion in a message-dense environment.

1983 • 29 citations

On the Conceptual Disconfirmation of Theories

1981 • 21 citations

Repetition and agreement with opposing arguments: A delayed action effect

1980 • 10 citations

Attitudes and memory : the heuristic and schematic functions of attitudes /

1984 • 1 citations