The carrier state in foot and mouth disease—an immunological review

Rapid Evolution of RNA Genomes

1982 • 1,475 citations

The quasispecies (extremely heterogeneous) nature of viral RNA genome populations: biological relevance — a review

1985 • 523 citations

Defective Interfering Animal Viruses

1977 • 232 citations

Nucleotide sequence heterogeneity of the RNA from a natural population of foot-and-mouth-disease virus

1980 • 203 citations

Chemical basis of antigenic variation in foot-and-mouth disease virus

1983 • 183 citations

Rapid selection of genetic and antigenic variants of foot-and-mouth disease virus during persistence in cattle

1988 • 178 citations

Biochemical identification of viruses causing the 1981 outbreaks of foot and mouth disease in the UK

1981 • 171 citations

The duration of the foot-and-mouth disease virus carrier state in African buffalo (i) in the individual animal and (ii) in a free-living herd

1985 • 162 citations

Foot-and mouth diseases carriers

1965 • 161 citations

Genetic Variability and Antigenic Diversity of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus

1990 • 152 citations

Studies on the carrier state of cattle exposed to foot-and-mouth disease virus

1966 • 149 citations

Molecular anatomy of viral persistence

1991 • 148 citations

A T cell epitope in VP1 of foot-and-mouth disease virus is immunodominant for vaccinated cattle.

1991 • 130 citations

The pathogenesis of natural and simulated natural foot-and-mouth disease infection in cattle

1981 • 126 citations

Establishment of cell lines persistently infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus

1985 • 126 citations

Unique amino acid substitutions in the capsid proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus from a persistent infection in cell culture

1990 • 104 citations

The persistence of foot-and-mouth disease virus in sheep

1968 • 103 citations

Analysis of neutralizing epitopes on foot-and-mouth disease virus

1988 • 98 citations

Foot-and-mouth disease and the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer)

1972 • 98 citations

Expression of the aphthovirus rna polymerase gene in Escherichia coli and its use together with other bioengineered nonstructural antigens in detection of late persistent infections

1991 • 90 citations

Isotype responses of infected, virus-vaccinated and peptide-vaccinated cattle to foot-and-mouth disease virus

1990 • 88 citations

Transmission of foot-and-mouth disease from African buffalo virus carriers to bovines

1985 • 85 citations

Persistence of foot-and-mouth disease virus in animals, their products and the environment.

1969 • 85 citations

Molecular basis of organ-specific selection of viral variants during chronic infection

1991 • 83 citations

The isolation and characterization of foot-and-mouth disease virus from clinically normal herds of cattle in Botswana

1968 • 78 citations

T Cell-dependent Induction of Antibody against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in a Mouse Model

1989 • 76 citations

Transmission of foot-and-mouth disease by vaccinated cattle following natural challenge

1989 • 74 citations

Infection of lymphocytes by a virus that aborts cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity and establishes persistent infection.

1991 • 71 citations

Improved techniques for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus in carrier cattle

1967 • 69 citations

Immunobiology and pathogenesis of persistent virus infections

1989 • 65 citations

MHC class II restricted recognition of FMDV peptides by bovine T cells.

1991 • 63 citations

Immune response to foot-and-mouth disease virus in a murine experimental model: effective thymus-independent primary and secondary reaction.

1986 • 58 citations

Foot-and-mouth disease and the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer). 1. Carriers as a source of infection for cattle.

1986 • 57 citations

Heterotypic recognition of foot-and-mouth disease virus by cattle lymphocytes

1990 • 55 citations

Antigenic analysis of serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates from the Middle East, 1981 to 1988

1990 • 55 citations

Heterogeneity of the polyribocytidylic acid tract in aphthovirus: biochemical and biological studies of viruses carrying polyribocytidylic acid tracts of different lengths

1984 • 54 citations

Observations on the carrier state and related antibody titres during an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease

1970 • 52 citations

Fixation of mutations at the VP1 gene of foot-and-mouth disease virus. Can quasispecies define a transient molecular clock?

1991 • 48 citations

Genetic and phenotypic variability during replication of foot-and-mouth disease virus in swine

1990 • 47 citations

Antibody response in pig nasal fluid and serum following foot-and-mouth disease infection or vaccination

1983 • 47 citations

Antibody response in bovine pharyngeal fluid following foot-and-mouth disease vaccination and, or, exposure to live virus

1983 • 44 citations

Immunity to foot-and-mouth disease virus in guinea pigs: clinical and immune responses

1979 • 40 citations

The role of sheep and goats in the epizootiology of foot-and-mouth disease in Kenya

1976 • 35 citations

The effect of repeated vaccination in an enzootic foot-and-mouth disease area on theincidence of virus carrier cattle

1974 • 34 citations

Some properties of carrier strains of foot-and-mouth disease virus

1970 • 32 citations

Morphogenesis of vesiculation in foot-and-mouth disease.

1980 • 31 citations

Neutralizing activity in the serum and oesophageal-pharyngeal fluid of cattle after exposure to foot-and-mouth disease virus and subsequent re-exposure

1974 • 31 citations

FURTHER STUDIES OF THE EARLY ANTIBODY IN THE SEA OF CATTLE AND GUINEA PIGS INFECTED WITH FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS.

1964 • 30 citations

Conformational alteration in foot-and-mouth disease virus virion capsid structure after complexing with monospecific antibody.

1987 • 28 citations

Generation of virus genetic lineages during an outbreak of poliomyelitis

1991 • 27 citations

Mouse protection test as a predictor of the protective capacity of synthetic foot-and-mouth disease vaccines

1991 • 27 citations

Foot-and-mouth disease virus strains isolated from persistently infected cell cultures are attenuated for mice and cattle

1990 • 26 citations

Detection and properties of a genomic masked viral particle consisting of foot-and-mouth disease virus nucleic acid in bovine enterovirus protein capsid

1971 • 26 citations

The inhibitory activity of secretions in cattle against foot and mouth disease virus.

1974 • 25 citations

Heterogeneity of the polyribocytidilic acid tract in aphthovirus: changes in the size of the poly(C) of viruses recovered from persistently infected cattle

1988 • 25 citations

Role of Langerhans cells in the infection of the guinea-pig epidermis with foot-and-mouth disease virus

1985 • 24 citations

Latent Viral Infection in Transmission of Foot-and-Mouth Disease by Contact between Infected and Susceptible Cattle

1971 • 23 citations

Detection of Foot-and-Mouth disease virus with DNA probes in bovine esophageal-pharingeal fluids

1988 • 23 citations

Isolation of mononuclear cytotoxic cells from cattle vaccinated against foot-and-mouth disease

1992 • 22 citations

Comparison of the immune response elicited by infectious and inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus in mice

1991 • 20 citations

Immune Response to Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in an Experimental Murine Model II. Basis of Persistent Antibody Reaction

1990 • 20 citations

Further Studies of the Early Antibody in the Sera of Cattle and Guinea Pigs Infected with Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus

1964 • 19 citations

Foot-and-mouth disease virus: Biological characteristics of virus from bovine carriers

1970 • 19 citations

Induction of antibody to foot-and-mouth disease virus in presensitized mouse spleen cell cultures

1984 • 18 citations

Comparison of the 5' and 3' untranslated genomic regions of virulent and attenuated foot-and-mouth disease viruses (strains O1 Campos and C3 Resende)

1991 • 17 citations

Further information on the survival of modified foot-and-mouth disease virus in cattle.

1970 • 16 citations

Homologous interference by a foot-and-mouth disease virus strain attenuated for cattle

1985 • 12 citations

Foot-and-mouth disease virus carrier state in cells cultured from tissues of convalescent cattle

1971 • 11 citations

Secretory antibody responses in cattle infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus.

1978 • 11 citations

Cell mediated immune response following foot-and-mouth disease vaccination in buffalo calves.

1985 • 8 citations

The genetics of foot and mouth disease virus

1986 • 6 citations

A trial of molecular epidemiology using bovine enteroviruses isolated monthly from cattle

1990 • 6 citations

Foot and Mouth Disease. With Special Reference to the Outbreaks in California in 1924 and Texas in 1924 and 1925.

1926 • 5 citations

Humoral and Cellular Parameters of Experimental Foot‐and‐Mouth Disease in Heifers

1987 • 5 citations